Graphene Absorbent for PFAS remediation?5 answersGraphene-based absorbents show promise for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) remediation. Various studies highlight the effectiveness of graphene materials in adsorbing PFAS from water. For instance, graphene monoliths have been developed as passive samplers for PFAS detection in aquatic environments, demonstrating enhanced sorption capabilities through chemical modifications. Additionally, combining mineral and carbonaceous phases in adsorbents increases PFAS binding strength, showcasing the potential of mixed adsorbents for improved PFAS removal. The unique properties of graphene, such as large surface area and functional groups, contribute to its efficiency in adsorbing various pollutants, including PFAS, making it a promising candidate for pollution remediation in both water and potentially soil environments.
How to reduce graphene oxide?5 answersGraphene oxide (GO) can be reduced using various methods. One method is microbial reduction using bacteria such as Shewanella decolorationis NTOU1 under neutral and mild conditions. Another method involves using kaffir lime peels extract as an agent for reduction at room temperature. Additionally, GO can be chemically reduced with hydrazine monohydrate to achieve reduced graphene oxide (RGO). Ethanol can also be used for reduction, and the dispersion of GO in ethanol can be improved by assembling phenyl-modified colloidal silica nanospheres onto the GO surface. Green synthesis using extracts of Larrea tridentata and Capsicum Chinense has also been explored for the reduction of GO. These methods offer environmentally friendly approaches to reduce graphene oxide and obtain reduced graphene oxide for various applications.
How to eliminate graphene from human body?5 answersGraphene can be eliminated from the human body through the hepatobiliary route, which involves the liver, bile ducts, and intestines. Nanoparticles, including graphene, can interact with liver nonparenchymal cells, such as Kupffer cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, which determine the elimination fate. These cells can sequester and chemically or physically alter the nanoparticles, influencing their elimination through feces. Additionally, graphene can be eliminated through perspiration, as graphene can generate resonance, vibration, and scattering, leading to the discharge of toxic scale from the body. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and efficiency of graphene elimination from the human body.
How to deactivate reduced GRAPHENE oxide in the body?5 answersReduced graphene oxide (r-GO) can be deactivated in the body through various methods. One approach is to expose r-GO to radiation with a peak wavelength of less than 400 nm, such as X-rays, which efficiently converts graphite oxide to its reduced form. Another method involves treating r-GO with high temperature H2 treatment at 800 ℃, resulting in a high-quality reduced graphene oxide (HrGO) macro body. Additionally, the presence of protein in the biomicroenvironment can weaken the cytotoxicity of graphene oxide (GO) and reduce its internalization and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, providing a basis for preventing graphene toxicity. It is important to note that the specific process for deactivating r-GO in the body may depend on the intended application and the desired level of reduction.
How to clean blood of graphene ?5 answersGraphene can be cleaned from blood using various methods. One method involves using an ultrasonic processing (UP) step to etch copper and clean the bottom surface of graphene. Another method involves using a device with graphene sheets that have apertures to isolate substances from blood. Additionally, a graphene stripping device can be used to obtain large-area defect-free graphene by implementing rapid directional arrangement of graphite flakes and playing a shearing effect. Furthermore, a superhydrophobic surface made of graphene and titanium dioxide nanoparticles can be dip-coated on a film to enhance biocompatibility and inhibit biofilm formation. Lastly, a large-scale clean preparation method for graphene involves dispersing graphite raw material in a suspension, subjecting it to ultrasonic treatment, and then stripping off the graphene under a high-speed air flow.
How do you remove graphene from ceramic coating?10 answers