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Can hydroxyapatite be dissolved in any buffer?

Amorphous calcium phosphate

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Hydroxyapatite (HAp) can indeed be dissolved in certain buffers. Research indicates that HAp dissolution is influenced by factors like temperature and buffer composition. For instance, in HEPES buffer solution, HAp immersed at different temperatures showed varying rates of dissolution and phase transformation to HAp crystals. Additionally, studies have shown that the dissolution of HAp is an incongruent process, with equilibrium reached over weeks in aqueous solutions and artificial blood serum. Moreover, the presence of HAp in liquid cell electron microscopy experiments increased the stability of the system under irradiation, suggesting that HAp can act as a stabilizer in certain conditions. Therefore, while HAp can be dissolved in specific buffers under certain conditions, its dissolution behavior is complex and influenced by various factors.

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Open access•Journal Article•DOI Bio resorbability of the modified hydroxyapatite in Tris-HCL buffer O A Golovanova, R R Izmailov, S. A. Ghyngazov - Show less +2 more 01 Jan 2016	Hydroxyapatite can be dissolved in Tris-HCL buffer, with carbonated hydroxyapatite showing higher solubility compared to hydroxyapatite, especially in HA-gelatin composites with 6.0 g/L concentration.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Hydroxyapatite extracted by animal bone image analysis in ionic liquid choline chloride-glycerol Hong Zhu, Wei Song, Yu Deng - Show less +2 more 10 Jul 2018-Eurasip Journal on Image and Video Processing 7 Citations	Hydroxyapatite can be dissolved in an ionic liquid, choline chloride-glycerol, as shown in the research. However, the paper does not mention its solubility in other buffers.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Studies on Change in Solubility over Time of the Bioactive Material Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Precipitation of Hydroxyapatite Fumitaka Yoshino, Rina Sasaki, Yuka Asada, Kazunari Shiozaki, Shinji Shimoda, Takatsugu Yamamoto - Show less +5 more 01 Jan 2022-Journal of Hard Tissue Biology 2 Citations	Hydroxyapatite can precipitate in HEPES buffer solution, enhancing crystal growth, but the paper does not address its solubility in buffers.
Book Chapter•DOI Solubility of Hydroxyapatite as a Function of Solution Composition (Experiment and Modeling) George Kuranov, Konstantin N. Mikhelson, Aleksandra M. Puzyk - Show less +2 more 01 Jan 2020 1 Citations	Hydroxyapatite can be dissolved in aqueous solutions and artificial blood serum, showing non-monotonous changes in calcium ion concentration, suggesting an incongruent dissolution process.

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How to get rid of hydroxyapatite filling from the skin? Field: aesthetic medicine?5 answersTo remove hydroxyapatite (HA) filling from the skin in aesthetic medicine, various techniques have been proposed. One method involves using a composition containing sodium thiosulfate to diminish or remove unwanted HA deposits cutaneously. Another approach includes a technique using a grater-type micro-liposuction cannula under negative pressure to debulk and remove excess HA in case of nodule formation or overcorrection. Additionally, studies have shown that HA-coated abutments can achieve integration with the surrounding skin, potentially aiding in the removal process of HA fillings. These methods provide options for addressing issues related to HA fillings in aesthetic medicine, offering solutions for managing complications or undesired outcomes associated with HA-based procedures.

What is phosphate buffer?5 answersA phosphate buffer is a solution commonly used in biological research to maintain a constant pH. It typically consists of sodium chloride, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, and potassium phosphate. Different formulations exist, such as one with protamine, which enhances stability and prolongs the buffer solution's activity. Another method focuses on preparing a phosphate buffer with low osmotic pressure, beneficial for drug solvents to reduce adverse reactions. In a study on saliva, phosphate buffer's significant role in maintaining oral health was highlighted, showing a negative correlation with caries incidence. Additionally, in analytical techniques like capillary electrophoresis, the use of phosphate buffer has shown improved separation efficiency and peak symmetry, especially when combined with atmospheric pressure photoionization for mass spectrometric detection.

Hydroxyapatite from limestone?5 answersHydroxyapatite can be synthesized from limestone, which primarily consists of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The addition of carbonate to hydroxyapatite can improve its characteristics, such as solubility, crystallinity, and crystal morphology, making it preferable for bone repair. Limestone-based hydroxyapatite has been successfully synthesized by heating limestone powder and dissolving it with distilled water and H3PO4 solution. The resulting hydroxyapatite compound contains calcium hydroxide (CaO), phosphate (PO4 3-), and hydroxyl (OH-) groups. The synthesis process can be influenced by the concentration of H3PO4, with a concentration of 0.8 M resulting in the total synthesis of hydroxyapatite. Limestone-derived hydroxyapatite can also be doped with different metal ions, such as Ag, Cu, Zn, and Mg, to improve its antibacterial activity. Additionally, hydroxyapatite coating can be used for the conservation of gypsum crust on historic limestones, providing surface protection and integral consolidation.

Can hydroxyapatite from limestone be used for adsorption?4 answersHydroxyapatite from limestone can be used for adsorption. Researchers have successfully synthesized hydroxyapatite-coated limestone composites and demonstrated their effectiveness in removing heavy metals such as Cu(II) from solution. The composites showed good adsorption capacity and resistance to pH changes, making them suitable for adsorption applications. Additionally, hydroxyapatite-biomass nanocomposites have been synthesized using a combined ultrasonic/hydrothermal method and used as adsorbents for fluoride ions removal. The nanocomposites exhibited high adsorption capacity and efficiency, even when tested with natural groundwater samples. Furthermore, hydroxyapatite particles with a fine, hollow morphology have been successfully prepared using a CaCO3 core as a template, and these hollow mesoporous hydroxyapatite particles have shown excellent adsorption characteristics for cationic dyes. Overall, the studies suggest that hydroxyapatite derived from limestone can be a promising adsorbent for various pollutants in water treatment applications.

How can hydroxyapatite be synthesized?5 answersHydroxyapatite can be synthesized through various methods. One method involves the reaction between calcium carbonate and ortho-phosphoric acid, followed by sintering at different temperatures to obtain amorphous or crystalline phases. Another method is the hydrothermal technique, where calcium and phosphate precursors are mixed in a certain proportion and treated with potassium hydroxide at a specific pH, followed by hydrothermal treatment at a specific temperature. Coprecipitation is another method, where calcium oxide, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and titanium oxide chloride precursor are mixed, and hydrothermal treatment is performed. Additionally, hydroxyapatite can be extracted from biogenic sources such as ark clamshells through a combination of calcination and chemical precipitation techniques. Finally, a novel method involves co-precipitating distiller effluent-derived calcium with (NH4)2HPO4 using straw-derived dissolved organic matter as a dispersant.

How to do phosphate buffer saline?4 answersPhosphate buffer saline (PBS) can be prepared by adding sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, and sodium chloride to water for injection. The specific concentrations of these components may vary, but typically, 0.003-0.005% of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.025-0.030% of disodium hydrogen phosphate, and 0.80-0.85% of sodium chloride are added. The mixture is stirred at a low rotation speed, and after stirring is completed, the solution is sterilized and filtered to obtain the phosphate buffer solution. Another method involves adding phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide to deionized water simultaneously but at different speeds, resulting in an aqueous solution of disodium phosphate and monosodium phosphate in a proportion of 1:2.

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