Journal ArticleDOI
Validation of the Individualized Numeric Rating Scale (INRS): A pain assessment tool for nonverbal children with intellectual disability
Jean C. Solodiuk,Jennifer Scott-Sutherland,Margie Meyers,Beth Myette,Christine S. Shusterman,Victoria E. Karian,Sion Kim Harris,Martha A. Q. Curley,Martha A. Q. Curley +8 more
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TLDR
Preliminary data provide preliminary data that the INRS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing pain in nonverbal children with severe intellectual disability in an acute care setting and evidence of convergent validity.Abstract:
Clinical observations suggest that nonverbal children with severe intellectual disability exhibit pain in a wide variety yet uniquely individual ways. Here, we investigate the feasibility and describe the initial psychometrics properties of the Individualized Numeric Rating Scale (INRS), a personalized pain assessment tool for nonverbal children with intellectual disability based on the parent’s knowledge of the child. Parents of 50 nonverbal children with severe intellectual disability scheduled for surgery were able to complete the task of describing then rank ordering their child’s usual and pain indicators. The parent, bedside nurse and research assistant (RA) triad then simultaneously yet independently scored the patient’s post-operative pain using the INRS for a maximum of two sets of pre/post paired observations. A total of 170 triad assessments were completed before (n = 85) and after (n = 85) an intervention to manage the child’s pain. INRS inter-rater agreement between the parents and research nurse was high (ICC 0.82–0.87) across all ratings. Parent and bedside nurse agreement (ICC 0.65–0.74) and bedside nurse and research nurse agreement (ICC 0.74–0.80) also suggest good reliability. A moderate to strong correlation (0.63–0.73) between INRS ratings and NCCPC-PV total scores provides evidence of convergent validity. These results provide preliminary data that the INRS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing pain in nonverbal children with severe intellectual disability in an acute care setting.read more
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Pain assessment in the patient unable to self-report: position statement with clinical practice recommendations.
TL;DR: The magnitude of this issue is described, populations at risk are defined, and clinical practice recommendations for appropriate pain assessment using a hierarchical framework for assessing pain in those unable to self-report are offered.
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TL;DR: Behavioral pain-assessment tools are reviewed in this clinical report, along with other strategies for monitoring pain after an intervention, to address the inherent challenges of pain in this vulnerable group of children.
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Pain Assessment in Newborns, Infants, and Children.
TL;DR: This article reviews the available pain scales for children from birth to adolescence and proposes a synthesis of the reliable tools to use based on the pain context to help caregivers use the adapted tools.
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Pediatric Pain Measurement, Assessment, and Evaluation.
TL;DR: An overview of pain evaluation for premature neonates to adolescents is provided; the difference between pain assessment and measurement is highlighted; and the key steps to follow are identified.
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Journal Article
The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children.
TL;DR: The preliminary data indicates the FLACC pain assessment tool is valid and reliable and supported by the correlation with scores assigned by the Objective Pain Scale (OPS) and nurses' global ratings of pain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pain assessment in the nonverbal patient: position statement with clinical practice recommendations.
Keela Herr,Patrick J. Coyne,Tonya Key,Renee C.B. Manworren,Margo McCaffery,Sandra Merkel,Jane Pelosi-Kelly,Lori Wild +7 more
TL;DR: The article presents the position statement and clinical practice recommendations for pain assessment in the nonverbal patient developed by an appointed Task Force and approved by the ASPMN Board of Directors.