Is acrylic oleophilic?5 answersAcrylic polymers can exhibit oleophilic properties, making them attractive for oil-absorbent applications. Research has shown the synthesis and evaluation of oleophilic gels based on acrylic polymers like butyl acrylate (BA). Acrylic prepolymers, such as ethyl acrylate (EA) and lauryl acrylate (LA), have been studied for their oil-absorbent capabilities, with longer side alkyl chains enhancing absorption. Additionally, acrylic acid water absorbent resins containing polymerizable surfactants have been developed to improve liquid absorption rates, with the surfactants enhancing hydrophilicity. Furthermore, the preparation of hydrophobic oleophilic resins using non-fluorinated acrylate monomers has been explored for oil-water separation applications, showcasing stable performance and favorable oleophilic properties. Overall, acrylic-based materials can indeed be oleophilic, offering versatility in various oil-related applications.
What are the chemical compositions of self-cleaning coatings that repel oleophobic substances?5 answersSelf-cleaning coatings that repel oleophobic substances have different chemical compositions. One approach is to use a composite of hydrothermally synthesized alumina (Al2O3), polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS), and polystyrene (PS). Another option is to use a polyimide-fluorinated silica sol (PIFSS) nanocomposite, which is obtained by adding a silica sol suspension to a polyamic acid solution, followed by thermal imidization and treatment with triethoxy-1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecylsilane (TEFDS). Additionally, self-cleaning coatings can be achieved by using a composite of hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials, with an optimal concentration of 3 w/v% anatase TiO2. The chemical compositions of these coatings contribute to their extreme water-repellent properties and self-cleaning capabilities, making them suitable for various applications in different industries.
How can make hydropphobic paper?5 answersHydrophobic paper can be made using various methods. One method is to treat the paper surface with plasma technology, specifically plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Another method involves in situ surface engineering with polysilsesquioxane nanorods (PSNRs). Additionally, hydrophobic paper can be fabricated by roll coating with modified nano-TiO2 particles. Another eco-friendly method involves in situ hydrolysis of tetraethyl titanate(IV) without any chemical pretreatment. Furthermore, a method using a sizing additive based on depolymerized lignin has also been proposed. These methods offer advantages such as low cost, easy processing, scalability, and excellent hydrophobic properties. The resulting hydrophobic paper exhibits properties such as self-cleaning, anti-icing, anti-friction, and durability. These methods provide promising approaches for the large-scale production and application of hydrophobic paper in various industries.
How to work FO membrane?4 answersForward osmosis (FO) membranes work by using a specific membrane structure to facilitate the movement of water molecules from a feed solution to a draw solution. The membrane is typically made of cellulose acetate (CA) and is prepared using the phase inversion method. The performance of the FO membrane is influenced by factors such as casting thickness, additives, and solvents used in the membrane preparation process. The FO process can be used for various applications, including juice concentration, wastewater treatment, and seawater desalination. The FO membrane's ability to remove contaminants and concentrate water depends on its surface properties, such as zeta potential and surface charge. Membrane fouling is a common issue in FO processes, and strategies such as blending carbon nanoparticles into the membrane material can help control fouling and improve water flux. Overall, FO membranes offer a cost-effective and energy-efficient solution for various water treatment applications.
How are fluorinated polyesters made?5 answersFluorinated polyesters are made by introducing fluorinated monomers into the polymerization process. In one study, a series of bio-based polyesters called poly(ethylene-1,4-cyclohexyldimethylene-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-benzenedimethanol 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PECFF) were synthesized by incorporating the fluorinated rigid diol 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-benzenedimethanol (TFBDO) into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA)-based copolyesters via a two-step melt polycondensation. Another study explored the oxa-Michael addition polymerization of 2-trifluoromethacrylic acid (MAF) to produce polyesters with trifluoromethyl side groups. This polymerization was attempted using various reactants and catalysts, resulting in oligomers with different yields and molar masses. These studies demonstrate different approaches to incorporating fluorinated monomers into polyester synthesis.
What is the effect of fluoride on the anodization of WO3?4 answersThe presence of fluoride ions in the electrolyte during the anodization of WO3 has been found to have a significant effect on the resulting nanostructures. The incorporation of fluoride ions in the electrolyte solution leads to the formation of self-organized WO3 nanostructures with a larger active surface area, resulting in better photocurrent density and photodegradation performance. The ordered porous WO3 films produced with the presence of fluoride ions exhibited excellent stability and high incident-photon-to-charge conversion efficiency. Additionally, the incorporation of fluoride favored the formation of polystungstates in tungsta catalysts supported on fluorinated-alumina. These findings suggest that fluoride ions play a crucial role in the anodization process of WO3, leading to the formation of desirable nanostructures and improved performance in various applications.