Treatment of domestic wastewater using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor
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Citations
Celebrating 40 years anaerobic sludge bed reactors for industrial wastewater treatment
Energy recovery from wastewaters with high-rate anaerobic digesters
Potentials of phototrophic bacteria in treating pharmaceutical wastewater
The dominant acetate degradation pathway/methanogenic composition in full-scale anaerobic digesters operating under different ammonia levels.
Start-up of UASB reactors treating municipal wastewater and effect of temperature/sludge age and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on its performance
References
Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater
Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water.
Use of the upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactor concept for biological wastewater treatment, especially for anaerobic treatment
Volatile fatty acids as indicators of process imbalance in anaerobic digestors
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Frequently Asked Questions (20)
Q2. How would the study help evaluate the process?
studieson starvation and shock loading would help evaluate the process and its application, paving way for pilot plant experiments.
Q3. What is the effect of higher HRT on COD and BOD removal?
The reduction in COD and BOD removal efficiency at higher HRT may be attr ibuted to higher upflow velocity of the wastewater and the consequent reduction in contact time between organics in the wastewater and microbes.
Q4. How can HUASB be used in developing countries?
HUASB system can be effectively used for the treatment of domestic waste in developing countries like India, since the system can be designed with relatively short HRT.
Q5. How many mL/min was the eluent used?
The eluent was a combination of 3.5 mM bicarbonate and 1 mM carbonate; the flow rate was 1.2 mL/min with an injection volume of 25 µL.
Q6. What is the impact of the pollution of Chennai's water bodies?
For instance, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) (2001) have reported that Adyar and Coovum rivers passing through the city receive wastewaters from 141 and 276 sewer outfalls, respectively.
Q7. How many MLD of domestic wastewater would Chennai have by 2021?
It is estimated that the domestic wastewater generation in Chennai would be of the order of 800 MLD by the year 2021 (CPCB and MoEF, 2001).
Q8. How was the ion exchange chromatography performed?
Phosphate (PO4 3-), sulphate (SO4 2-) and chloride (Cl-) were analyzed employing ion exchange chromatography (Make: Dionex, Model: DX-120) after filtering the samples through a 0.45µm filter.
Q9. How much BOD was removed from the wastewater?
While the BOD of the influent wastewater varied from 434 - 721 mg/L that of the treated wastewater was in the range of 47 - 175 mg/L. Increase in HRT beyond 4.5 h caused a gradual decrease in BOD removal.
Q10. What is the effect of the treatment of domestic wastewater?
Anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater employing HUASB efficiently removed organics both COD and BOD with in very short period of time.
Q11. What is the significance of VFA in anaerobic treatment?
VFA has been recognized as one of the important intermediates during the anaerobic digestion (Ahring and Angelidaki, 1997; Wang, et al., 1999) and is considered a central parameter for anaerobic treatment (Ahring and Angelidaki, 1995; Pind, et al., 1999; 2002).
Q12. What is the reason for the increase in nutrient levels during the treatment of wastewater?
Increase in nutrient levels during the anaerobic treatment of wastewater is a common occurrence and is attributed to the mineralization of organic compounds (Hanndel and Lettinga, 1994).
Q13. What was the concentration of organics in the raw domestic wastewater?
The concentration of organics as COD in the raw domestic wastewater varied from 700 - 1368 mg/L and in the treated wastewater it was in the range of 140 - 295 mg/L.
Q14. How much was the removal of TS during the final two HRTs?
Removal of TS varied from 30 to 35 % during most of the operational period; the removal was slightly less (28 – 29 %) during the final two HRTs namely 3.5 h to 3.3 h.
Q15. What is the reason for the increase in nutrient levels in treated wastewater?
This nutrient rich treated wastewater needs further treatment, as nitrogen and phosphorus cause algalblooms in receiving water bodies.
Q16. What is the example of pollution of surface water bodies?
one of the four-mega cities in India is the best example for pollution of surface water bodies caused by discharge from sewer outfalls.
Q17. What is the way to treat sewage in Chennai?
Over the years, HUASBs have been used to treat a variety of industrial effluents (Coates and Colleran, 1990; Rajesh, et al., 2006 a,b; Shivayogimath and Ramanujam, 1999).
Q18. What is the way to treat high rate anaerobic reactors?
It is reported that most of the negative aspects of high rate anaerobic reactors can be overcome by restricting the supported material to the top 25 to 30% of the reactor volume (Guiot and Van den berg, 1984; 1985).
Q19. How much VFA was removed from the wastewater?
At different phases, the VFA as acetate in the medium varied from 100 to 165 mg/L. Low VFA levels in anaerobically treated domestic wastewater have been reported by several workers (Kobayashi, et al., 1982; Ligero and Soto, 2002; Elmitwalli, et al., 2002a).
Q20. What is the effect of VS on the treatment of domestic wastewater?
Determination of VS is useful in the control of wastewater treatment plant operation because it offers rough approximation of the amount of organic matter present in the solid fraction of wastewater (Standard Methods, 1998).