WHat are the known HQNO signalling mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus?
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HQNO (2-heptyl-4-quinoline N-oxide) is a quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecule in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is a metabolite of the PQS (Pseudomonas quinolone signal) system and acts as a major virulence factor that interferes with the growth of other microorganisms . In Staphylococcus aureus, the ClpXP protease of P. aeruginosa suppresses its antimicrobial activity against S. aureus by degrading proteins critical for the production of QS signal molecules PQS and C4-HSL . Additionally, an extract and a compound of bioinspired origin, carboxypyranoanthocyanins red wine extract (carboxypyrano-ant extract) and carboxypyranocyanidin-3-O-glucoside (carboxypyCy-3-glc), respectively, have been found to interfere with QS-related gene expression in both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms . These findings suggest that HQNO and QS-related gene expression play important roles in the signaling mechanisms of both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.
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| The provided paper does not mention the known HQNO signaling mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. | |
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