Showing papers on "Cataloging published in 2012"
TL;DR: This review tracked literature published from 2005 that focused on academic librarians’ best practices for acquiring, cataloging, maintaining, and promoting e-books at their institutions and found practices including implementing trial accesses, considering institutional requirements, and utilizing the library Web site for promotional efforts.
Abstract: Library Journal's 2011 Ebook Penetration and Use in US Libraries Survey testifies to e-books’ increasing popularity in academic libraries This review tracked literature published from 2005 that focused on academic librarians’ best practices for acquiring, cataloging, maintaining, and promoting e-books at their institutions Some of these practices include implementing trial accesses, considering institutional requirements, providing an e-book presence in the library catalog, monitoring usage statistics, and utilizing the library Web site for promotional efforts
47 citations
Patent•
24 Feb 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a system for cataloging content metadata from a variety of sources and providing metadata to client devices by assigning confidence scores metadata fields from each data record, and use these confidence scores to select the metadata that is transmitted to the client device.
Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for cataloging content metadata from a variety of sources and providing metadata to client devices. A processing device receives inconsistent data records representative of a common content element, with different values for a metadata field descriptive of a common attribute of the content element. The processor assign confidence scores metadata fields from each data record, and use these confidence scores to select the metadata that is transmitted to the client device.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a framework of the stages in the e-book management process is generated; the framework summarizes the key activities and associated issues and challenges for each stage, and also offers insights into the challenges and issues associated with each stage.
36 citations
TL;DR: This book has its good points, and I found some parts of it interesting, especially some of the topics such as multimedia searching and the issue of non-English languages in information retrieval, but it tries to cover too much and so does not do justice to any of the Topics.
Abstract: When I saw the title of this book, I thought it would be interesting to revisit some of the concepts and issues that I have not really considered since library school. Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval tries to do that, as it states in the preface:
The primary audience I have in mind comprises students of library and information science programmes, both at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels…[T]his book is expected to meet the requirements of students undertaking courses in information retrieval, information organization, information use, digital libraries, and so on. (p. xi)
Chapters 1–22 have an introduction, which gives a brief overview of what will be covered, and a discussion at the end of the chapter. Chapter 23 serves as a synopsis of the book and an analysis of what the author sees as upcoming trends in information retrieval. Each chapter has a fairly extensive reference list. The introductory chapters cover basic topics such as cataloging, indexing, abstracting, and subject headings. Well-known and well-discussed issues such as recall versus precision, user interfaces, and vocabulary control are covered in other chapters throughout the book. Other topics that are particularly relevant to today's search environment such as web-based searching, markup languages, and searching digital libraries are covered as well.
Chapter 13 discusses the evaluation of institutional repository (IR) systems, and although the subject is decently covered, there is almost no discussion of the steps in the process of evaluation. Chapter 14 covers evaluation experiments, which could probably be skipped by an undergraduate but might be relevant to a graduate student. The author spends several pages in chapter 15 explaining how to search DIALOG as an example of online searching (as opposed to web-based searching) and then at the end of the discussion states that there are better interfaces to use. So why not use one of those other interfaces as an example? Most of the rest of chapter 15 is taken up by a discussion of CD-ROM searching. Both systems are still used, but a whole chapter is certainly not warranted. Chapter 16 does a good job of reviewing information retrieval in multimedia formats, including music and speech, but more discussion of the many video formats, such as DVR, would have been useful.
The author spends almost no time discussing issues such as the economics of searching, although at times cost is mentioned. He mentions social networking once, in passing, in the discussion of web searching. The author also includes too much detail in many of his chapters, such as the algorithms used in one particular system in chapter 6 on automatic indexing.
There are many editing problems with this book, the most significant being the number of screen shots that are too fuzzy to be seen. The index is barely adequate, and a glossary of terms would be helpful.
I did expect that information retrieval has changed in some ways since I was in library school, and, of course it has, although many of the issues have not. This book has its good points, and I found some parts of it interesting, especially some of the topics such as multimedia searching and the issue of non-English languages in information retrieval. Unfortunately, it tries to cover too much and so does not do justice to any of the topics. As a potential text for students, it does not really cover the subjects adequately. At $90, the money could probably be better spent on another book.
20 citations
TL;DR: Results of a study that used FRBR model as an analytical framework in examination of user search queries in a large-scale digital library provide empirical data to inform the development of RDA sections that cover subject access, particularly subject entities and relationships.
Abstract: One of the central functions of bibliographic control is providing subject access. However, numerous studies conducted over decades have shown that users routinely experience problems with subject access in library catalogs and databases. These problems are often due to inadequate quality of subject metadata, which is greatly influenced by complexity of subject representation. The fact that major cataloging standards (e.g., AACR2 and its predecessors) have been overlooking the importance of subject access and have not addressed subject cataloging is arguably one of the reasons behind problems in organization of subject access. The new cataloging code—Resource Description and Access (RDA)—attempts to fill this gap. Upon examination of how subject access is addressed in RDA and its underlying conceptual models that specify functional requirements for bibliographic control—FRBR, FRAD, and FRSAD—this article presents results of a study that used FRBR model as an analytical framework in examination of user sea...
20 citations
TL;DR: The results of an investigation of a random sample of 348 books from a total population of 385,173 titles available from ninety-three fee-based publication services in 2008 provide a baseline “snapshot” of books available in 2008, a time when the self-publishing industry was established but was still small enough to study overall.
Abstract: The number of books published by authors using fee-based publication services, such as Lulu and AuthorHouse, is overtaking the number of books published by mainstream publishers, according to Bowker’s 2009 annual data. Little empirical research exists on self-published books. This article presents the results of an investigation of a random sample of 348 books from a total population of 385,173 titles available from ninety-three fee-based publication services in 2008. Major findings include publication patterns within the nontraditional publishing industry, availability of self-published titles online and in libraries, state of bibliographic and cataloging control, and subject content of self-published books. The findings provide a baseline “snapshot” of books available from publication services in 2008, a time when the self-publishing industry was established but was still small enough to study overall. The article concludes with implications for librarians from this study of self-published books.
17 citations
TL;DR: The findings showed that concerning specific subject areas, taggers exhibited different tagging behaviors representing distinctive features and tendencies, which led to the conclusion that there should be an increased awareness of diverse user needs by subject in terms of the practical implications of metadata generation.
Abstract: This study employs the FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) conceptual model to provide in-depth investigation on the characteristics of social tags by analyzing the bibliographic attributes of tags that are not limited to subject properties. FRBR describes four different levels of entities (i.e., Work, Expression, Manifestation, and Item), which provide a distinguishing understanding of each entity in the bibliographic universe. In this research, since the scope of data analysis focuses on tags assigned to web documents, consideration on Manifestation and Item has been excluded. Accordingly, only the attributes of Work and Expression entity were investigated in order to map the attributes of tags to attributes defined in those entities. The content analysis on tag attributes was conducted on a total of 113 web documents regarding 11 attribute categories defined by FRBR. The findings identified essential bibliographic attributes of tags and tagging behaviors by subject. The findings showed that concerning specific subject areas, taggers exhibited different tagging behaviors representing distinctive features and tendencies. These results have led to the conclusion that there should be an increased awareness of diverse user needs by subject in terms of the practical implications of metadata generation.
17 citations
TL;DR: This study examined the preliminary training that has occurred and will occur in the future, as well as the perceptions of cataloging department heads toward RDA, and found that many of the essential components for RDA training have been included in preliminary training.
Abstract: This study examined the preliminary training that has occurred and will occur in the future, as well as the perceptions of cataloging department heads toward RDA (Resource Description and Access) in American academic libraries. Previous research indicates that the successful adoption of new cataloging rules relies on the strength and elements included in the training offered to and required of individuals in the library cataloging community. This study found that many of the essential components for RDA training have been included in preliminary training. Now that a decision has been made by the Library of Congress, this study identified room for improvement in some areas of RDA training prior to adoption.
16 citations
TL;DR: An in-depth study presenting the new cataloging code, RDA (Resource Description and Access) and its relationship to technology and its origin, what it represents and its implications for cataloging are analyzed.
Abstract: An in-depth study presenting the new cataloging code, RDA (Resource Description and Access) and its relationship to technology. Its origin, what it represents and its implications for cataloging are analyzed. The state of bibliographic control and the foundations of the new cataloging code are reviewed. Details are presented concerning its structure, changes and advantages of being based on the FRBR model. Reference is also made to RDA’s adoption by the international community. Finally, the article sets forth the changes and doubts that RDA prompts. The exhaustive bibliographic review permits the identification of the most significant changes as well as the pros and cons. Likewise, a detailed study of the Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records (FRBR) and the Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD) enables a better understanding of the new code’s instructions, connections and relationships to them.
16 citations
TL;DR: The author's Quality Matters peer-review process is discussed as is the potential of the Quality Matters rubric to improve online cataloging courses.
Abstract: Quality Matters is a program that certifies online and hybrid courses. For a course to earn Quality Matters certification, it must meet eight standards of online course design and pass a rigorous peer-review process. In fall 2008, this author's online Cataloging and Classification course went through the Quality Matters peer-review process and was awarded Quality Matters certification. It is the only cataloging course in the nation to earn this certification. The author's Quality Matters peer-review process is discussed as is the potential of the Quality Matters rubric to improve online cataloging courses.
29 Oct 2012
TL;DR: The ICH cataloging card for the inventory of intangible cultural heritage on the web, which is one of the results of the E.I.CH.
Abstract: The E.CH.I. project involves the definition, implementation, population and search of a Register of the intangible cultural legacy of trans-border Italo-Suisse heritage, aiming to design such a register in line with the new heritage paradigm proposed by Unesco. In this paper we will present the ICH cataloging card for the inventory of intangible cultural heritage on the web, which is one of the results of the E.CH.I. project, integrated in the AESS database that stores information concerning the oral history of the Italian Lombardy territory.
TL;DR: How each of these types of resources is modeled according to FRBROO is examined, including manuscripts, hand-press resources, annotated copies of printed books, art prints, and ephemera and clippings files.
Abstract: Both the library and the museum communities have developed conceptual models for the information they produce about the collections they hold: FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) and CIDOC CRM (Conceptual Reference Model). But neither proves perfectly adequate when it comes to some specific types of rare and unique materials: manuscripts, hand-press resources, annotated copies of printed books, art prints, and ephemera and clippings files. However, a combination of these two models, named FRBROO, solves the problem. The article examines in detail how each of these types of resources is modeled according to FRBROO.
TL;DR: In Fall 2010, in the Music Library at the University of North Texas, a subgroup of the full-time music catalogers were both participating in the U.S. National RDA Test and overseeing the cataloging of a large gift of scores.
Abstract: This article discusses Resource Description and Access (RDA) and new catalogers' errors in Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd ed. (AACR2).
TL;DR: In this article, a balance between theory and practice is suggested through the establishment of a set of core theoretical topics to be covered in the first part of the cataloging class; Web-based modular elements to be included in the second part will focus on cataloging practice in specific kinds of libraries.
Abstract: Cataloging librarianship has a tradition of innovation. Currently, professional and instructional innovations must be considered in a new Cataloging curriculum. Using as a framework Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation, this reflective study explores one solution being considered at the University of Missouri while revising the Cataloging curriculum. A balance between theory and practice is suggested through the establishment of a set of core theoretical topics to be covered in the first part of the Cataloging class; Web-based modular elements to be covered in the second part will focus on cataloging practice in specific kinds of libraries.
TL;DR: The article begins by describing the possible characteristics of a catalog interface built to leverage a future FRBR bibliographic framework and discussing the viability of a FRBR-ized catalog interface, then examines current trends in interface design.
Abstract: The article begins by describing the possible characteristics of a catalog interface built to leverage a future FRBR bibliographic framework and discussing the viability of a FRBR-ized catalog interface. The author then examines current trends in interface design, which leverage conventional cataloging data structures. This survey of the literature is followed by recommendations for adapting cataloging practices to enhance the efficacy of current interface designs. The author concludes by proposing that catalogers have a choice to make about the direction of functional cataloging initiatives.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, a qualitative metasynthesis of both the literature of library architecture and the history of school libraries was undertaken in order to increase librarians' awareness of classical forms which influence design decisions into the twenty-first century.
Abstract: School libraries and media centers today are embracing the idea of the "learning commons," an approach to learning which makes use of the facility's physical openness and group meeting places to facilitate current shifts towards computer-based resource sharing and collaborative student projects. How can libraries yet to make this transition reverse a prior, mid-twentieth-century architectural bent toward segmentation of school library resources from the surrounding institution, and implement a more inclusive school library design? The open library paradigm is shown to represent a return to the principles of the earliest democratic libraries and repositories in the Western tradition. A qualitative metasynthesis of both the literature of library architecture and of the history of school libraries was undertaken in order to increase librarians' awareness of classical forms which influence design decisions into the twenty-first century. Introduction School librarians today perform many activities in their libraries including reference, cataloging, research instruction, reader's advisory, collection development, and facilitating group discussions. One or two school librarians may carry out these functions which in larger library institutions are assigned to dozens or hundreds of librarians. Additionally, school librarians today coordinate their work with academic teachers and with school-wide developments in curricula and learning techniques. Studying individual school libraries reveals them to serve as a kind of professional microcosm with valuable corollaries for the librarianship profession in general. As school librarians and principals consider the role and function of school libraries in the life of an institution, an awareness of architectural elements which support desired outcomes can be valuable. In the 1990s, library administrators proposed that academic libraries reinvent their services to support student learning by providing access to electronic resources. In their view, the research commons would enable librarians to assist students in interacting and learning with digital technologies, while also provisioning space for small group work, projects using digital (and nondigital) technologies, and tutoring in various subject areas. Since the first discussions of the "learning / information commons" in that decade (Beagle, 1999; White, Beatty, & Warren, 2010), librarians continue to incorporate developments in facilities planning and investments in technology as key components, and the idea of the commons is steadily being adopted in school libraries. Bennett (2003, p. 37-38) defines "learning commons" and "information commons" separately, but in this paper, I reflect the term used by the source consulted, and also I acknowledge that both schools and school libraries are oriented toward younger (K-12) students' learning. With the framework of the school learning commons in mind, this study seeks to integrate examples from classical libraries, from libraries of the Middle Ages, and from nineteenth-century American libraries into the discussion of a commons, with a goal of informing future design decisions in school library facilities. As in architecture more generally, library architecture may be guided by three notions which reflect the surrounding environment: structure, utility, and beauty, or as the Roman Vitruvius stated, firmitas, utilitas, venustas (Bruce, 1986). Recognizing both the role of the library as a central meeting space and the increased use of digital tools to conduct academic research, librarians and administrators continue to transform the library space into an "information commons," an environment which fulfils needs for work and study spaces while making accessible organized shelves and exhibitions of materials by adopting an open design principle. This principle is explored in a qualitative metasynthesis of research on library architecture and the evolution of school libraries, beginning prior to ancient Greece. …
TL;DR: What internal users of the catalog will find familiar in the new type of records and what will require a learning curve are shed on.
Abstract: Reference librarians' work will be affected by the upcoming change in cataloging standards from the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules to the Resource Description and Access (RDA). Reference librarians were asked to give their perceptions about RDA records. They found that RDA records were comparable in terms of quality and quantity of information. However, terms used in new fields that provide format information lacked clarity. RDA records live compatibly with their Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules counterparts but do have distinctive differences. This study sheds light on what internal users of the catalog will find familiar in the new type of records and what will require a learning curve.
TL;DR: This study develops conceptual themes that emerged and reveals the role ascribed to Web 2.0 and to semantic web technologies in libraries and the importance of enriching information objects with metadata that better conveys the various perspectives of users.
Abstract: This article aims to contribute to the discussion on user-generated metadata. It presents the perspectives of eleven purposefully selected library and information science (LIS) academics and postgraduates on optimality of standards-based versus socially constructed metadata approaches and develops conceptual themes that emerged, which include the obsolescence of the Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) in relation to web search engines, the preference of users for searching versus browsing, and the proliferation of extant metadata standards resulting in interoperability challenges. This study also reveals the role ascribed to Web 2.0 and to semantic web technologies in libraries and the importance of enriching information objects with metadata that better conveys the various perspectives of users. Finally, the importance of underpinning metadata decisions with sound theoretical foundations is identified.
TL;DR: This study reveals that there are different perspectives of what is introduced by FRBR as the cataloging object in the context of various interpretations of the model, namely Resource Description and Access (RDA), FRBRization projects, and FRBROO.
Abstract: Libraries face a double challenge in the digital age: both the describing framework and the describing object are under change. Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) attempts to generate a coherent theory and yield a new Paradigm of cataloging. This study deploys current conceptualizations of the FRBR Group 1 entities within the FRBR models family with a view to semantic interoperability. FRBR cannot be considered as simple metadata describing a specific resource but more like some kind of knowledge related to the resource. This study reveals that there are different perspectives of what is introduced by FRBR as the cataloging object in the context of various interpretations of the model, namely Resource Description and Access (RDA), FRBRization projects, and FRBROO.
TL;DR: A new way of cataloging serials using linked data and Resource Description Framework (RDF) is proposed, as well as how the concepts of Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) can be expanded to apply to journal content at both the journal level and the article level.
Abstract: This article proposes a new way of cataloging serials using linked data and Resource Description Framework (RDF), as well as how the concepts of Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) can be expanded to apply to journal content at both the journal level and the article level, all with an eye toward ease of access and understanding for users.
TL;DR: Technical service personnel who establish policies with the information needed to establish standards for copy cataloging RDA records, particularly monographs are provided.
Abstract: The Library of Congress and other national libraries will adopt Resource Description and Access (RDA) on March 31, 2013, but RDA is already an established cataloging code. Copy catalogers are likely to encounter RDA records in the near future, and need local standards to guide their work. This article provides technical service personnel who establish policies with the information needed to establish standards for copy cataloging RDA records, particularly monographs. An example of one successful standard, that of Kent State University Libraries, is provided for readers to adopt or adapt.
23 Sep 2012
TL;DR: Through domain analysis and cataloging real-world examples while attempting to develop a formal metadata schema for video games, the author encountered challenges in description.
Abstract: As interest in video games increases, so does the need for intelligent access to them. However, traditional organization systems and standards fall short. Through domain analysis and cataloging real-world examples while attempting to develop a formal metadata schema for video games, we encountered challenges in description. Inconsistent, vague, and subjective sources of information for genre, release date, feature, region, language, developer and publisher information confirm the imporatnce of developing a standardized description model for video games.
TL;DR: The results show that approximately 4.4% of the 2009 bibliographic records in the AMICUS catalog exhibit a work-to-work bibliographical relationship.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of Canadian publications by analyzing their bibliographic relationships based on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) model. The study indicates frequencies of occurrence of work-to-work bibliographic relationships for manifestations published in 2009 and cataloged in the AMICUS online catalog. The results show that approximately 4.4% of the 2009 bibliographic records in the AMICUS catalog exhibit a work-to-work bibliographic relationship.
TL;DR: The new code includes fewer case-based rules, but some specialized instructions remain for music materials, and some highlights for music include consistent use of the term "score" for notated music not in part-format, and a new way of consistently naming librettos.
Abstract: The development of Resource Description & Access (RDA) (1) as a replacement code for the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2d edition, 1998 revision (AACR2),(2) stemmed from repeated calls to revise the cataloging rules to better accommodate the ever-evolving types of resources that libraries acquire. For example, the papers presented at a meeting of experts in 1997 at the International Conference on the Principles and Future Development of AACR explored various contentious topics, such as content versus carrier, issues related to seriality, and the definition of a work.(3) In 2004, the Committee of Principals for AACR appointed an editor to create an initial draft of AACR3, to take these and other issues into account. At that point, no one foresaw the final direction the new code would take. It evolved over six years with changes in name, organization, content, and the vision for how cataloging records can interoperate with other data on the Internet as we move into the future. This article explores the development of RDA in relation to current cataloging standards, with a particular emphasis on the impact its implementation will have on description and access for music materials. After reviewing RDA's foundations and how stakeholders were involved in RDA development and review, the article highlights unique aspects of RDA, how its data can be used within and beyond MARC, and explores some significant changes from AACR2. The concluding sections focus on RDA testing, revision, and implementation. RDA'S FOUNDATIONS In spite of the changes throughout its development, RDA remains deeply rooted in Anglo-American cataloging traditions while also aligning with newer international conceptual models, such as the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) (4) and the Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD).(5) In addition, the International Federation of Library Association's (IFLA) recent "Statement of International Cataloguing Principles,"(6) under development concurrently with RDA, informed the new code's overall objectives and principles. RDA DEVELOPMENT AND REVIEW Interested stakeholders, including specialized communities, have played a significant part in RDA's development. Members of MLA's Bibliographic Control Committee reviewed each draft, providing detailed comments on issues related to description and access for music resources. MLA's suggestions and examples were often incorporated into RDA.(7) A CONTENT STANDARD RDA, unlike AACR2, is strictly a content standard. It contains few rules about punctuation, order, and formatting. Display and encoding standards, such as ISBD: International Standard Bibliographic Description (8) and MARC21 bibliographic and authority formats9 are relegated to appendices; they are not integrated into the instructions or examples. RDA'S ORGANIZATION AND PHILOSOPHY While many of the AACR2 rules migrated to RDA, they no longer appear in the same order or context, forcing catalogers to look at the instructions differently. RDA's organization follows the framework laid out by FRBR and FRAD, grouping instructions by entity and describing separate data elements and their attributes. Because of this structure, RDA does not organize instructions by the ISBD areas of description, nor does it contain separate chapters that lay out the rules for descriptive cataloging by format. Rather, all instructions relating to a particular element, such as title, are grouped together and apply to all resources. These organizational changes will enable RDA to remain flexible as library resources evolve; existing instructions can be extended to new formats in a way that was not possible under AACR2. In a variation on AACR2's levels of description, RDA specifies which elements are core, or essential, to include when describing a resource or identifying a person or corporate body. In some cases, core elements are conditional. …
Proceedings Article•
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: This research work presents a system that allow the organization of a set of teaching and learning activities and meets, at its highest level of detail all the elements that compose the curriculum: setting goals and content, design and development of activities and evaluation, organization of space and time, and providing the necessary resources.
17 Sep 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a new way of cataloging serials using linked data and Resource Description Framework (RDF) is proposed, as well as how the concepts of Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) can be expanded to apply to journal content at both the journal level and the article level, with an eye toward ease of access and understanding for users.
Abstract: This article proposes a new way of cataloging serials using linked data and Resource Description Framework (RDF), as well as how the concepts of Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) can be expanded to apply to journal content at both the journal level and the article level, all with an eye toward ease of access and understanding for users. This is an Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published in Journal of Library Metadata, September 2012, available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/19386389.2012.699834
TL;DR: The Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) model has been the main framework of reference for the new Italian cataloging rules and is based on a new thorough analysis of the phenomena to be reflected, organized, and made accessible via the catalog.
Abstract: The Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) model has been the main framework of reference for the new Italian cataloging rules. The code puts the work at the center of the catalog and of the rules because users are mostly interested in works and the most wanted works are increasingly available in multiple manifestations. Every work should be identified in the catalog and responsibility relations should be recorded at the proper level. The code is tailored to the specific needs of library cataloging and based on a new thorough analysis of the phenomena to be reflected, organized, and made accessible via the catalog.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This study interviewed nine eminent scholars and activists of FOSS thorough phone, chat, e-mail, video chat, etc and got their point of view about the FOSS movement in Pakistan to fill the gap in literature about FOSS Movement in Pakistan.
Abstract: 1- Background of the Study Free and Open Source Software, usually abbreviated as FOSS, F/OSS or simply OSS is a very important and popular category of software in the world. Richard Stallman (A long time Programmer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology - MIT from 1971 to 1983) founded the movement and introduced GNU (Abbreviation of GNU's Not Unix) manifesto. The purpose of GNU project was to develop a UNIX like Free and Open Source Operating System to be launched under a public license, GPL (General Public License). Linus Torvalds, a second year student at the University of Helsinki developed a UNIX like operating system in 1991 which is known as Linux now. The outcome of this movement is a long list of very useful Free and Open Source Software in every category of life. FOSS software are very popular in every continent of the world. Libraries in all over the world adopted the software system for cataloging, classification and dissemination of information. In Pakistan, FOSS Movement is relatively at early stage and the movement is spreading slowly but steadily. Although a few articles are available about the perception of LIS community towards FOSS and adoption but there is a need to record the history of FOSS Movement in Pakistan. This study is an effort to fill this gap in literature about FOSS Movement in Pakistan. 2- Problem Statement and Objectives of the Study Free and Open Source Software Movement has provided alternatives for almost each category of information management systems. Libraries of Pakistan are also adopting Free and Open Source Software for daily tasks of libraries including Integrated Library Systems, Digital Library Systems, Content Management Systems, etc. Professional associations of library and information science (ILS) and individuals have contributed a lot for the promotion of this movement and FOSS in Pakistan by creating awareness among library professionals and by taking active part in the development and customization of favorite library software in last few years. The objective of this study is to keep the record of all these efforts of professional bodies and individuals. Another objective of the study is to find out the hurdles involved in the promotion of FOSS in Pakistan. 3- Methodology Literature review and interviews of the eminent experts of Free and Open Source Software in country has been chosen to conduct this study. For this purpose the researchers interviewed nine eminent scholars and activists of FOSS thorough phone, chat, e-mail, video chat, etc (List of respondents is given as Annex I) and got their point of view about the FOSS movement in Pakistan. For this purpose a semi-structured interview method was used and questions related to the history of FOSS, their role and activities in this movement, future of FOSS and suggestions for the promotion of FOSS were asked. Also the activities of these individuals have been noted from the archives of major LISTSERVS (PakLAG, Librarianwelfare, Libcoop, etc). Archives of official websites of library science professional bodies have been used too. For this purpose the information has been recorded from the following websites: * LISolutions http://lisolutions.org/ * PakLAG http://www.paklag.org/ * PLWO http://www.plworg.com/ * PULISAA http://www.pulisaa.org.pk/ 4- Literature Review and Discussion Herman (2008) states that in early ages of software development (1950's and onward), computer companies provided the software along with hardware. As hardware was the major focus of these companies, the price of software was very low or nominal. Programmers at the time had grown up in an era of freely shared software, much the same as many share cooking recipes. Open Source Software, abbreviated as OSS is computer software that is released under some free/public license and it permits users to study, change and improve the software (Kandar, Mondal & Ray, 2011). …
03 Feb 2012
TL;DR: Several suggestions are made that would augment the TEI P5 Manuscript Description module allowing for a richer and more accurate description and cataloging of ancient Arabic manuscripts.
Abstract: It is incumbent upon libraries holding Arabic manuscripts to provide access to digitized surrogates of their holdings. Users require access both by authority list and by content. Thus, an exhaustive cataloguing method is essential. The TEI P5 Manuscript Description module is a suitable tool for manuscript cataloguing, but it lacks certain features that would allow for exhaustive description of ancient Arabic manuscripts. In this article we make several suggestions that would augment the TEI P5 Manuscript Description module allowing for a richer and more accurate description and cataloging of ancient Arabic manuscripts.