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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Where Have All the IPOs Gone

TLDR
In this article, the authors propose an alternative explanation for the decline in the number of initial public offerings in the United States: the advantages of selling out to a larger organization, which can speed a product to market and realize economies of scope, have increased relative to the benefits of operating as an independent firm.
Abstract
During 1980–2000, an average of 310 companies per year went public in the United States. Since 2000, the average has been only 99 initial public offerings (IPOs) per year, with the drop especially precipitous among small firms. Many have blamed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the 2003 Global Settlement’s effects on analyst coverage for the decline in IPO activity. We find very little support for the conventional wisdom, and we offer an alternative explanation. Our economies of scope hypothesis posits that the advantages of selling out to a larger organization, which can speed a product to market and realize economies of scope, have increased relative to the benefits of operating as an independent firm.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Growth Capital-Backed IPOs

TL;DR: One third of growth capital-backed IPOs are rollups and these have produced much higher returns for investors than rollups without a financial sponsor as mentioned in this paper, in contrast to style-adjusted returns of approximately zero for other VC-backed and buyout-based IPOs.
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Product Market Characteristics and the Choice between IPOs and Acquisitions

TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze how entrepreneurial firms' product market characteristics affect their choice between going public, being acquired, or remaining private, and find that firms in industries with less information asymmetry and higher stock liquidity are more likely to choose an IPO over an acquisition.
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Market Reaction to Seasoned Offerings in China

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined stock market reaction to the announcement of various forms of seasoned issues in China and found that market reactions differ in ways that suggest a difference between management's internal assessment and the market's assessment of the stock price.
Report SeriesDOI

Who Cares? Corporate Governance in Today's Equity Markets

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an analytical framework for the role of public policy and a description of the empirical context that influences the conditions for that policy, focusing on the overall economic outcome and, in particular, how rules and regulations impact companies to grow and create value by accessing public equity markets.
Journal ArticleDOI

How time-inconsistent preferences influence venture capital exit decisions? A new perspective for grandstanding

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors proposed two kinds of time-inconsistent preferences (i.e., time-flow inconsistency and time-point inconsistency) to advance research in this field.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The structure and governance of venture-capital organizations

TL;DR: The authors describes and analyzes the structure of VC organizations, focusing on the relationship between investors and venture capitalists and between venture-capital firms and the ventures in which they invest, and contrasts VC organizations with large, publicly traded corporations and with leveraged buyout organizations.
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Have Individual Stocks Become More Volatile? An Empirical Exploration of Idiosyncratic Risk

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a disaggregated approach to study the volatility of common stocks at the market, industry, and firm levels and found that over the period from 1962 to 1997 there has been a noticeable increase in firm-level volatility relative to market volatility.
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Do Brokerage Analysts' Recommendations Have Investment Value?

Kent L. Womack
- 01 Mar 1996 - 
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of new buy and sell recommendations of stocks by security analysts at major U.S. brokerage firms shows significant, systematic discrepancies between pre-recommendation prices and eventual values.
Journal ArticleDOI

Venture capitalists and the decision to go public

TL;DR: This article examined the timing of initial public offerings and private financings by venture capitalists and found that seasoned VCs are particularly proficient at taking companies public near market peaks, and that these companies go public when equity valuations are high and employ private finance when values are lower.