Open AccessBook
Women in Science: Career Processes and Outcomes
Yu Xie,Kimberlee A. Shauman +1 more
TLDR
In this article, a comprehensive study of gender differences in science careers provides a systematic account of how US youths are selected into and out of science education in early life and how social forces affect career outcomes later in the science labour market.Abstract:
Why do so few women choose a career in science - even as they move into medicine and law in ever-greater numbers? This comprehensive study of gender differences in science careers provides a systematic account of how US youths are selected into and out of science education in early life and how social forces affect career outcomes later in the science labour market The authors explore the extent and causes of gender differences in undergraduate and graduate science education, in scientists' geographic mobility, in research productivity, in promotion rates and earnings, and in the experience of immigrant scientists They conclude that the gender gap in parenting responsibilities is a critical barrier to the further advancement of women in scienceread more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Cumulative Advantage as a Mechanism for Inequality: A Review of Theoretical and Empirical Developments
TL;DR: Cumulative advantage is a general mechanism for inequality across any temporal process (e.g., life course, family generations) in which a favorable relative position becomes a resource that produces further relative gains as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Science of Sex Differences in Science and Mathematics
Diane F. Halpern,Camilla Persson Benbow,David C. Geary,Ruben C. Gur,Janet Shibley Hyde,Morton Ann Gernsbacher +5 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that early experience, biological factors, educational policy, and cultural context affect the number of women and men who pursue advanced study in science and math and that these effects add and interact in complex ways.
Journal ArticleDOI
Women's underrepresentation in science: sociocultural and biological considerations.
TL;DR: Evidence indicates that women's preferences, potentially representing both free and constrained choices, constitute the most powerful explanatory factor; a secondary factor is performance on gatekeeper tests, most likely resulting from sociocultural rather than biological causes.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Growing Female Advantage in College Completion: The Role of Family Background and Academic Achievement:
TL;DR: In a few short decades, the gender gap in college completion has reversed from favoring men to favoring women as mentioned in this paper, which is the first to assess broadly the causes of the growing female empowerment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gender inequalities in education.
TL;DR: The authors reviewed the empirical research and theoretical perspectives on gender inequalities in educational performance and attainment from early childhood to young adulthood and recommended three directions for future research: (a) interdisciplinary efforts to understand gender differences in cognitive development and noncognitive abilities in early childhood, (b) research on the structure and practices of schooling, and (c) analyses of how gender differences might amplify other kinds of inequalities, such as racial, ethnic, class, or nativity inequalities.