Two Ways of High-Energy Heavy Ion Interactions: Spallation and Burst
Reinhard Brandt,Valery Ditlov,Maria Haiduc,Elena Firu,Alina Tania Neagu,Eberhard Ganssauge,Reza Hashemi-Nezhad,W. Westmeier +7 more
TLDR
In this paper, a new approach to solving the observation of enhanced neutron production in high-energy heavy ion induced reactions in thick targets is presented, where two different reaction mechanisms in these interactions are considered: 1) Limited fragmentation of the projectile, called SPALLATION; 2) Complete nuclear fragmentation, referred to as BURST, were considered.Abstract:
A new approach to solving the observation of enhanced neutron production in high-energy heavy ion induced reactions in thick targets is presented. Two different reaction mechanisms in these interactions are considered: 1) Limited fragmentation of the projectile, called SPALLATION; 2) Complete nuclear fragmentation of the projectile fragment into individual relativistic hadrons only, referred to as “BURST”. The abundance of this second path increases with the charge and energy of the projectile and may be responsible for enhanced neutron production observed with radiochemical methods in 44 GeV 12C and 72 GeV 40Ar irradiations. Interactions of 72 GeV 22Ne in nuclear emulsions show that SPALLATION and BURST have strongly different interaction signatures, and also that the rate of BURSTS increases from (26 ± 3)% of all interactions in the 1st generation to (78 ± 6)% in the 2nd generation. Further experimental signatures of BURSTS will be described; however, no model based on physics concepts can be presented. This effect may have practical consequences for neutron safety considerations in the construction of advanced heavy ion accelerators.read more
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Monte Carlo studies of the interaction of relativistic ions with nuclear emulsion
S.R. Hashemi-Nezhad,R. Brandt,V.A. Ditlov,E. Firu,E. Ganssauge,M. Haiduc,Alina Tania Neagu,W. Westmeier +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the MCNPX 2.7 and its associated Monte Carlo codes were used for simulations of high energy heavy ions with nuclear emulsion simulated using batch files written for this purpose.
Journal ArticleDOI
Further Studies of BURSTS and Spallation in High-Energy Heavy Ion Reactions
Reza Hashemi-Nezhad,Reinhard Brandt,Valery Ditlov,Maria Haiduc,Elena Firu,Alina Tania Neagu,Eberhard Ganssauge,W. Westmeier +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed BURSTS and Spallation reactions induced by high-energy heavy ions in thick targets (>10 cm thick) from a historical and phenomenological point-of-view.
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