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How do histone crotonylation reinforce HIV latency? 

Histone code
Epigenomics
Jurkat cells
Histone deacetylase inhibitor
Vorinostat
Best insight from top research papers

Histone crotonylation reinforces HIV latency by reprogramming the local chromatin at the HIV long-terminal repeat (LTR) through increased histone acetylation and reduced histone methylation . This epigenetic modification of the HIV LTR is regulated by the expression of the crotonyl-CoA-producing enzyme acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2) . Induction of ACSS2 leads to increased histone crotonylation, which in turn promotes the reactivation of latent HIV . Inhibition or knockdown of ACSS2 diminishes histone crotonylation-induced HIV replication and reactivation . Furthermore, the induction of ACSS2 is highly synergistic with protein kinase C agonists or histone deacetylase inhibitors in reactivating latent HIV . This study identifies histone lysine crotonylation as a novel epigenetic regulator for HIV transcription that can be targeted for HIV eradication .

Answers from top 5 papers

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Papers (5)Insight
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
Genome-wide analysis of histone modifications in latently HIV-1 infected T cells.
Jihwan Park, Chae Hyun Lim, Seokjin Ham, Sung Soon Kim, Byeong-Sun Choi, Tae-Young Roh 
31 Jul 2014-AIDS
24 Citations
The provided paper does not mention histone crotonylation or its role in reinforcing HIV latency.
Patent
Compounds and methods for inhibiting hiv latency
Jonathan Karn, Julia Friedman, David C.K. Chu 
14 Oct 2011
12 Citations
The provided paper does not mention anything about histone crotonylation reinforcing HIV latency.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
HIV latency is reversed by ACSS2-driven histone crotonylation
Guochun Jiang, Don Nguyen, Nancie M. Archin, Steven A. Yukl, Gema Méndez-Lagares, Yuyang Tang, Maher Elsheikh, George Richard Thompson, Dennis J. Hartigan-O'Connor, David M. Margolis, Joseph K. Wong, Satya Dandekar 
01 Mar 2018-Journal of Clinical Investigation
91 Citations
Histone crotonylation is a regulator of HIV latency. Induction of histone crotonylation through increased expression of the enzyme ACSS2 reprograms the chromatin at the HIV LTR, leading to increased histone acetylation and reduced histone methylation, which in turn promotes HIV replication and reactivation.
Journal Article•DOI
Crotonate sensitizes IAPi in the disruption of latent HIV by modulating the ncNF‐κB signaling pathway at the step of p100 cleavage into p52
Guochun Jiang, Dajiang Li, Shane D. Falcinelli, Lilly Wong, Yuyang Tang, Edward P. Browne, Nancie M. Archin, David J. Margolis 
01 May 2022-The FASEB Journal
The provided paper does not specifically mention how histone crotonylation reinforces HIV latency.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
Identification of novel genes associated with HIV-1 latency by analysis of histone modifications
Kyung-Chang Kim, Sun Young Lee, Junseock Son, YoungHyun Shin, Cheol-Hee Yoon, Chun Kang, Byeong-Sun Choi 
12 May 2017-Human Genomics
5 Citations
The provided paper does not mention histone crotonylation or its role in reinforcing HIV latency.

Related Questions

What are histone modifications?5 answersHistone modifications are chemical changes to the amino acid residues of histone proteins that regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. These modifications include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and many others. They form a "histone code" that can be used as an epigenetic marker and play a crucial role in various cellular processes such as transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, and chromosome segregation. Histone-modifying enzymes, such as histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), and histone methyltransferases (KMTs), add or remove these modifications, thereby altering the functional profile of the epigenome. Understanding the role of histone post-translational modifications is important for preventing and treating human diseases, including cancer.
Is the turnover of histone methylation slower than the turnover of histone acetylation?5 answersHistone methylation turnover is slower than histone acetylation turnover. The turnover rate of histone acetylation is generally faster than that of histone methylation. The turnover of histone acetylation varies depending on the histone, the modified residue, and neighboring modifications. In contrast, histone methylation, such as H3 trimethyl K9 and K27, is slow to be established on new histones and slow to disappear from old histones. The turnover rates of transcription-associated marks, such as K4me3 and K36me3, are faster than histone methylation. These findings suggest that histone acetylation has a faster turnover rate compared to histone methylation.
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Can histone modifications increase gene expression?11 answers
How do you get rid of histones?3 answers
Is histone modification random?3 answers

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