Which are the most investigated fusion welding process by simulation?5 answersThe most investigated fusion welding processes by simulation are laser beam welding (LBW) and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. LBW offers advantages in joining titanium alloys, while TIG welding is crucial for developing fusion reactor components. Simulation plays a vital role in understanding and optimizing these processes. LBW simulations successfully explain microstructural changes due to varied welding speeds and powers, leading to optimal parameter determination. On the other hand, TIG welding simulations focus on process parameter selection and optimization to ensure quality weld output, temperature distribution, residual stresses, and weld distortion control. Both processes benefit from simulation techniques to enhance understanding, efficiency, and quality in welding applications.
Is there any research bout computationally modelling corondum using DFT?5 answersComputational modeling of corundum using Density Functional Theory (DFT) has been studied in the literature. Kotomin et al. conducted quantum chemical computer simulations to investigate close Frenkel defects in corundum crystals. They concluded that pairs of defects up to fourth nearest neighbors should be unstable at temperatures above 40 K. Additionally, Ossowski et al. applied a density-functional method based on localized densities to study various properties of α-Al2O3, including electronic, structural, elastic, optical, and vibrational properties. While their approach is generally less accurate than conventional band-structure methods, their results are in reasonably good agreement with experiment and other theoretical calculations. Therefore, there are research papers available that discuss the computational modeling of corundum using DFT.
How to implement density functional theory?4 answersDensity functional theory (DFT) is implemented through various methods and approaches. One approach is to use a quantum algorithm that has a linear scaling with respect to the number of atoms, which is much smaller than the number of electrons. Another approach involves expanding the orbitals and electron density of the periodic system using Gaussian basis functions, which provides a unique all-electron direct-space representation. DFT can also be implemented using density-functional approximations and efficient DFT codes. Additionally, there are program packages available that allow users to apply DFT to actual systems without needing to know the theory. These implementations enable accurate calculations of electronic properties and have been widely used in theoretical physics, chemistry, and engineering.
What is the basic tarnish test on steel?5 answersThe basic tarnish test on steel involves subjecting the steel to harsh conditions to determine its resistance to corrosion and wear. Different testing methods have been developed to assess the corrosion behavior of steel in various industries. These methods include electrochemical techniques, sessile drop test, crucible test, and rotary slag test. The corrosion of steel is mainly caused by the infiltration and subsequent dissolution of refractories by slags and molten steel. In the steel industry, refractories are commonly used as linings for steel production equipment due to their ability to withstand high temperatures and corrosive attack. However, the life span of refractories is limited due to corrosion, which leads to degradation and wear of the refractory bricks. Despite efforts to develop laboratory tests that can reproduce real working conditions, no test can fully replicate the harsh conditions in the steel industry.
How can DFT be used to dopage materials?5 answersDFT can be used to study the doping of materials, including drug delivery systems and energy materials. DFT calculations provide insight into the properties of materials at the atomic scale, allowing for the prediction and understanding of material behavior. In the context of drug delivery systems, DFT simulations can predict the characteristics of polymer-based drug delivery systems, such as the interaction between polymers and drugs. In the case of energy materials, DFT calculations have been used to design and discover new materials for applications such as photovoltaics, photocatalysis, thermoelectrics, and batteries. Additionally, DFT has been applied to the study of materials used in nuclear reactors, analyzing the behavior of materials like Zr and Zircaloy-2. Overall, DFT provides a powerful tool for understanding and designing materials for various applications, including doping.
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