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Why so Few Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
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The article was published on 2010-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1221 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Social influence & Women in science.read more
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Understanding current causes of women’s underrepresentation in science
TL;DR: It is concluded that differential gendered outcomes in the real world result from differences in resources attributable to choices, whether free or constrained, and that such choices could be influenced and better informed through education if resources were so directed.
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Rethinking Giftedness and Gifted Education A Proposed Direction Forward Based on Psychological Science
TL;DR: This monograph proposes a definition of giftedness that is useful across all domains of endeavor and acknowledges several perspectives about giftedness on which there is a fairly broad scientific consensus, and suggests some directions for the field of gifted education.
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Women in Academic Science: A Changing Landscape
TL;DR: Although in the past, gender discrimination was an important cause of women’s underrepresentation in scientific academic careers, this claim has continued to be invoked after it has ceased being a valid cause, and the results reveal that early sex differences in spatial and mathematical reasoning need not stem from biological bases.
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How stereotypes impair women’s careers in science
TL;DR: It is shown that implicit stereotypes (as measured by the Implicit Association Test) predict not only the initial bias in beliefs but also the suboptimal updating of gender-related expectations when performance-related information comes from the subjects themselves.
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Gender Gap in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM): Current Knowledge, Implications for Practice, Policy, and Future Directions.
TL;DR: Six explanations for US women’s underrepresentation in math-intensive STEM fields are summarized and evidence-based recommendations for policy and practice to improve STEM diversity are proposed and recommendations for future research directions are proposed.
References
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A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality
Carol S. Dweck,Ellen L. Leggett +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a research-based model that accounts for these patterns in terms of underlying psychological processes, and place the model in its broadest context and examine its implications for our understanding of motivational and personality processes.
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Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans
Claude M. Steele,Joshua Aronson +1 more
TL;DR: The role of stereotype vulnerability in the standardized test performance of ability-stigmatized groups is discussed and mere salience of the stereotype could impair Blacks' performance even when the test was not ability diagnostic.
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A Threat in the Air How Stereotypes Shape Intellectual Identity and Performance
TL;DR: Research shows that this threat dramatically depresses the standardized test performance of women and African Americans who are in the academic vanguard of their groups, that it causes disidentification with school, and that practices that reduce this threat can reduce these negative effects.
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Stereotype Threat and Women's Math Performance
TL;DR: This article found that when the test was described as producing gender differences and stereotype threat was high, women performed substantially worse than equally qualified men did on difficult (but not easy) math tests among a highly selected sample of men and women.