Showing papers on "Aphasia published in 1975"
TL;DR: Two patients with an exceedingly poor verbal memory span were observed and two right hemisphere damaged patients who showed an extreme reduction of spatial span, which could not be accounted for by space perceptual disorders and contrasted with a normal performance on a spatial long-term memory test.
409 citations
TL;DR: It is argued that the right hemisphere is dominant during the prelinguistic period, and that presumably nascent left hemispheric skills are progressively brought into play as speech develops, and the evidence points to a need for a “life-span” aphasiology.
243 citations
186 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is presented indicating that the ability of Japanese aphasics to use Japanese kana signs and kanji characters can be selectively impaired, which appears to correlate with some of the major diagnostic categories recognized among speakers of Indo-European languages.
158 citations
TL;DR: In these patients the major features of the disturbance could not be explained only on the basis of an interruption of the downgoing pathway from the dominant motor speech area, and may have been due to damage to the superior and mesial pre-motor area (particularly the supplementary motor region).
139 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that aphasia is best understood as a general impairment of symbolic communication that includes nonverbal as well as verbal deficits.
Abstract: A pantomime recognition test was developed to study the extent of impairment of pantomime recognition and the relationship between pantomime recognition and verbal deficits in aphasics. This test r...
125 citations
TL;DR: An attempt was made to develop an objective and complete scoring procedure for describing the spontaneous speech of aphasia patients and Fluency was by far the most important.
94 citations
TL;DR: In 1943, lmura described an aphasic syndrome shown by Japanese patients and designated it as Gogi (“word-meaning”) aphasia, which is based on selective impairment of processing kanji or Chinese characters and difficulty in finding access to the lexicon.
Abstract: In 1943, lmura described an aphasic syndrome shown by Japanese patients and designated it as Gogi (“word-meaning”) aphasia. Salient features are selective impairment of processing kanji or Chinese characters and difficulty in finding access to the lexicon in both production and reception, with preservation of processing kana or phonetic signs, and fluent oral repetition. A patient with this syndrome is presented, with emphasis on the nature of his kanji impairment. Cases of Gogi aphasia in the literature are reviewed and contrasted to cases of Broca9s aphasia with selective impairment of kana processing. The implications for a neurolinguistic model of language processing in aphasia are discussed.
81 citations
TL;DR: In this study long-term observation of 12 patients with aphasia secondary to severe closed head trauma took place, and the presence and degree of concomitant neuropsychological disorders were most important for the final outcome.
Abstract: In this study long-term observation of 12 patients with aphasia secondary to severe closed head trauma took place. The most frequent symptoms were amnestic aphasia and verbal paraphasia. Only one patient with a constant slow wave EEG focus in the dominant hemisphere had severe receptive symptoms. In all other patients the aphasia recovered rather well, though not totally, but the presence and degree of concomitant neuropsychological disorders were most important for the final outcome.
80 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that Global, Wernicke's, and Transcortical Sensory aphasics perform poorly on the RCPM, and “nonverbal” intelligence is also imparied in aphasic to a variable extent, but 42% of aphasICS performed as well as the controls without brain damage on RCPM.
77 citations
TL;DR: The speech of echolalic autistic children is specifically lacking in appropriate use of expressive-intonational features, but the echlalic child's clear articulation of words and phrases indicates that discrimination of phonemic features is intact.
Abstract: • The speech of echolalic autistic children is (1) specifically lacking in appropriate use of expressive-intonational features, but (2) the echolalic child's clear articulation of words and phrases indicates that discrimination of phonemic features is intact. The impairment in aphasic disorders is just the reverse. Failure to attend to auditory stimuli and the characteristic language disorder are among the most consistent findings in autistic children; they could be related. Discrimination of differential stress emphasis is the way the normal young child extracts major morphemic word stems and syntactic features from environmental speech; this may be a primitive perceptual function of brain stem auditory centers. The brain stem auditory system is especially vulnerable to perinatal injury. Damage to this system is an example of the kind of lesion that might lead to behavioral handicaps without neurological signs.
TL;DR: In this paper, a late case of aphasia, predominantly in the audioreceptive sphere was studied by serial section reconstruction to demonstrate the regions in the anterior superior pulvinar related to the cortical destruction and speech disability.
TL;DR: An auditory comprehension test was devised and administered to a series of aphasic patients and patients with adequate comprehension displayed a uniform tendency to improve on the conditions administered later, while those with impaired comprehension at the start usually did not.
TL;DR: It is suggested that for most aphasics reading and naming are mediated by separated mechanisms, with the ability to read being relatively spared, and that alexics without agraphia achieve most success with short words, irrespective of part of speech.
TL;DR: A 48-year-old woman who suffered a stroke, with sudden onset of apraxia of speech, aphasia, right hemiplegia, and right hemianopsia, found herself able to sing words and phrases that she was unable to say.
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: A comparison of child language with deteriorated language in senile dementia shows the two to be very dissimilar as mentioned in this paper, and the authors reject the notion that aphasias due to localized lesions are simply disturbances in performance (in Chomsky's sense) while the language disturbances in the demented are a simple consequence of underlying thought disorders.
Abstract: A comparison of child language with deteriorated language in senile dementia shows the two to be very dissimilar. The principal language symptoms in dementia are impoverished vocabulary, word groping, repetitiveness, disorders of syntax, semantics, and phonology resembling the paraphasic phenomena in aphasia due to sudden focal lesions. It is proposed that the language disorganization is due to a combination of breakdowns in various functions and processes. The authors reject the notion that aphasias due to localized lesions are simply disturbances in performance (in Chomsky's sense) while the language disturbances in the demented are a simple consequence of underlying thought disorders.
TL;DR: The present investigation examined the role of the right cerebral hemisphere in linguistic perception following a left cerebral insult which had resulted in aphasia and found a significant left-ear preference for aphasic Ss who were more than 6 mo. post-cerebral insult.
Abstract: The present investigation examined the role of the right cerebral hemisphere in linguistic perception following a left cerebral insult which had resulted in aphasia. Auditory dichotic procedures we...
TL;DR: A sentence-reading test was devised in order to assess the aphasic's ability to detect errors in written discourse, and an examination of errors revealed a regular order of difficulty in sentences which featured contradictions to "real-world" knowlege, irrespective of the locus of brain damage.
TL;DR: Therapy in Hebrew had a positive effect on the patient's skill in communication in his home language, according to the results of a study conducted in Hebrew.
Abstract: SummaryA group of 40 bilingual or polygot adult aphasics in Haifa, Israel, were tested and retested after three months speech therapy conducted in Hebrew. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of therapy given in Hebrew on the patient's home language. The Wepman and Jones Language Modality Test of Aphasia (L.M.T.A.) was adapted and translated into Hebrew. A home language questionnaire was also devised in order to compare results before and after therapy both in Hebrew and in the patient's home language. The correlation coefficient between the results on the L.M.T.A. and the patient's home language were significantly high. The results suggest that therapy in Hebrew had a positive effect on the patient's skill in communication in his home language.
TL;DR: The speech and language findings in one patient who underwent chronic hemodialysis therapy are presented and the speech diagnosis is mixed dysarthria, apraxia of speech, and aphasia.
Abstract: The speech and language findings in one patient who underwent chronic hemodialysis therapy are presented. The patient’s degenerating physical status was first signaled by stutteringlike repetitions. The speech diagnosis is mixed dysarthria, apraxia of speech, and aphasia. Clinical implications are discussed.
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: In this article, a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the single components that constitute apraxic movements is presented, and the problem of whether or not there are regularities existing in their sequential order is investigated.
Abstract: Although movement is a mode of human expression and communication comparable to speech, apraxia, unlike aphasia, has been devoted little or no study with respect to the structure of the disorder, e.g. the type of single components within a given motor sequence, so to speak the “vocabulary”, or the sequential order (the “syntax”) of the pathologically distorted movements. We have initiated a program aimed at the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the single components that constitute apraxic movements, and, hopefully, we also plan to study the problem whether or not there are regularities existing in their sequential order. For the purpose of this presentation I am going to limit myself to the syndrome of oral apraxia.
TL;DR: After a survey of views about the localization of the lesion and of earlier descriptive models a neurolinguistic explantation of the characteristic symptoms of Wernicke's aphasia is suggested.
Abstract: Despite the variability of its behavioral manifestations Wernicke's aphasia is considered to be a unitary syndrome. According to the criteria of intelligibility, phonemic and semantic paraphasias in spontaneous speech, 4 forms of Wernicke's aphasia are differentiated: 1) with predominantly semantic paraphasias, 2) with semantic jargon, 3) with predominantly phonemic paraphasias and 4) with phonemic jargon. A severe deficit in language understanding is common to all 4 forms. In addition to phonemic and semantic paraphasias paragrammatism is an outstanding feature of the language production in Wernicke's aphasia. After a survey of views about the localization of the lesion and of earlier descriptive models a neurolinguistic explantation of the characteristic symptoms of Wernicke's aphasia is suggested.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The statistical analysis has established that language rehabilitation has a positive effect on the improvement of oral expression, while the duration of aphasia at the time of the first examination has an equally significant, but negative effect on improvement.
TL;DR: The author is a psychologist who has worked for three years with braindamaged veterans and who continues to do research in this field, and vividly presents several case studies and a detailed discussion of the many different symptom complexes.
Abstract: Trauma, tumor, stroke, and aging are the principal causes of brain damage; the resulting changes in mental activity and personality are even more varied and less well understood. This book discusses these changes, with minimal concern for the anatomical or neuropathological aspects. The author is a psychologist who has worked for three years with braindamaged veterans and who continues to do research in this field. Aphasia as a result of stroke, recognized for centuries, has been carefully studied for the past hundred years, but there still are many areas of disagreement as to its various types and their relationship to the locus of injury. Gardner vividly presents several case studies and a detailed discussion of the many different symptom complexes. He analyzes the relationship between language and thought, giving a fair presentation of opposing viewpoints. Then he considers alexia, agraphia, and agnosia, with more case studies, speculation as to their
TL;DR: The phonemic substitutions of a patient with severe Broca aphasia were analysed to see whether they were sufficiently systematic to guide the design of remedial programmes, and certain rules were described and compared with data from previously reported cases of phonetic disintegration.
Abstract: The phonemic substitutions of a patient with severe Broca aphasia were analysed to see whether they were sufficiently systematic to guide the design of remedial programmes. This yielded certain rul...
TL;DR: The language production of a 23 year old patient with developmental aphasia caused by birth injury was analyzed in detail within the framework of Chomsky's generative grammar and it was suggested that in developmentalAphasia incomplete linguistic generalizations are related to an incomplete maturation of inhibitory functions during language acquisition.
TL;DR: The results indicated that the number of cognitive units within stimuli were a major factor in the number, type, and position of error, and that a segmentation process, both grammatically and phonetically dependent, was operating in the responses.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The Token test was found to be far more sensitive to detect impairment in aphasic subjects than the Sentence Comprehension Test of the Standard Aphasia Battery.
Abstract: A 36-item version of the token test is described together with its administration and scoring instructions. 215 normal subjects, 130 right brain-damaged patients, 50 non aphasic left brain-damaged patients and 106 aphasic patients were given the test. Years of schooling were found to affect significantly the performance of normal subjects; normal data were therefore examined with reference to individual educational background. Cutting scores differentiating normal from pathological performance were determined substracting 2 standard deviations from the means of normals subjects subdivided into four educational groups. Below these scores fell 4.2% of normal subjects, 14% of right brain-damaged patients, 18% of non-aphasic left brain-damaged patients and 90.48% of aphasic patients. Aphasic patients were classified as suffering from Global, Wernicke or Broca aphasia on the grounds of their performance on a Standard Aphasia Battery and the Token test scores of these three groups were compared. A score of 14 points was found to differentiate Broca from Global aphasics and severe from moderate and mild Wernicke aphasics. Broca aphasics were more impaired than Wernicke aphasics on the Token test. When compared to the Sentence Comprehension Test of the Standard Aphasia Battery, the Token test was found to be far more sensitive to detect impairment in aphasic subjects.