Journal ArticleDOI
Universal upper bound on the entropy-to-energy ratio for bounded systems
TLDR
For systems with negligible self-gravity, the bound follows from application of the second law of thermodynamics to a gedanken experiment involving a black hole as discussed by the authors, and it is shown that black holes have the maximum entropy for given mass and size which is allowed by quantum theory and general relativity.Abstract:
We present evidence for the existence of a universal upper bound of magnitude $\frac{2\ensuremath{\pi}R}{\ensuremath{\hbar}c}$ to the entropy-to-energy ratio $\frac{S}{E}$ of an arbitrary system of effective radius $R$. For systems with negligible self-gravity, the bound follows from application of the second law of thermodynamics to a gedanken experiment involving a black hole. Direct statistical arguments are also discussed. A microcanonical approach of Gibbons illustrates for simple systems (gravitating and not) the reason behind the bound, and the connection of $R$ with the longest dimension of the system. A more general approach establishes the bound for a relativistic field system contained in a cavity of arbitrary shape, or in a closed universe. Black holes also comply with the bound; in fact they actually attain it. Thus, as long suspected, black holes have the maximum entropy for given mass and size which is allowed by quantum theory and general relativity.read more
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DissertationDOI
Towards a Theory of Quantum Gravity Through Geometrization of Quantum Mechanics
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors adapt an approach by assuming quantum mechanics as a fundamental theory of nature and attempt to recover familiar concepts such as space-time geometry and gravity from quantum wavefunctions and their unitary evolutions.
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Raphael Bousso,Aleksey L. Mints +1 more
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Yong Xiao,Yi-Xin Chen +1 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Entropy generation and inflation in wave collision induced pre-big-bang cosmology
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that enough inflation occurs provided the incoming waves are sufficiently weak, and that entropy in this model is dynamically generated as the result of the nonlinear interaction of incoming waves.