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How many neurons does a baby's brain have? 

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These results show the capacity of fetal neurons to provide a renewed substrate for both cognitive and motor systems in the lesioned adult brain.
Thus, a variety of fetal, catecholamine-containing neurons survive transplantation to primate brain and produce extensive neuritic outgrowths.
Here we find that newborn neurons mature over many months in rats, and end up with distinct morphological features compared to neurons born in infancy.
These findings can be interpreted as the effect of immature synaptic interconnections between neurons in the newborn brain.
Finally, the authors show that memory acquisition in itself does not have a major impact on the number of immature neurons.
These results demonstrate that, similar to other neurons in the brain, layer V pyramidal neurons in the PFC undergo a period of rapid development during the first 3 wk after birth.
We also found a preliminary, positive correlation between number of fledglings and number of new NC neurons in the parents' brain at fledging, suggesting that the number of neurons recruited is sensitive to the number of young fledged.