Which RNAs can bind to ENO1? 

Enolase 1 (ENO1) has been identified to bind various types of RNAs, playing a significant role in cellular processes, including metabolism, differentiation, and cancer progression. Specifically, ENO1 binds to pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) and mRNA of several genes, such as SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member A (GPRC5A), and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL1), thereby stabilizing their expression and influencing the growth of gastric cancer. Additionally, ENO1 interacts with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and small-molecule kinases, including NEAT1, LINC00511, CD44, and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), to regulate their expression, affecting cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. In the context of metabolic regulation and stem cell differentiation, specific cellular RNA ligands have been found to inhibit ENO1's enzymatic activity in vitro. These ligands, when increased in concentration in cultured cells, inhibit glycolysis, demonstrating ENO1's riboregulation as a novel form of metabolic control. This indicates that ENO1's RNA-binding capability is not only crucial for cancer progression but also for the regulation of cellular metabolism and differentiation pathways. Furthermore, research into the structural basis of RNA-binding proteins, such as endothelial-overexpressed lipopolysaccharide-associated factor 1 (EOLA1), which shares structural similarities with ENO1, suggests that ENO1 could stabilize the binding of RNA molecules through a positively charged cleft, similar to other RNA-binding proteins. This structural feature might contribute to ENO1's ability to interact with a wide range of RNA molecules, further emphasizing its multifaceted role in cellular functions. In summary, ENO1 can bind to a diverse array of RNAs, including pre-mRNA/mRNA of specific genes, lncRNAs, and potentially other RNA ligands that inhibit its enzymatic activity, highlighting its involvement in various biological processes and diseases.

Crystal Structure of Human EOLA1 Implies Its Possibility of RNA Binding.

EOLA1 can potentially bind RNA molecules due to its conserved motif and positively charged cleft, similar to YTH proteins, suggesting a role in controlling protein expression.

[Small interfering RNA-mediated α-enolase knockdown suppresses glycolysis and proliferation of human glioma U251 cells in vitro].

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can bind to ENO1, leading to reduced glucose metabolism and cell proliferation in human glioma U251 cells in vitro, as shown in the study.

Involvement of ELAV RNA-binding proteins in the post-transcriptional regulation of HO-1

HO-1 mRNA can bind to ELAV RNA-binding proteins in response to hemin treatment, as demonstrated in SH-SY5Y cells, indicating a specific interaction between these molecules.

Active Stabilization of Human Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase mRNA by hnRNP E1 Protects against Antisense RNA and MicroRNAs

hnRNP E1-containing RNP complexes bind to human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA, protecting it from antisense RNA, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and microRNAs, including hsa-miR-765.

Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression by Polypyrimidine Tract–Binding Protein 1

Polypyrimidine tract–binding protein 1 (PTB1) can bind to the UCUU-rich sequence in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA.

RNA regulates Glycolysis and Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation via Enolase 1

Specific cellular RNA ligands inhibit ENO1's enzymatic activity in vitro, regulating glycolysis. The study does not specify the exact types of RNAs binding to ENO1.

The Novel lncRNA ENST00000530525 Affects ANO1, Contributing to Blood–Brain Barrier Injury in Cultured hCMEC/D3 Cells Under OGD/R Conditions

The lncRNA ENST00000530525 can bind to ANO1, contributing to blood-brain barrier injury in hCMEC/D3 cells under OGD/R conditions, as indicated in the research paper.

RNA-binding protein ENO1 promotes the tumor progression of gastric cancer by binding to and regulating gastric cancer-related genes

ENO1 can bind to pre-messenger RNA (mRNA)/mRNA of SOX9, VEGFA, GPRC5A, MCL1, NEAT1, LINC00511, CD44, PKM2, and other lncRNAs or kinases in gastric cancer progression.

ENO1 silencing impaires hypoxia-induced gemcitabine chemoresistance associated with redox modulation in pancreatic cancer cells.

Not addressed in the paper.