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What is hybrid Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) that have enhanced the mechanical properties via friction stir process (FSP)? 

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Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) that have enhanced mechanical properties via Friction Stir Processing (FSP) are innovative materials designed to meet the demanding requirements of industries such as aerospace, automotive, and shipbuilding. These composites are fabricated by integrating two or more types of reinforcements into a metal matrix, leveraging the FSP technique to achieve superior microstructural and mechanical characteristics. For instance, the in-situ formation of Al/(Al13Fe4 + Al2O3) hybrid nanocomposites through FSP has shown significant improvements in ultimate tensile strength and hardness due to the fine microstructure achieved by the dynamic restoration of the aluminum matrix . Similarly, carbon nano-onion (CNO) reinforced AZ31B Mg alloy MMCs fabricated via FSP exhibited enhanced yield strength and fracture elongation, attributed to grain boundary strengthening and the activation of twinning behavior . The introduction of Boron carbide (B4C), Silicon Carbide (SiC), and Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) particles into aluminum to create Aluminum Hybrid Surface Composites (AHSC) also resulted in a notable increase in ultimate tensile strength and hardness, demonstrating the effectiveness of FSP in distributing the reinforcements homogeneously . Moreover, the fabrication of hybrid nanocomposite matrices using Aluminum AA7075 with graphene nanoplates (GNP), boron nitride (BN), and vanadium carbide (VC) as reinforcements has led to a significant reduction in grain size and an increase in compression stress and hardness, showcasing the role of FSP in enhancing the dispersion of reinforcement particles . The addition of SiC nanoparticles to AA5754 alloy through FSP improved microhardness and grain refinement, indicating the potential of FSP in enhancing the mechanical properties of MMCs . Other studies have explored the use of silicon carbide powder and rice husk (RHP) in Al6082 aluminum alloy , zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles and graphite (Gr) microparticles in aluminum matrix surface composites , and a mixture of ZrO2 and Ni as reinforcement particles in hybrid aluminium matrix composite (HAMC) . These composites have shown improvements in tensile properties, residual stresses, and fatigue performance, further validating the capability of FSP to enhance the mechanical properties of MMCs. Additionally, the development of AA6063 matrix composites using ZrO2 and nickel particles has led to significant improvements in microhardness and ultimate tensile strength . Lastly, the fabrication of surface composites using Aluminium Alloy 7075 with Titanium Dioxide and Silicon Carbide powder particles has not only improved hardness but also wear resistance and tensile strength, underscoring the versatility of FSP in tailoring the properties of hybrid MMCs . In summary, hybrid MMCs enhanced via FSP exhibit remarkable improvements in mechanical properties, including tensile strength, hardness, and wear resistance, by achieving a fine and homogenous microstructure. These advancements highlight the potential of FSP as a key technology for developing next-generation materials for various high-performance applications.

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Papers (10)Insight
DOI
Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of hybrid aluminium matrix composite with ZrO2 and Ni particle as reinforcement fabricated through FSP route
Mahesh Patel, Sangam Sangral, Jayaprakash Murugesan 
16 Sep 2022-Advanced Composite Materials
1 Citations
A hybrid MMC of AA6063 with ZrO2 and Ni particles fabricated through FSP showed improved microhardness and ultimate tensile strength by 58.1% and 80%, respectively, with balanced ductility.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
Fabrication of Surface Metal Matrix Composite of AA7075 using Friction Stir Processing
Aleem Pasha Md
01 Jun 2022-Journal of Manufacturing Engineering
Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) of AA7075 with TiO2 and SiC particles fabricated via Friction Stir Processing (FSP) exhibit improved hardness, wear resistance, and tensile strength compared to the base material.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
Enhancement of tensile and fatigue properties of hybrid aluminium matrix composite via multipass friction stir processing
Mahesh Patel, Bhavesh Chaudhary, Jayaprakash Murugesan, Neelesh Kumar Jain, Vivek V. Patel 
01 Nov 2022-Journal of materials research and technology
3 Citations
Hybrid aluminium matrix composite (HAMC) with 6% ZrO2 and 6% Ni reinforcement particles showed improved tensile properties and fatigue life through multipass friction stir processing (FSP).
Journal Article•DOI
Microstructure and mechanical properties of al/graphite- zirconium oxide hybrid composite fabricated by friction stir processing
Hossein Keshavarz, Amir Hossein Kokabi, M. Movahedi 
01 Dec 2022-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
4 Citations
Aluminum/graphite-zirconium oxide hybrid composite fabricated by friction stir processing showed improved mechanical properties, with the hybrid ratio affecting ultimate tensile stress, yield stress, and microhardness.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
Fabrication and characterization of hybrid composite of Al6082/SiC/rice husk powder using friction stir processing
N. S. Sampath Kumar, Pankaj Gupta, R.K. Singh 
01 Dec 2022-Naučno-tehničeskij Vestnik Informacionnyh Tehnologij, Mehaniki i Optiki
The hybrid MMC of Al6082/SiC/rice husk powder fabricated using FSP enhances mechanical properties. Microstructure modification, increased tensile strength by 1.36x, and hardness by 1.75x were observed.
Journal Article•DOI
Fabrication and optimization of AA5754/SiC nanocomposites via friction-stir processing (FSP)
Morteza Rezaei, Ali Davari, Seyyed Saber Mirhosseini, Ali Shamsipur 
01 Jan 2023-Metallurgical Research & Technology
AA5754/SiC nanocomposites fabricated via friction-stir processing (FSP) exhibit enhanced mechanical properties. Optimal parameters include 500 rpm rotational speed, 20 mm/min traverse speed, and 3 passes for improved microhardness.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
An Investigation of the Mechanical, Thermal and Electrical Properties of an AA7075 Alloy Reinforced with Hybrid Ceramic Nanoparticles Using Friction Stir Processing
Ahmed B. Khoshaim, Essam B. Moustafa, Mashhour A. Alazwari, Mohammed A. Taha 
08 Jan 2023-Superalloys
5 Citations
The hybrid MMC consists of AA7075 alloy reinforced with graphene, boron nitride, and vanadium carbide nanoparticles, fabricated using Friction Stir Processing, enhancing mechanical properties through grain refinement and particle reinforcement.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
Development of Al-Mg2Si Alloy Hybrid Surface Composites by Friction Stir Processing: Mechanical, Wear, and Microstructure Evaluation
Ramesh Raja, R Shanmugam, Sabitha Jannet, G.B. Veeresh Kumar, N. Venkateshwaran, K. Naresh, Monsuru Ramoni 
01 Jun 2023-Materials
Aluminum Hybrid Surface Composites (AHSC) with Boron carbide, Silicon Carbide, and Calcium Carbonate particles, fabricated using Friction Stir Processing (FSP), exhibit enhanced mechanical properties.
Journal Article•DOI
Microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon nano-onions reinforced Mg-based metal matrix composite prepared by friction-stir processing
Nan Xu, Zike Ren, Zhong Qiu, Zhengda Lu, Jun Shen, Qining Song, Jianhua Zhao, Yefeng Bao 
01 Feb 2023-Materials today communications
Carbon nano-onion (CNO) reinforced AZ31B Mg alloy MMC fabricated by friction stir processing (FSP) exhibited improved yield strength and fracture elongation, enhancing both strength and ductility simultaneously.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
Effect of Initial Grain Size on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of In Situ Hybrid Aluminium Nanocomposites Fabricated by Friction Stir Processing
Saeid Lotfian, Ghasem Azimi-Roeen 
20 Jun 2023-Applied Sciences
Hybrid Al/(Al13Fe4 + Al2O3) MMC fabricated by FSP showed improved mechanical properties due to fine microstructure and nanosized products formed in situ, enhancing ultimate tensile strength and hardness.

Related Questions

How does the use of additive friction stir affect the mechanical properties of materials in manufacturing processes?4 answersThe utilization of additive friction stir techniques in manufacturing processes significantly impacts the mechanical properties of materials. Studies on various aluminum alloys like AA2024-T4, AA2011-T6, and 6061 have shown that parameters such as rotational speed and feed rate influence the microstructure and mechanical properties. Additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) processes lead to refined grain structures, uniform dispersion of precipitates, and enhanced mechanical properties like hardness and compressive strength compared to base materials. Additionally, the use of powder bed friction stir (PBFS) processes demonstrates improved mechanical performance due to factors like increased recrystallized grains and better material intermixing. The choice of feedstock material form, whether powder or rod, also affects the microstructure, porosity, and mechanical properties of the final product.
Why friction stir welding is better for aluminium alloys?4 answersFriction stir welding (FSW) is preferred for aluminum alloys due to its solid-state nature, which eliminates melting and associated issues like distortion and HAZ. FSW offers high joint strength, excellent ductility, and minimal distortion, making it popular in aerospace, automotive, and marine industries. Optimal FSW parameters lead to enhanced mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and elongation, in aluminum alloy welds. FSW also addresses challenges in work-hardened aluminum alloys, improving their industrial usability through strategies like parameter optimization and reinforcement particle incorporation. The process provides stable welds with fine microstructures, better mechanical properties, and environmental benefits compared to arc welding methods.
What is Single Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) that have enhanced the corrosion resistance via friction stir process (FSP)?10 answersA notable Single Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) that has demonstrated enhanced corrosion resistance through the application of the friction stir process (FSP) is the AZ31 magnesium matrix composite reinforced with nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and nano-magnesium oxide (nMgO). This composite, fabricated using high rotating speeds during FSP, showed significant improvements in microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and notably, corrosion resistance. The process led to refined grains in the stirred zone, homogeneously distributed β-Al12Mg17 precipitates, and bio-reinforced particles, contributing to its superior corrosion resistance compared to the matrix. Other research efforts have also focused on enhancing the corrosion resistance of different MMCs through FSP. For instance, AA5754 aluminum alloy reinforced with SiC nanoparticles, duplex stainless steel (DSS), WE43 Mg alloy with nano-sized hydroxyapatite, and low-pressure cold sprayed Al-Al2O3 MMC coating on AZ31B magnesium alloyhave all shown improved corrosion resistance post-FSP. Similarly, Al-Ti-TiC-CNTs/AZ31 MMCs prepared using laser cladding and high-speed FSP exhibited better corrosion properties, as did AA5052 aluminum alloy. Moreover, friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) has been used to create multifunctional MMCs with enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Additionally, a process route involving solid solution treating followed by FSW and T76 ageing was developed for 7xxx aluminum alloy to weaken the macro-galvanic effect and reduce corrosion. Lastly, FSW of AA6061 aluminum matrix composites with SiC particles optimized through response surface methodology showed a reduction in corrosion rate. These studies collectively underscore the effectiveness of FSP and related techniques in enhancing the corrosion resistance of MMCs, making them more suitable for applications requiring durability in corrosive environments.
What are the specific dynamical properties of metal matrix composites (MMCs) that are affected by friction stir processing?5 answersFriction stir processing (FSP) affects several dynamical properties of metal matrix composites (MMCs). The rotating speed during FSP plays a crucial role in refining the grains of the stirred zone (SZ) in MMCs, reducing the size of precipitates, and causing them to be homogeneously distributed. The combination of different reinforcement particles in MMCs leads to a more homogenous dispersion of particles in the SZ, resulting in fine and equiaxed grains. FSP also induces intense plastic deformation, mixing, and breaking of the base material, resulting in a dense and homogenized microstructure. The presence of pre-implanted reinforced particles affects the flow of plastic materials during FSP, leading to changes in the flow direction and refinement of the processed zone. Additionally, FSP with multiple passes improves the uniform distribution of reinforced particles, refines grains, and enhances compressive residual stresses in MMCs.
What is the mechanical properties of hybridized basalt FRP and steel wires composite bar?5 answersHybridized basalt FRP and steel wires composite bars have improved mechanical properties compared to traditional reinforcement. The use of basalt fibers in the composite bars enhances their mechanical behavior, including tensile strength, elastic modulus, and energy absorption. The modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of the hybrid composite bars increase by 83% to 120% and 6% to 26%, respectively, compared to glass-fiber-reinforced-polymer (GFRP) bars. Additionally, hybrid composite bars with basalt and steel wires exhibit higher absorbed energy compared to other types of hybrid composite bars. These findings suggest that the hybridization process improves the mechanical performance of basalt FRP and steel wires composite bars, making them a promising solution for reinforcement in aggressive environments.
What is the effect of hybrid FRP steel bars on the flexural performance of concrete beams?5 answersThe addition of hybrid FRP steel bars to concrete beams improves their flexural performance. The use of hybrid reinforcement increases the load-carrying capacity of the beams and enhances their ductility. The combination of FRP and steel bars results in a higher ultimate strain of the reinforcement, indicating better utilization of the tensile strength of the bars. The flexural behavior of the hybrid reinforced beams is found to be superior to that of conventional steel reinforced beams. However, the ductility of the hybrid reinforced beams decreases with an increase in the ratio of FRP to steel reinforcement. The hybrid FRP steel bars also contribute to the corrosion resistance of the beams, making them suitable for use in harsh environments.

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