What are the advantages of kidney organoids (derived from iPSCs)?
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Kidney organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer several advantages. These organoids have improved differentiation efficiency and similarity to the human kidney, containing not only nephrons and ureteric buds but also stromal cells . Additionally, the combination of an inducible ETS translocation variant 2 (ETV2) iPSC line with a non-transgenic iPSC line in suspension organoid culture leads to extensive vascularization by endothelial cells, resulting in improved maturation of nephron structures and the presence of renin+ cells . Furthermore, coculturing pseudo proximal tubule cells from iPSC-derived kidney organoids with immortalized proximal tubule cells enhances the functions of the epithelial layer, including selective filtration and reabsorption, and offers improved levels of transporters, extracellular matrix proteins, glucose transport, and P-glycoprotein activity . Lastly, iPSC-derived kidney organoids can be engineered to display key kidney functions such as waste excretion and salt reabsorption, making them valuable for research into human kidney function and disease .
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| The provided paper does not specifically mention the advantages of kidney organoids derived from iPSCs. | |
| The provided paper does not explicitly mention the advantages of kidney organoids derived from iPSCs. | |
| The paper does not explicitly mention the advantages of kidney organoids derived from iPSCs. |
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What is the current state pf geneartion of kidney organoids?5 answersThe current state of generating kidney organoids involves ongoing efforts to improve their maturity and functionality. Kidney organoids derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have shown promise as models for studying kidney development and diseases. However, these organoids are more similar to a first-trimester fetal kidney than an adult kidney. Researchers are working on strategies to advance the maturity of kidney organoids to better resemble an adult kidney. Challenges include achieving a complex cellular composition, structure, and functions that fully recapitulate the intact kidney. Recent advances include improving vasculature and cell maturation, as well as functional states. Various approaches are being explored, such as animal transplantation, organ-on-chip technology, and the use of extracellular matrices (ECMs). These advancements aim to enhance tissue patterning, specialization, and function, and to avoid tumorigenicity after transplantation. Overall, the field of kidney organoid generation is progressing towards the development of more mature and functional organoids for potential applications in disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine.
How organoid prepared in lab?5 answersOrganoids are prepared in the lab using various methods. One method involves introducing cells and a fluorocarbon oil into a three-way device to obtain cell spheres, which are then cultured to form organoid spheres. Another method utilizes micro-pillar array columns for mapping the proteome of organoids derived from human stem cells. Additionally, advancements in stem cell technology have enabled the growth of organoids by exploiting self-organization responses of adult stem cells and pluripotent stem cells. Epithelial organoids can be obtained by culturing epithelial ducts, duct fragments, or stem cells in contact with an extracellular matrix in the absence of FGF and/or nicotinamide. These methods allow for the production of controllable and uniform organoids, which have applications in developmental biology, drug discovery, toxicology, and functional measurements.
What are cells used in kidney tissue engineering?5 answersCells used in kidney tissue engineering include induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), pluripotent stem/progenitor cells. These cells are used to generate kidney tissues in vitro and can differentiate into kidney-specific cell types such as nephrons, proximal tube cells, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. iPSCs have the potential to restore the function of damaged kidneys. AD-MSCs can be seeded into decellularized kidney scaffolds to support proliferation and differentiation into kidney cells. ADMSCs can also be used in the recellularization of rabbit kidney scaffolds. Pluripotent stem/progenitor cells can be guided towards a kidney fate and can generate kidney cells or organoids that resemble embryonic nephrons. These cells offer opportunities for modeling renal diseases, drug screening, nephrotoxicity testing, and potentially kidney cell replacement therapies.
How many cells are used in kidney tissue engineering?4 answersKidney tissue engineering involves the use of multiple cell types. The exact number of cells used in kidney tissue engineering is not specified in the abstracts provided. However, the complexity of the kidney, which consists of various cell types and functions, presents a significant challenge for repair. Different approaches, such as the use of pluripotent stem/progenitor cells, recellularization techniques, and cell-based approaches, have been explored for kidney tissue regeneration. These approaches involve the integration of new nephrons, growing new kidneys, using stem cells, and bioengineering an artificial kidney. The goal is to recapitulate renal functions and replace renal filtration, reabsorptive and secretory functions, and endocrine/metabolic activities. While the abstracts do not provide a specific number of cells used in kidney tissue engineering, it can be inferred that a combination of different cell types is utilized in these approaches.
Are primary renal cells used in kidney tissue engineering?5 answersPrimary renal cells are used in kidney tissue engineering. These cells are important for the development of a bioartificial kidney, which aims to substitute kidney functions in patients with renal failure. The use of primary renal cells allows for the maintenance of monolayer integrity and specialized renal epithelial cell functions in the bioartificial kidney. Additionally, primary renal cells can be used in combination with other cell types, such as mesenchymal stem cells, to generate neo-kidneys from human mesenchymal stem cells. The goal is to generate functional renal cell types that can be used for investigating renal function and potentially treating renal disease. Overall, primary renal cells play a crucial role in kidney tissue engineering and the development of bioartificial kidneys.