Isolation and identification of herbal5 answersIsolation and identification of bioactive compounds from herbal sources are crucial steps in drug development. Herbal medicines have been utilized for centuries, offering potential alternatives to synthetic drugs due to their perceived lower side effects. The complex nature of compounds in medicinal plants necessitates extraction, isolation, and structural elucidation processes to identify potential lead molecules for therapeutic purposes. Advanced technologies like Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) play a significant role in characterizing and identifying phytochemicals from herbal sources, aiding in the efficient analysis of bioactive compounds. These methods enable the rapid extraction and analysis of phytochemicals, providing a basis for further research on bioactivities, structure-activity relationships, and structural modifications of active compounds.
Isolation of phenanthrene in pure form5 answersThe isolation of phenanthrene in its pure form has been achieved through various methods described in the provided abstracts. One approach involves the use of a water-soluble Pd(II) molecular boat (MB1) that selectively binds phenanthrene over its isomer anthracene, allowing for the separation of phenanthrene with high purity. Another method involves the self-assembly of a water-soluble molecular bowl (TB) that exhibits a higher affinity for phenanthrene compared to anthracene, enabling the separation of phenanthrene with a purity of approximately 93%. Additionally, the recrystallization of phenanthrene from coking tar using a selective solvent has been shown to yield purified phenanthrene. Furthermore, a light-responsive water-soluble macrocycle has been synthesized, which can selectively extract phenanthrene from anthracene mixtures through a solid-liquid extraction method. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of isolating phenanthrene in its pure form using various techniques.
Isolation techniques of natural drugs over the years4 answersOver the years, there have been significant advancements in the techniques for the extraction and isolation of natural drugs. These techniques include conventional methods such as maceration, infusion, percolation, and decoction, as well as nonconventional methods like Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. In recent years, there has been a focus on the development of more efficient and selective methods for the extraction and isolation of bioactive natural products. The use of advanced analytical separation methods and structural characterization techniques has played a crucial role in the progress of natural products research. Additionally, the establishment of structural links among natural products through molecular network analysis has provided valuable information for the targeted isolation of key compounds. These advancements in isolation techniques have contributed to the discovery and development of new bioactive compounds from natural sources.
Isolation proetin form tissue5 answersIsolation of proteins from tissue can be achieved using various methods. One method involves the use of a tissue isolation electrical cutter, which utilizes high-pressure gas to isolate tissue from organs, blood vessels, and nerves. Another method involves the exploitation of solid fat tissue obtained from surgical procedures such as abdominoplasties and breast reductions. This process includes separating the fat from the skin, mincing it into small pieces, and digesting it with collagenase type I to obtain tissue-specific progenitor cells. Additionally, retinal progenitor cells can be administered to treat or prevent retinal diseases and improve visual functions. It is also possible to extract high-quality RNA from plant tissues using a specific protocol that has been successful in obtaining good RNA yields.
How to isolate bone marrow stem cell?5 answersBone marrow stem cells can be isolated using various methods. One approach is to use DNA-gold nanoparticles to identify and sort skeletal stem cells (SSCs) with specific mRNA signatures. Another method involves the use of a spiral-shaped inertial microfluidic sorter, which can isolate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow samples based on their larger size compared to other cells. Flow cytometry has also been used to isolate and characterize hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by utilizing a combination of phenotypic markers. Additionally, a simple and robust method for isolating MSCs involves directly culturing bone marrow cells in a tissue culture flask and purifying the MSCs based on their ability to adhere to plastic surfaces. Another study used a density gradual sedimentation method to isolate MSCs from human bone and confirmed their purity using specific markers such as CD44.
How to isolate flavonoids?5 answersFlavonoids can be isolated using various methods. One approach is to use chemical methods with solvents and traditional processes, but these can be expensive, time-consuming, and may affect the bioactivity of the compounds. Another method is to use biotechnological strategies, which have been developed to reduce or eliminate the use of toxic solvents, reduce processing time, and maintain the bioactivity of the compounds. The extraction and isolation of flavonoids from plant sources require careful consideration of factors such as plant material, pre-extracting sample preparation, type of solvent, extraction technique, and physicochemical conditions. There is no universal extraction method, and each procedure needs to be optimized for the specific plant source. Selective extraction techniques combine optimal solvents or solvent mixtures with appropriate techniques to achieve desired results. Standardization of extraction methods is also important for repeatability and reproducibility.