Showing papers on "Catalyst support published in 1976"

Surface impregnated catalyst

Abstract: A surface impregnated catalyst consisting essentially of a catalyst support, a palladium-gold alloy distributed in a surface layer of the catalyst support extending less than about 0.5 millimeter from the surface, and alkali metal acetate are provided. The catalyst has substantially higher specific activity than prior art catalysts used for the production of vinyl acetate.

Conversion of methanol to gasoline product

Abstract: The conversion of methanol to gasoline boiling products in a plurality of sequentially arranged catalyst beds comprising a dehydration catalyst followed by a special class of crystalline zeolite conversion catalyst is described wherein the dehydration catalyst life is prolonged and durene formed in the process is recycled to the zeolite catalyst conversion step.

Process for the preparation of a catalyst and catalyst used in olefin polymerization

Abstract: When reacting the reaction product of silicon dioxide and/or a metal oxide and a Grignard compound with a soluble titanium compound, there is obtained a catalyst for the polymerization of 1-olefins, which gives a very high yield and allows a good control of the molecular weight by means of hydrogen without making necessary a separation of the excess of metallo-organic compounds and/or the excess of titanium compounds from the catalyst carrier.

Rhenium catalyst composition

Abstract: A rhenium containing catalyst composition is provided by adsorbing a rhenium containing compound on the surface of a pore containing catalyst support and thermally decomposing said compound in the presence of a hydrogen containing gas maintained at a positive pressure. Such rhenium catalysts are useful for the selective preparation of alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated alcohols from alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated aldehydes by contact with a hydrogen containing gas in the vapor phase.

Process for preparing modified silver catalysts

Abstract: Silver catalysts providing improved selectivities for the oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide are prepared by (a) subjecting a catalyst comprising from about 1 to about 35 percent by weight of silver on a porous refractory catalyst support to a stabilization treatment, and (b) depositing from about 0.00004 to about 0.008 gram equivalent weights per kilogram of total catalyst of ions of one or more of the alkali metals potassium, rubidium or cesium on the stabilized catalyst.

Porous metal-alumina composite

Abstract: A porous composite structure comprising a sintered mixture of metal particles and alumina particles, and a method for producing this composite. The composite is useful as a catalyst support, particularly in apparatus designed to reduce pollutant emissions from automobile engines.

Catalyst support prepared by alcohol treatment of hydrogels

Abstract: A method is provided for treating a hydrogel with a saturated, aliphatic alcohol selected from the group consisting of 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol and 1-hexanol to remove water thereby producing a dried product that retains a porous structure and is particularly suitable upon impregnation with a polymerization catalyst for use in promoting the production of ethylene polymers of melt index in excess of about 6.6.

Prolonging zeolite catalyst life in methanol conversion to gasoline by disposing of exothermic reaction heat

Abstract: A method for effecting chemical reactions of aliphatic hetero compounds comprising alcohols, halides, mercaptans, sulfides, amines, ethers and carbonyl compounds with a fluidized crystalline zeolite catalyst and regeneration of a portion of the catalyst used in the fluid catalyst operation is described. Catalyst recycle to each of the catalyst contact zones is particularly employed.

Process for the preparation of a supported silver catalyst

Abstract: A supported silver catalyst, having particular utility in the production of ethylene oxide by the controlled, vapor phase, partial oxidation of ethylene employing molecular oxygen as the oxidant, is prepared by impregnation procedures. After impregnation, the catalyst is activated by thermal pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere and, subsequently, an alkali metal promoter, preferably a potassium, rubidium, and/or cesium salt is added to enhance catalyst performance.

Phospha-alumina gel and method of preparation

Abstract: A novel phospha-alumina gel having a large average pore diameter and a characteristic pore volume distribution is prepared by co-precipitation of aluminum and phosphorus compounds. The gel is then dried, formed and calcined to give a material having a large average pore diameter of at least 100 A and a characteristic pore volume distribution with a minimum number of small pores, such that less than 30% of the total pore volume is in pores smaller than 100 A in diameter. Such material is especially useful as a catalyst or as a catalyst support.

Process for the preparation of a palladium catalyst

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a palladium catalyst for the oxacylation of olefins in the gaseous phase, which comprises impregnating a catalyst carrier with a solution of a palladium compound drying the catalyst at a temperature of below 90° C until a residual solvent content of less than 8% by weight is attained, and reducing the impregnated catalyst with a gas mixture of inert gas and reducing agent.

Perovskite catalysts and process for their preparation

Abstract: A high surface area perovskite catalyst comprises a perovskite containing at least one transition metal composited with a spinel-coated metal oxide support The catalyst is prepared by forming a surface spinel on a metal oxide and subsequently co-impregnating or co-depositing the appropriate perovskite precursor component on the spinel coated metal oxide, followed by calcination at a temperature of at least 540° C A preferred catalyst is LaCoO 3 supported on a spinel-covered alumina

Support material for a noble metal catalyst and method for making the same

Abstract: A support material for platinum, platinum alloys, or other noble metal catalyst, is made from carbon particles by heat treating the carbon until it is at least partially graphitized, depositing a metal on the heat treated carbon particles which will catalyze the oxidation of graphite in an oxidizing atmopshere, and oxidizing the surfaces of the heat treated carbon particles at the sites of the catalyst crysals to pit or etch the surfaces at these sites. When this material is used as a support for platinum it reduces the rate of platinum migration when the supported platinum catalyst is heated in the presence of a liquid, thereby reducing the loss of platinum surface area which often occurs under these conditions.

Catalyst and process for conversion of hydrocarbons

Abstract: An improved process for converting hydrocarbons using a catalyst which is periodically regenerated to remove carbonaceous deposits, the catalyst being comprised of a mixture containing, as a major component, solid particles capable of promoting hydrocarbon conversion at hydrocarbon conversion conditions, and, as a minor component, discrete entities comprising a major amount of a support and a minor, catalytically effective amount of at least one of certain metal components disposed on at least a portion of the support, the metal component being capable of promoting the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide at carbon monoxide oxidizing conditions, provided that the discrete entities are more attrition resistant than the solid particles. An improved hydrocarbon conversion-carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst is also disclosed.

Demetalation and desulfurization of residual oil utilizing hydrogen and trickle beds of catalysts in three zones

Abstract: This invention is concerned with removing metal and sulfur contaminants from residual oil fractions by catalytic contact with two different catalysts in the presence of hydrogen. In this process, the oil is first contacted with the major fraction of a catalyst comprising a Group VIB metal and an iron group metal oxide, such as a mixture of cobalt and molybdenum oxides, composited with an alumina support, the catalyst having at least 60% of its pore volume in pores of 100A to 200A diameter and at least about 5% of its pore volume in pores having a diameter greater than 500A. The oil is then contacted with a secondcatalyst of the high surface-area, cobalt-molybdenum on alumina type having a major fraction of its pores in the 30 to 100A diameter range. Finally, the oil is contacted with the remainder of the large-pore catalyst.

Magnetic Filtration of Small Heterogeneous Catalyst Particles. Preparation of Ferrimagnetic Catalyst Supports

Abstract: H,igh-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) provides a very effective method of removing small (1-100 p) particles of certain heterogeneous catalysts from reaction mixtures. The preparations of magnetically responsive carbon-, silica-, and alumina-magnetite supports are described, and the behavior of these supports in magnetic filtration is summarized. Large-scale processes involving heterogeneous catalysis often require that the recovery of catalyst from product be very efficient, both to minimize loss of expensive catalyst components and to avoid contamination of products with catalyst. Large catalyst pellets can normally be retained in reactors or separated from products by conventional filtration or centrifugation techniques. The recovery of small catalyst particles-either used intentionally or formed by attrition from larger particles-is presently inefficient and expensive. Here we wish to report a general technique for the preparation of magnetically responsive, ferrimagnetic, supported heterogeneous catalysts, and to illustrate the usefulness of high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) techniques for separating these as well as ferromagnetic and certain paramagnetic catalyst particles from suspension. Ferro-, ferri-, and paramagnetic solids suspended in a diamagnetic liquid move in a magnetic field gradient toward regions of high magnetic field. The magnetic force acting on a particle is proportional, inter alia, to the magnitude of the gradient. HGMS depends on techniques, developed at the M.I.T. National Magnet Laboratory, which permit the generation of very high magnetic field gradients using very simple apparatus (Kolm et al. in the small-scale experiments carried out in this work, separations were carried out using a 50-ml buret containing a loosely packed plug (ca. 0.0b g) of 00 or 0000 steel wool, positioned between the poles of a magnet having 2.5-10-kG field strength. Large magnetic field gradients are generated close to the steel wool strands by their magnetization, and these high gradient regions act as efficient \"collectors\" for magnetic particles suspended in a liquid that is passed through the plug. Magnetic filtration of ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic solids (e.g., Raney nickel and magnetite, vide infra) is easily accomplished at field strengths less than 5 kG. Magnetic filtration of paramagnetic solids is more difficult: very intense magnetic field gradients, moderately large paramag-netic susceptabilities, and a matching of the diameters of the particles and the steel wool strands is required (Ober-teufer, 197 4). Using field strengths sufficient to saturate steel (212 kG), gradients as great as 1 kG/p may be generated in a HGMS filter, if the strands of the steel wool are sufficiently fine: these gradients will …

Separator ring in fixed bed radial flow catalytic reactor

Abstract: A generally ring-like baffle is located in the bottom of a radial flow catalytic reactor around the central apertured product removal conduit. The annular space between the removal conduit and the baffle is partially filled with solid catalyst support. Above the catalyst support is the catalyst. This prevents feedstock from either bypassing the catalyst completely in the area adjacent the bottom of the reactor or forming hot spots as a result of the normally low rate of flow travel in this section of the reactor.

Process for the treatment of gases containing various derivatives of sulphur

Abstract: Catalysts for Claus reaction treatment of industrial gases containing hydrogen sulphide and sulphur dioxide in which the catalyst has a specific surface area of at least 80 sqm/g and is composed of activated alumina and a compound of a metal of column III A of the periodic classification of elements which is present, when calculated as the oxide, in an amount within the range of 1-20% by weight of the catalyst

Polyfunctional catalysts and method of use

Abstract: This invention provides polyfunctional catalysts comprising a composite of platinum and one or more of rhodium, ruthenium and iridium, a substantially larger quantity of one or more base metal oxides in which the metal is selected from the group consisting of metals having an atomic number from 25 to 28 and rhenium, and an alumina support, which composite is made and then deposited on a suitable carrier. In a preferred embodiment, the catalysts contain 1-20 weight percent of said base metal oxide, typically nickel oxide; 0.05-0.5 weight percent platinum; and 0.002-0.3 weight percent rhodium, and an alumina support deposited on a monolith or other carrier. The improved catalysts are especially applicable for purifying exhaust gases from combustion processes, and in particular those from internal combustion engines. These polyfunctional catalysts have in a single formulation, the ability to accomplish four objectives--to oxidize carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons while reducing nitrogen oxides, thereby converting those contaminants found in the exhaust of internal combustion engines into carbon dioxide, water and elemental nitrogen, but without producing significant amounts of hydrogen sulfide, sulfur trioxide or sulfuric acid. Such chemical conversions take place over the catalyst when the ratio of air to fuel supplied to the catalyst is controlled to nearly stoichiometric conditions, thereby maintaining the exhaust feed gases within a narrow compositional range, sometimes called a "window", in which the catalyst can substantially convert the contaminants.

Method for producing a supported catalyst

Abstract: Improved methods for reducing the amounts of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines involving the use of catalysts comprising a major amount of crystalline magnesium aluminate spinel. Improved catalysts as well as improved methods for making the present catalyst are also included.

Catalysts based on carbon supports and use in catalytic deoxidation process

Abstract: Carbon particulates comprising carbon black spheres and a carbon binder having large pores as well as desirable pore size distribution are disclosed which serve as catalyst supports. The support carrying an effective amount of an activator is an active catalyst composition for a variety of reactions including reduction reactions.

Process for the fluoriding of a catalyst

Abstract: A process is disclosed for "in-situ" fluoriding of catalyst in a fixed bed wherein an amount of a fluorine is provided which is in excess by at least an average of 10%w of the amount of fluorine absorbed by the catalyst resulting in more efficient, uniform catalyst.

Polyolefin catalyst and method for its preparation

Abstract: A new catalyst and a method of polymerizing olefins in which the catalyst is prepared by forming a mixture by dispersing on a finely divided, difficult to reduce, inorganic support of the class consisting of silica, alumina, thoria, zirconia, titania, magnesia and mixtures or composites thereof, an organic chromium compound pyrolytically decomposable in the substantial absence of oxygen to deposit a catalytically active residue along with a carbon residue as a contaminant on the support, then activating the mixture by subjecting the mixture to non-oxidative pyrolysis to and at a temperature within the range of about 600-2000° F., thereby depositing on the support the chromium-bearing residue and carbon residue as a by-product from the pyrolytic decomposition of the organic chromium compound, and subjecting the activated catalyst after this activating to heat and an oxidizing gas such as air, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and the like, to burn off a substantial amount of the carbon residue and to modify and improve the characteristics of the activated catalyst.

Hydrodesulfurization catalysts based on supports prepared from rehydratable alumina

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a hydrodesulfurization catalyst and the catalyst produced thereby. The HDS catalyst is prepared by solution impregnation of an alumina catalyst support which has been made from a rehydratable form of alumina.

Heat-stabilized polyurethane elastomer

Abstract: Heat stabilization of polyurethane elastomer catalyzed with organo-metallic catalyst is accomplished by adding a minor amount of elemental sulfur or sulfur-donor material to the liquid mixture of polyol and organic polyisocyanate at the time the catalyst is added. The sulfur remains inert during the polymerization reaction, and as long as the temperature of the cured elastomer does not exceed about 200° F. When the temperature of the urethane exceeds 200° F, the sulfur reacts with the catalyst to form a metallic sulfide, which results in the complete neutralization, or deactivation of the catalyst. Elimination of the organo-metallic catalyst prevents depolymerization of the urethane, and the urethane therefore remains solid at high temperatures for much longer periods of time than has heretofore been possible. The amount of sulfur required to deactivate will depend upon the metal content of the organo-metallic catalyst.

Method and apparatus for carrying out hydrogenation reactions

Abstract: This invention comprises a method of achieving a highly efficient use of catalyst in conducting hydrogenation reactions of hydrocarbons in the liquid state by means of solid catalysts. The catalyst is wholly contained in a microporous layer no thicker than 200 microns deposited on the outside surface of otherwise inert support particles. The catalyst particles, of the order of 10 mm diameter, are contained in a fixed, vertical, packed bed, and are brought into contact with the liquid hydrocarbon and hydrogen by passing the two fluids in cocurrent flow, either upwards or downwards, through the bed at substantially greater gas velocities than are usually employed in fixed bed catalytic reactors used for hydrogenating hydrocarbons in the liquid state. The effect of the high gas velocity is to achieve substantially higher heat and mass transfer rates among the three phases (catalyst, liquid hydrocarbon, and gaseous hydrogen) than are achievable under conventional conditions of operation of fixed bed catalytic reactors used for hydrogenating hydrocarbons in the liquid state. The combined effects of the high gas velocity and the mode of deposition of the catalytically active components on the catalyst support, are the achievement of a large global reaction rate in the reactor, combined with a high internal effectiveness factor for the catalyst. For fast hydrogenation reactions, for which the invention is most advantageously employed, a comparable efficiency of catalyst utilization can at present be achieved only by using catalyst in the form of powder or granules so small as to preclude their use in a fixed bed reactor.

Catalyst and method of preparing same

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved catalyst having a high thermal stability including a solid catalyst support having a layer of catalytically active carrier material, either as a coating on a non-catalytically active support or as particles of catalytically active carrier material, and a catalytically active metal component upon the carrier, wherein the improved aspect resides in between about 0.2 and 15% by weight of zinc in the form of zinc oxide contained in the catalytically active carrier material. Also disclosed are a method for preparing the improved catalyst and a method for utilizing the catalyst for purifying automobile exhaust gas and industrial waste gas.

Fluidized deoxychlorination catalyst composition

Abstract: Catalyst compositions comprising mixtures of salts of copper, potassium, didymium, lanthanum and magnesium are useful in the fluidized bed oxychlorination of aliphatic hydrocarbons. The catalyst composition loading is disposed on a suitable support media, preferably an alumina and does not cake or cause defluidization of the bed under start-up, operating, or shut-down conditions.