Worldwide variation of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, in 1961-1965 and 2000-2003.
Rui da Silva,Anna Bach-Faig,Blanca Raidó Quintana,Genevieve Buckland,Maria Daniel Vaz de Almeida,Lluis Serra-Majem +5 more
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TLDR
Many countries in the Mediterranean basin are drifting away from the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP), however, countries in Northern Europe and some other countries around the world are taking on a Mediterranean-like dietary pattern.Abstract:
Objective The present study aimed to analyse the worldwide trends of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), in 1961–1965 and 2000–2003. Design Data were obtained from the FAO food balance sheets in two periods: 1961–1965 and 2000–2003. In order to have a sample from across the world, forty-one countries were selected. The average of available energy for different food groups was calculated for all selected countries. These values were used to evaluate the adherence to the MD through a variation of Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI). Results The majority of the forty-one countries in this study have tended to drift away from a Mediterranean-like dietary pattern. Mediterranean Europe and the Other Mediterranean country groups suffered a significant decrease in their MAI values. The Mediterranean European group, especially Greece, experienced the greatest decrease in MAI value. In both periods, the Other Mediterranean countries showed the highest MAI values. In an analysis by countries, Iran had the highest increase in MAI across the time periods, and Egypt occupied the first place in the ranking in 2000–2003. The Northern European group was the only one that registered an increase in MAI, although this was not statistically significant. Conclusions Many countries in the Mediterranean basin are drifting away from the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP). However, countries in Northern Europe and some other countries around the world are taking on a Mediterranean-like dietary pattern. The Other Mediterranean countries have the closest adherence to the MDP, currently and in the 1960s. Nutrition policy actions to tackle dietary westernisation and preserve the healthy prudent MDP are required.read more
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Food consumption trends and drivers
TL;DR: A picture of food consumption (availability) trends and projections to 2050, both globally and for different regions of the world, along with the drivers largely responsible for these observed consumption trends are the subject of this review.
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The Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Health.
Miguel Ángel Martínez-González,Miguel Ángel Martínez-González,Miguel Ángel Martínez-González,Alfredo Gea,Alfredo Gea,Miguel Ruiz-Canela,Miguel Ruiz-Canela +6 more
TL;DR: Criteria for causality was met, potential sources of controversies did not represent any reason to compromise the main findings of the available observational studies and randomized controlled trials, and the available evidence is large, strong, and consistent.
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Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in the Spanish EPIC Cohort Study
Genevieve Buckland,Carlos González,Antonio Agudo,Mireia Vilardell,Antoni Berenguer,Pilar Amiano,Eva Ardanaz,Larraitz Arriola,Aurelio Barricarte,Mikel Basterretxea,María Dolores Chirlaque,Lluís Cirera,Miren Dorronsoro,Nerea Egüés,José María Huerta,Nerea Larrañaga,Pilar Marín,Carmen Martinez,Esther Molina,Carmen Navarro,José Ramón Quirós,Laudina Rodríguez,María José Sánchez,María José Tormo,Conchi Moreno-Iribas +24 more
TL;DR: Mediterranean diet adherence was associated with a significantly reduced CHD risk in this Mediterranean country, supporting its role in primary prevention of CHD in healthy populations.
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Environmental footprints of Mediterranean versus Western dietary patterns: beyond the health benefits of the Mediterranean diet
TL;DR: The MDP is presented as not only a cultural model but also as a healthy and environmentally-friendly model, adherence to which, in Spain would have, a significant contribution to increasing the sustainability of food production and consumption systems in addition to the well-known benefits on public health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mediterranean Diet: From a Healthy Diet to a Sustainable Dietary Pattern.
Sandro Dernini,Elliot M. Berry +1 more
TL;DR: A greater focus on the Mediterranean diet’s potential as a sustainable dietary pattern, instead of just on its well-documented healthy benefits, can contribute to its enhancement.
References
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Frank B. Hu,Eric B. Rimm,Meir J. Stampfer,Alberto Ascherio,Donna Spiegelman,Walter C. Willett +5 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that major dietary patterns derived from a food-frequency questionnaire predict risk of CHD, independent of other lifestyle variables.