Variations in structure of the outflow tract of the human embryonic heart: A new hypothesis for generating bicuspid aortic semilunar valves
TLDR
A novel mechanism for generating a bicuspid aortic valve is proposed and the idea that there is some independence of the aorta and pulmonary regions from each other during development is supported.Abstract:
Outflow tract development of the heart is complex. The presence, differential growth and interactions of the various tissues through space and time contribute to the final development of the tract. This paper presents a novel interpretation of observations of outflow tract development, in particular of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves in embryos from the Shaner Collection at the University of Alberta. Three-dimensional reconstructions assist in the visualization of the spatial relationships of the developing valve tissues. In some embryos the aortic intercalated valve swelling is displaced proximally, giving rise to a bicuspid aortic semilunar valve more distally. In addition, the developing valve tissue first appears external to the myocardial cuff. The pulmonary semilunar valve regions appear to be more normal. This paper thus proposes a novel mechanism for generating a bicuspid aortic valve and also supports the idea that there is some independence of the aortic and pulmonary regions from each other during development.read more
Citations
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A novel source of arterial valve cells linked to bicuspid aortic valve without raphe in mice.
Lorriane Eley,Ahlam Alqahtani,Donal MacGrogan,Donal MacGrogan,Rachel V. Richardson,Lindsay B. Murphy,Alejandro Salguero-Jimenez,Alejandro Salguero-Jimenez,Marcos Sintes Rodriguez San Pedro,Shindi Tiurma,Lauren McCutcheon,Adam Gilmore,José Luis de la Pompa,José Luis de la Pompa,Bill Chaudhry,Deborah J. Henderson +15 more
TL;DR: It is shown that arterial is distinctly different from atrioventricular valve formation, and a new source of valve interstitial cells is identified, which provides a novel mechanism for causation of bicuspid aortic valves without raphe.
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Intercalated cushion cells within the cardiac outflow tract are derived from the myocardial troponin T type 2 (Tnnt2) Cre lineage
TL;DR: Intercalated cushions of the developing outflow tract are populated with Tnnt2‐Cre derived cells, a Cre reporter previously used for tracing and excision of myocardial cells and not previously associated with mesenchymal cells.
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New Concepts in the Development and Malformation of the Arterial Valves
TL;DR: Parts of arterial valve development are reviewed, highlighting how the appreciation of NCC and the discovery of the SHF have altered the authors' developmental models and can help to understand human valve malformations, particularly those of the bicuspid aortic valve.
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Valvular heart disease in congenital heart disease: a narrative review.
Joshua Saef,Joanna Ghobrial +1 more
TL;DR: The embryology of the semilunar and atrioventricular (AV) valves is summarized as a foundation for understanding the origins of valvular CHD and the mechanisms that account for heterogeneity in disease are described.
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Development of the Human Arterial Valves: Understanding Bicuspid Aortic Valve
TL;DR: In this review, what is known about the development of the human arterial valve leaflets is summarized, comparing this to the mouse where appropriate.
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