Showing papers on "Accommodation published in 1977"
TL;DR: Modelling of the monocular, steady-state, accommodation response to sinusoidal grating targets suggests that the accommodation to a target with a complex spatial frequency spectrum cannot be predicted from a knowledge of that spectrum and of the observer's response to its component frequencies, under the same viewing conditions.
190 citations
TL;DR: The experiments described here demonstrate that chameleons do so in estimating the distance of their prey, and proposed monocular distance information is used by monocular frogs and toads.
Abstract: ANY animal that adjusts the focus of its eye lens has monocular distance information potentially available from its focusing mechanism. Such accommodation cues are independent of size and context, and thus could provide an objective measure of distance. Ingle has proposed that such information is used by monocular frogs1 and toads2, both of which he has shown to be capable of estimating distance with one eye3. There is no direct evidence, however, that any animal perceives distance as a function of the plane of focus of the image. The experiments described here demonstrate that chameleons do so in estimating the distance of their prey.
120 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the visual system computes distance by taking into account the convergence parameter only, rather than that of accommodation or of both, and the relative effectiveness of convergence and accommodation as possible indicators of distance was examined through a conflicting-cues paradigm.
Abstract: It is shown that veridical depth perception presupposes the processing of both the magnitude of retinal disparity and observation distance according to a square-law function specified by the underlying geometrical stimulus relations. In the present study, after testing its existence, this constancy of depth perception was investigated by measuring perceived depth as a function of retinal disparity and observation distance. In addition, the relative effectiveness of convergence and accommodation as possible indicators of distance was examined through a conflicting-cues paradigm. It was shown that in the perception of depth the visual system computes distance by taking into account the convergence parameter only, rather than that of accommodation or of both.
76 citations
TL;DR: The near point of accommodation was determined in four cats by measuring visual acuity at viewing distances varying from 125 to 12 cm and are in good agreement with physiological and optical estimates of the nearpoint of accommodation.
46 citations
TL;DR: A dynamic optometer that uses the third Purkinje image is shown to be insensitive to small eye rotations and permits dynamic measures of VG‐ACC responses to be presented to demonstrate the feasibility of this method.
Abstract: Dynamic measures of vergence accommodation (VG-ACC) are necessary for complete analysis of the triadic near response but are difficult to obtain because eyeball rotation affects accommodative measures. A dynamic optometer that uses the third Purkinje image is shown to be insensitive to small
42 citations
31 Dec 1977
18 citations
Journal Article•
18 citations
01 Jun 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, it is hypothesized that relaxation of accommodation toward the intermediate resting position attenuates the size of the projected retinal image of more distant objects, thereby causing reductions in apparent size or increases in apparent distance, including certain types of optical illusions.
Abstract: : Shifts in the apparent size and distance of real objects viewed binocularly and monocularly and of objects viewed indirectly through imaging displays are accompanied by shifts in visual accommodation distance It is hypothesized that relaxation of accommodation toward the intermediate resting position in the absence of adequate textural cues to distance attenuates the size of the projected retinal image of more distant objects, thereby causing reductions in apparent size or increases in apparent distance, including certain types of optical illusions (Author)
8 citations
Posted Content•
6 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is concluded that 24-h rhythms in accommodation responses need not be considered in setting visual standards for flight-deck task.
Abstract: Possible 24-h variations in accommodation responses were investigated. A recently developed servo-controlled optometer and focus stimulator were used to obtain monocular accommodation response data on four college-age subjects. No 24-h rhythm in accommodation was shown. Heart rate and blink rate also were measured and periodicity analysis showed a mean 24-h rhythm for both; however, blink rate periodograms were significant for only two of the four subjects. Thus, with the qualifications that college students were tested instead of pilots and that they performed monocular laboratory tasks instead of binocular flight-deck tasks, it is concluded that 24-h rhythms in accommodation responses need not be considered in setting visual standards for flight-deck tasks.
5 citations
Patent•
16 Feb 1977
Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide an automobile accommodation equipment, which is capable of accommodating automobiles in each shelf having a plurality of automobile accommodation spaces with the front end of each automobile aligned with respect to each automobile accommodation space.
01 Oct 1977
Patent•
07 Jun 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to enable a gigantic capacity micro-film search system by writing a key word on a microfilm at the time of photographing, and feeding the key word together with an accommodation number information to the CPU at time of accommodation so as to render the keyword to correspond with the accommodation number.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To enable a gigantic capacity micro-film search system by writing a key word on a micro-film at the time of photographing, and feeding the key word together with an accommodation number information to CPU at the time of accommodation so as to render the key word to correspond with the accommodation number.