What are the challenges in developing biosensors?4 answersDeveloping biosensors faces several challenges. One challenge is the characterization and stability of the devices, including their matrix effect due to sample and reusability. Another challenge is the need for accurate and affordable drug detection, which has led to the development of biosensors with pharmaceutical applications. Additionally, while biosensors have shown potential for point-of-care diagnostics, only a few have been successful in the market, indicating a challenge in commercialization. The choice of the active interface in contact with the electrolyte determines the sensor response and selectivity, but unwanted protein interactions with sensor surfaces can cause signal instability and false-positive rates. Furthermore, the degree to which the substrate influences graphene-protein interactions in biosensors is still unknown. Finally, the choice of the readout transducer can influence the noise limit and signal-to-noise ratio in biosensors.
What are some of the challenges in developing healthcare wearable devices?5 answersThe challenges in developing healthcare wearable devices include capturing contextual information for treatment purposes. Other challenges include the adoption barriers related to sensors, devices, data, monitoring, and system. Security, lack of regulation, risk of data loss, accuracy, and ethics are also identified as challenges. Additionally, user acceptance, security, ethics, and big data concerns need to be addressed. The development of telemedicine wearable sensors faces challenges such as selectivity to analytes, low sensitivity to targets, miniaturization, and lack of artificial intelligence. Furthermore, wearable devices face problems such as privacy leak risk and poor battery life.
What are the current research challenges in using adiabatic evanescent tapers for fiber to chip coupling?4 answersCurrent research challenges in using adiabatic evanescent tapers for fiber to chip coupling include achieving efficient mode coupling with low loss and low crosstalk, compact footprint, and polarization independence. Another challenge is maintaining the adiabaticity properties of the tapers to ensure the preservation of the fundamental mode without higher-order mode coupling. Additionally, there is a need to optimize the taper design to achieve large spatial-dimensional tolerances and low insertion loss. Reproducible batch production routes for adiabatic tapers with enhanced uniformity are also a challenge. These challenges need to be addressed to enable the practical implementation of adiabatic evanescent tapers for efficient fiber to chip coupling in various photonic applications.
What are the challenges and tendencies of wearable biosensor technology?5 answersWearable biosensor technology faces several challenges and exhibits certain tendencies. One challenge is the design of sensors with flexible materials, particularly 2D materials, which offer excellent mechanical, optical, and electrical properties. Another challenge is the integration of nucleic acid-based assays into wearable sensors, which provides better stability, enhanced analytical performance, and improved clinical applicability. Additionally, the fabrication of electrically conductive and mechanically flexible sensing interfaces for wearable biosensors remains a challenge. On the other hand, wearable biosensors show tendencies towards real-time and continuous health monitoring, offering self-powered, lightweight, low-cost, and highly flexible platforms. They have the potential to enable personalized healthcare by extracting actionable information from raw sensor signals and guiding closed-loop medical interventions. Overall, wearable biosensor technology is advancing towards practical applications in various fields, including health monitoring and personalized diagnostics.
What are the challenges in automated fiber calibration for auto testing of PICs?5 answersAutomated fiber calibration for auto testing of PICs faces several challenges. One challenge is the high probe-to-probe variations in the geometry of U-bent fiber optic sensor (U-FOS) probes, which can lead to rejection rates as high as 50-70%. Another challenge is the mutual coupling between antenna array elements, which can significantly degrade the performance of array signal processing methods. Additionally, the intrusion of plastic contamination into the cotton gin's processing system poses a challenge to the cotton industry. Furthermore, manual quantification for skeletal muscle histological analysis is time-consuming and prone to investigator bias. Lastly, precise calibration of roadside infrastructure for connected and cooperative driving requires a robust extrinsic calibration method.
What are the challenges of using fruit peels in fabric production?5 answersThe challenges of using fruit peels in fabric production include the need for effective dye removal from wastewater, the development of a production process that avoids the use of chemical additives and sizing dye, and the optimization of media for higher yields and better quality of bacterial cellulose (BC). Additionally, the disposal of fruit peels as waste poses an environmental pollution problem.