Showing papers on "Bark published in 1985"
TL;DR: P pH and Ca-content in the bark are strongly correlated; Ca seems to originate from Ca-uptake through the roots of the phorophyte, and within a single site the soil also seems to be responsible for the variation in the Mg-content of the bark, being correlated with Ca.
Abstract: 119 investigated Quercus trunks and 67 species of lichens, 23 bryophytes and 3 non-lichenized fungi are arranged by means of the Minimum Spanning Tree analysis, resulting in four Lobarion communities and one Parmelion community. Lobarion is restricted to bark with pH > 5.0 in old forests. pH and Ca-content in the bark are strongly correlated; Ca seems to originate from Ca-uptake through the roots of the phorophyte. Within a single site the soil also seems to be responsible for the variation in the Mg-content of the bark, being correlated with Ca. The dominating source of the regionalvariationinMg, however, seems to be marine aerosols. Parmelion caperatae occurs on acid bark of young trees. The bark is, however, rich in Mg. Soluble tannins in the bark decrease with increasing age of the phorophyte, but are probably of minor significance for the epiphytic vegetation.
134 citations
TL;DR: Active compounds isolated from P. oblonga include a novel norsesquiterpene γ-lactone, the tiglic esters of two novel 5,6-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-pyrones, nectriapyrone, 4-hydroxyphenylethanol, 5-methylmellein and furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid.
102 citations
TL;DR: In wounded seedlings the concentration of dehydroabietic acid showed the most significant increase, both in the field and in climate chamber experiments, which was rapid and appeared within 1 week in ...
Abstract: One-year-old Pinussylvestris (L.) seedlings were wounded at the stem base by stripping off stem bark pieces of approximately 10 mm in length and covering about 50% of the stem circumference. The seedlings were thereafter planted out in the field or in a climate chamber. The field experiment was repeated on four different planting dates. Wounded and control seedlings were successively harvested for gas chromatographic determination of changes in resin acid concentrations of the bark surrounding the wounded area. Independent of planting date, wounded seedlings were found to have higher concentrations of total resin acids than corresponding controls. The most important quantitative changes in resin acids were observed for isopimaric, levopimaric + palustric, dehydroabietie, abietic, and neoabietic acid. In wounded seedlings the concentration of dehydroabietic acid showed the most significant increase, both in the field and in climate chamber experiments. This increase was rapid and appeared within 1 week in ...
74 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, eleven major non-polar constituents of the dried bark of Virola elongata were isolated and the structures of virolongin, dihydrosesartemin and β-dihydroyangambin were determined.
65 citations
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, surface area profiles were deduced for needles, shoot axes, branch bark surface, stems and cones from extensive measurements of twelve Scots pine trees at Jadraas, Central Sweden.
Abstract: Vertical profiles of element surface areas of a tree stand are needed in many micrometeorological and related studies, but are very laborious to measure even with low accuracy. Simple models to deduce such distributions are, therefore, highly desirable. In this study, surface area profiles were deduced for needles, shoot axes, branch bark surface, stems and cones from extensive measurements of twelve Scots pine trees at Jadraas, Central Sweden. Errors caused by the small sample were assessed as a quarter of the total area. Non-transpiring “bark” area may amount to a quarter of the total and should not, as usual, be neglected.
53 citations
TL;DR: A new limonoid, 7-acetyltrichilin A, has been isolated from the root bark of Trichilia roka and identified as an antifeedant against North American and Japanese pest insects.
52 citations
TL;DR: Coumarin glucosides, esculin (1) and scopolin (2) were isolated from the bark of Olea africana MILL. as mentioned in this paper The secoiridoid glucoside oleuropein (4) was also isolated from both species.
Abstract: Coumarin glucosides, esculin (1) and scopolin (2), were isolated from the bark of Olea africana MILL. (O. europaea L. subsp. africana (MILL.) GREEN) while isoscopoletin-β-D-glucoside (magnolioside) (3) was isolated from the bark of Olea capensis L. The secoiridoid glucoside oleuropein (4) was also isolated from both species.
50 citations
TL;DR: Two biologically active coumarins, scopoletin (1) and isofraxidin (2), along with known coumarin, esculetin (3), fraxetin (4), esculin (5) and fraxin (6), were newly isolated from the bark of Fraxinus japonica BLUME (Oleaceae).
Abstract: Two biologically active coumarins, scopoletin (1) and isofraxidin (2), along with known coumarins, esculetin (3), fraxetin (4), esculin (5) and fraxin (6), were newly isolated from the bark of Fraxinus japonica BLUME (Oleaceae). On the other hand, the bark of F. mandshurica RUPR. var. japonica MAXIM gave only known coumarins, fraxetin (4), fraxinol (7) and mandshurin (8).
43 citations
TL;DR: A potential indirect technique for determining fine root biomass and production is reported for Douglas-fir and data show a direct correlation between the starch content of a 1 cm wide band of living bark at breast height per hectare andfine root biomass per hectar.
Abstract: A potential indirect technique for determining fine root biomass and production is reported for Douglas-fir. Present data show a direct correlation between the starch content of a 1 cm wide band of living bark at breast height per hectare and fine root biomass per hectare (r2 = 0.85).
41 citations
01 Jan 1985
39 citations
TL;DR: The new diterpenes, deoxocarnosol 12-methyl ether, salvicanol and 6α-hydroxydemethylcryptojaponol have been isolated from the bark of the roots of Salvia canariensis.
TL;DR: The transformation of poplar bark during humification was studied in this paper, where data were reported on the pH, ash, organic carbon and total nitrogen contents of products at different stages of humifications (0, 3, 6, 12, 30 and 84 months).
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this article, the average green weight of wood and bark can be greatly affected by moisture content, and average moisture content percentages and green weight conversion factors are presented for 42 tree species groups.
Abstract: Green weight of wood and bark can be greatly affected by moisture content. Average moisture content percentages and green weight conversion factors are presented for 42 tree species groups. Equations are also presented to compute average green weight of tops and limbs as well as stumps.
TL;DR: Moisture content and bark percentage fluctuated considerably from one year to another but showed a slight increase from the high to the medium and low specific gravity groups.
Abstract: Specific gravity, moisture content of the wood, and stem bark percentages in 1-year-old shoots of 20 Salix (L.) clones originating from natural and artificial stands in Sweden were measured for 3 y...
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: The ethyl acetate extracts of fruits and bark of Acacia nilotica, tomentosa and astringens, showed the highest molluscicidal activity against snail species Bulinus truncatus and Biomphalaria pfeifferi.
Abstract: The ethyl acetate extracts of fruits and bark of Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Del subsp. nilotica, tomentosa and astringens, showed the highest molluscicidal activity against snail species Bulinus truncatus and Biomphalaria pfeifferi. This was due mainly to the flavanol derivatives isolated from the tannin extracts and characterized as (-)-epigallocatechin-7-gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin-5,7-digallate. It was found also that the ethyl acetate extracts of 20 Acacia species and subspecies growing in the Sudan were active against the snails, which was due to the presence of the above mentioned (-)-epigallocatechin derivatives.
TL;DR: A new substituted flavanone, named cudraflavanone A, was isolated from the root bark of Carpathia tricuspidata (Carr.) Bur as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A new isoprene substituted flavanone ( 1), named cudraflavanone A, was isolated from the root bark of CUDRANIA TRICUSPIDATA (Carr.) Bur. together with three known flavonoids, cycloartocarpesin ( 2), populnin ( 3), and quercimeritrin ( 4). The structure of 1 was determined on the basis of the spectral evidence and the total synthesis. The structure of euchrestaflavanone C ( 5) which had been isolated from EUCHRESTA JAPONICA Hook, f. ex Regel was also determined on the basis of the total synthesis.
TL;DR: From the root bark of V. calyculata, eight benzisochromanquinones have been isolated from the root of the tree as discussed by the authors, including 3,4,5,10-tetrahydro- cis -1,3-dimethyl-1H-naphtho[2,3]-pyran-5, 10-quinones related to eleutherin.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Significant antifungal effects were observed on the growth media treated with bark extracts of C. ovata and Q. rubra, and near complete mortality was observed with the P. strobus extracts.
Abstract: Screening trials were conducted to determine the antitermitic and antifungal properties of acetone: hexane: water (A:H:W) bark extracts obtained from five northeastern trees: Pinus resinosa, P. strobus, Carya ovata Mill., Quercus rubra , and Acer rubrum. Extract-treated (0.07 g/ml) cellulose pads were used to evaluate antitermitic properties, while extract-treated (0.01 and 0.1 g/ml) glucose-asparagine growth media inoculated with Lenzites trabea were used to evaluate antifungal properties. Complete termite mortality occurred on cellulose pads treated with the extracts from C. ovata and Q. rubra. Near complete mortality was observed with the P. strobus extracts. Significant antifungal effects were observed on the growth media treated with bark extracts of C. ovata, Q. rubra , and P. strobus. Flasks treated with extracts at the 0.1 g/ml levels exhibited the greater effect.
TL;DR: The wood and bark of Phoebe pittieri afforded 1,2,3-trimethoxy-9,10-methylenedioxynoraporphine and 1, 2,9-tricyclicoxy-10-hydroxynorparphine (norPORPHINE), which are new alkaloids as mentioned in this paper.
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: Etude de la depolymerisation de la suberine d'ecorce de bouleau et des reactions associees de ses monomeres as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Etude de la depolymerisation de la suberine d'ecorce de bouleau et des reactions associees de ses monomeres
TL;DR: Two new naphthalene derivatives and three naphthoquinones have been found in the root bark of Ventilago maderaspatana as discussed by the authors, and their structures are 2-acetyl-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1,8-methylenedioxynaphthalenes (ventilaginone) and 1,3-dihydro-6-9-dimihydroxy-7, 8-dimethylnaphthoxy-1-maderone.
TL;DR: It is suggested that hydrostatic pressure in the wood, which is positive in the spring and negative in the autumn, is a major determinant of the volume of DWC and hence of wood that is susceptible to decay.
Abstract: Summary
Red maple (Acer rubrum L.) stems (15–25 cm diam. at breast height) were wounded in the autumn or spring with horizontal, 1-cm wide chain-saw cuts 4 to 6 cm deep and 10 to 16 cm long. Wound occlusion (VO, vertical occlusion, at the wound side), bark dieback (BD, failure of horizontal occlusion above and below the wound), and the length of discoloured wood columns (DWC) were recorded after two growing seasons. For 93 trees (one wound each), correlations between lengths of BD and DWC were not significantly different above and below the wound (r= 0.58 and 0.56, respectively), with DWC being 2 to 3 times the length of BD. Corresponding correlations between the VO rating and the length of DWC were 0.41 and 0.38 (no significant difference). Compared with wounds made in the autumn, wounds made in spring caused less BD, greater VO, and shorter DWC. It is suggested that hydrostatic pressure in the wood, which is positive in the spring and negative in the autumn, is a major determinant of the volume of DWC and hence of wood that is susceptible to decay.
TL;DR: On etudie les conditions optimales pour obtenir le meilleur rendement lors de lextraction des polyphenols de l'ecorce de pin this paper.
Abstract: On etudie les conditions optimales pour obtenir le meilleur rendement lors de l'extraction des polyphenols de l'ecorce de pin
TL;DR: In this article, two degraded limonoids have been isolated from the trunk bark of Fagaropsis glabra and the structure of isofraxinellone was determined by physical and chemical methods.
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the following:1.29.1.1 r.r.t. 2.5.1 2.2 r.w.1
Abstract: r.29.2
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, an etude experimentale montre qu'on peut remplacer jusqu'a 20% de resine phenolique par de l'extrait d'ecorce de Picea abies pour coller du contre-plaque.
Abstract: Une etude experimentale montre qu'on peut remplacer jusqu'a 20% de resine phenolique par de l'extrait d'ecorce de Picea abies pour coller du contre-plaque. Divers solvants d'extraction ont ete essayes (eau plus NaOH, Na 2 SO 3 , SO 2 ou methanol)
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: This paper describes a utilization system that has promise of converting these hardwoods from liability to asset, and at the same time easing site preparation for succeeding plantations.
Abstract: For every cubic foot of pine on southern pine sites, there is about 0.8 cubic foot of hardwood. The shaping-lathe headrig, now in the final stages of commercialization, is a key to utilizing these small mixed hardwoods for paYets and industrial lumber. Lathe residues in the form of flakes can be the raw material for a new major industry manufacturing exterior structural flakeboard competitive in price andfunction with sheathing grades of plywood. Other likely uses for lathe residues include manufacture of pulp, medium-density particleboard, and molded composi!es of foamed resin and match-size wood particles. to 8 inches in d.b.h. predominating. Figure I illustrates a stand on easy terrain in central Louisiana. Mountain sites and more scattered stands present harder tasks to the converter. Over the years, countless attempts to use pine-site hardwoods have been thwarted by the diversity of species, scattered occurrence of trees, smallness and shortness of boles, branchiness of crowns, and prevalence of knots. Further, most species have a wood specific gravity about 15 percent greater than that of southern pine, and hence it is difficult to make reconstituted panel products whose weight does not exceed that presently acceptable to the trade. Recent demand for paper, however, has given great impetus to whole-tree chipping of mixed hardwoods to yield barky chips for southern pulpmills. This development will substantially increase drain on the hardwood resource. Simultaneously demand has increased for hardwood pallets and for roof sheathing panels to be used under shingles on houses. On a weight basis, lumber and structural panel products are worth several times more than pulp chips. It therefore seems logical that tree portions that can be converted to lumber and panel products should be so converted, with the remainder chipped for pulping. This has been the course of development in the southern pine industry (2, 4, 5) and will likely be the course for hardwoods if a newly developed shaping-lathe headrig (6, 7) proves as workable ,as it appears. Shaping Lathe Headrig Chipping headrigs used in the conversion of southern pine cut in the 90-0 and 90-90 modes (fig. 2), are best applied to logs 8 feet or more in length without butt swell, crook, or sweep. Products are cants to be resawn into structural lumber, and the peripheral wood is removed as pulp chips. The cants characteristically display some torn grain around knots. A prototype headrig cutting in the 0-90 mode was flTst demonstrated more than 10 years ago (1, 3) and now nears commercial application (6). Operating on the principle of a shaping lathe, it is particularly adapted to short logs of irregular contour, since it relies for workpiece position on end chucks rather than on through-fe~d chains or rolls. Smoothness of the machined surfaces approaches that of millwork. In contrast to other headrigs, this version can readily produce rounds, hexagons, octagons, and trapezoids as well as square or rectangular cants. Thus it lends itself to the manufacture of pallet parts and other industriallumber, together with posts and rails for fencO ff-site hardwoods, growing on land better suited for southern pines, have posed a problem to foresters for decades. Such trees have generally been uneconomic to harvest. If left undisturbed, they occupy space better used by pines, but to destroy them during site preparation for pine plantations is an expensive operation, whether attempted by bulldozing, chaining, or chemical applications. This paper describes a utilization system that has promise of converting these hardwoods from liability.to asset, and at the same time easing site preparation for succeeding plantations.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Chips of Quercus stellata and Ulmus pumila were used as components of container growth media for Pyracantha X Mojave and Liquidambar formosana as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Chips of Quercus stellata and Ulmus pumila were used as components of container growth media for Pyracantha X Mojave and Liquidambar formosana. Both species grew at least as well in the wood chip media as in conventional pine bark medium. Micronutrients were of little benefit to plants in the oak chip medium but did increase plant growth in the elm chip medium. Drainable pore space decreased markedly during the growing season, indicating decomposition; however, roots appeared normal when the study ended. Adding N above the level generally used with a pine bark medium did not improve growth. 17 references.