What are the applications of Ti-Al intermetallics?5 answersTi-Al intermetallic compounds find applications in various fields such as automotive, aerospace, defense, and anti-penetration materials. These materials offer a unique combination of properties including low density, high strength, resistance to corrosion and oxidation, making them suitable for structural and functional applications. In aerospace, Ti-Al composite plates are utilized for specific purposes, with recent studies focusing on additive manufacturing to create functionally graded materials. Additionally, the development of TiAl$_3$ interlayers through processes like accumulative roll bonding and post-sintering enhances the performance of anti-penetration multilayer composites. The control and optimization of manufacturing processes for Ti-Al materials benefit significantly from insights into the interfacial dynamics and diffusion mechanisms provided by molecular dynamics simulations and microstructural characterizations.
How does the addition of Tio2 affect the performance of a fuel cell?5 answersThe addition of TiO2 particles to fuel cells has been found to have a significant impact on their performance. In the context of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), the addition of TiO2 particles into proton exchange membranes led to an increase in crystallinity and a decrease in liquid uptake and methanol permeability, resulting in higher power density compared to pristine membranes. Similarly, in microbial fuel cells (MFCs), TiO2 nanoparticles modified cathodes showed increased power generation, current density, and removal efficiency of various substances compared to uncoated cathodes. The use of biogenic TiO2 nanoparticles as a catalyst in MFCs also improved biofouling and enhanced bioelectricity generation. Additionally, in alkaline direct glycerol fuel cells, the use of Pd-TiO2 electrocatalysts resulted in higher power density compared to commercial Pd/C electrocatalysts, indicating the beneficial behavior of TiO2 as a co-catalyst. Overall, the addition of TiO2 has shown to improve the performance of fuel cells in terms of power generation, current density, and removal efficiency.
How to prepare TiO2?5 answersTiO2 can be prepared using various methods. One method involves the synthesis of TiO2 particles via the "two-emulsion method". In this technique, two water-in-oil emulsions containing different reactants are mixed under controlled conditions, leading to the synthesis of Ti(OH)4 particles. These particles are then transformed into TiO2 particles and aggregates through emulsion heating. The resulting TiO2 structures can vary depending on factors such as precursor and surfactant concentrations, oil viscosity, emulsification time, and mixing speed. Another method involves processing ilmenite type Fe2O3 waste into TiO2 nanoparticles powder through leaching with HCl and high-energy milling. The characteristics of the TiO2 powder, such as particle size and size distribution, can be analyzed using techniques like XRD, SEM, EDS, and particle size analyzer. Additionally, ideally ordered TiO2 through-hole membranes can be obtained through a combination of Ti substrate pre-patterning and two-layer anodization. The Ti substrate is pre-patterned using porous alumina as an etching mask, and anodic porous TiO2 is produced through anodization using an electrolyte containing fluoride ions. The selective dissolution of the lower part of the two-layered porous TiO2 results in an ideally ordered TiO2 through-hole membrane. Another method involves modifying TiO2 powder through stirring in HCl solution, adding ammonia solution, and heating at different temperatures. The structure and optical properties of the TiO2 layer can be examined using XRD. Finally, TiO2 can be prepared by carbonizing medium density fiberboard with titanium tetraisopropoxide (Ti-tip) as a precursor. The carbonization temperature affects the crystalline structure of TiO2, with anatase formed at lower temperatures and rutile formed at higher temperatures. The Ti-tip-treated carbonized MDF shows excellent photocatalytic performance for formaldehyde and toluene reduction.
Is TiB2 nano particles possess biocompatibility?5 answersTiO2 nanoparticles have been extensively studied for their biocompatibility. Ti-Ag alloys with Ti2Ag precipitates have been investigated for their cell biocompatibility. Nanometer TiO2 powders have been shown to have excellent biocompatibility when embedded on the surface of Ti alloy. TiO2 nanomaterials with different dimensions, sizes, and crystal structures have been evaluated in animal models and found to have no effect on morphology and oxidative stress. Luminescent TiO2 particles have been shown to be non-toxic towards cells and can be easily detected within cultured cells. However, there is no specific mention of TiB2 nanoparticles in the provided abstracts. Therefore, it is not possible to determine the biocompatibility of TiB2 nanoparticles based on the information provided.
The incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles in Ni matrix increase the particle size of the coating?4 answersThe incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles in the Ni matrix can affect the particle size of the coating. In some cases, the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles can lead to a refinement of the grain size in the Ni matrix, resulting in a smaller average grain size. However, in other cases, the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles can cause an increase in the particle size of the coating. This can be observed when higher concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles are used, leading to agglomeration of the nanoparticles and a larger particle size in the coating. Therefore, the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the particle size of the coating depends on factors such as the concentration of nanoparticles and the specific experimental conditions used in the deposition process.
What are the most important properties of TiO2?2 answersThe most important properties of TiO2 include its unique physicochemical properties, photocatalytic activity, opacity, whiteness, and ability to confer antibacterial and antimicotic properties. TiO2 is widely used in industrial and consumer products such as plastics, printing inks, cosmetics, paints, and food additives. It also exhibits structural, optical, and photoluminescence properties, with the ability to inhibit crystal growth and promote an increase in lattice parameters. TiO2 thin films have high optical transmittance in the visible region and reflectance in the infrared, making them suitable for solar water heater systems. The incorporation of Au nanoparticles on TiO2 films enhances their photoelectrochemical properties, resulting in increased power conversion and improved photovoltage and photocurrent. TiO2/graphitic carbon nanocomposites synthesized at different temperatures exhibit enhanced photocatalytic performance and display various paramagnetic centers, indicating their potential for magnetic applications.