Showing papers on "Compressed natural gas published in 2001"

Choosing between conventional electric and lpg/cng vehicles in single-vehicle households. in: travel behaviour research. the leading edge

Abstract: One of the most successful means of individual transportation was delivered to society in the twentieth century: the automobile. That success brought along an accumulation of concerns for the impact of such mobility on the physical and social environment. This paper studies the single vehicle household's preference for a range of conventional fuel vehicles and two classes of alternate fuel vehicles - liquid petroleum/compressed natural gas (LPG/CNG) and electric vehicles. The paper focuses on establishing the relevance of attributes that drive the choice decision. especially the attributes that detract from the interest in electric and alternate fuel vehicles. The marginal valuations of key attributes for alternate discrete choice specifications are also compared.

Choosing between conventional, electric and lpg/cng vehicles in single- vehicle households.

Abstract: One of the most successful means of individual transportation was delivered to society in the twentieth century: the automobile. That success brought along an accumulation of concerns for the impact of such mobility on the physical and social environment. This paper studies the single vehicle household's preference for a range of conventional fuel vehicles and two classes of alternate fuel vehicles - liquid petroleum/compressed natural gas (LPG/CNG) and electric vehicles. The paper focuses on establishing the relevance of attributes that drive the choice decision. especially the attributes that detract from the interest in electric and alternate fuel vehicles. The marginal valuations of key attributes for alternate discrete choice specifications are also compared.

Natural gas handling system

Abstract: A natural gas handling system is provided having a new modular design to provide clean and accessible fuel for remote compressed natural gas. The natural gas handling system has a storage unit with a heated exchanger that converts the liquefied natural gas to compressed natural gas having a predetermined pressure of approximately 5000 psig without the use of pumps or compressors. The LNG/CNG storage unit has an outlet for providing warmed natural gas at approximately psig. If desired, refrigeration can be supplied from the −260° F. LNG during the vaporization process. The LNG/CNG storage unit also has a second outlet with a pressure regulator for providing warmed compressed natural gas at approximately 60 psig.

Breathing Clean: Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses

Abstract: In response to emerging epidemiological evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions, there is growing interest in substituting conventional diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient concentrations of particulate matter are markedly higher than what is internationally considered acceptable. This paper compares the performance of natural gas and conventional diesel buses, and outlines the barriers to the adoption of natural gas buses in developing countries. In the absence of emissions standards that effectively require natural gas, natural gas-fueled buses are unlikely to be adopted because they are more expensive to operate relative to diesel buses. The social case for replacing diesel with natural gas a fuel for buses rests on environmental grounds. If a local government decides that the reduction in air pollution associated with the substitution of conventional diesel with natural gas for use in buses is worth the cost, then it needs to adopt policies to encourage the switch to natural gas. These might include emissions standards for buses, or fuel and vehicle taxes that reflect marginal social costs. The contribution of exhaust emissions from buses to the ambient concentrations of harmful pollutants needs to be quantified so that associated health damage costs can be estimated.

Risk-Based Technology Method for the Safety Assessment of Marine Compressed Natural Gas Fuel Systems

Abstract: The introduction of alternative fuels (other than diesel oil or gasoline) for some commercially operated marine vessels presents a problem to marine regulators and designers since accepted standards and U.S. Coast Guard policy have not been established. Establishing safe design criteria is a common problem with the introduction of new technologies, novel concepts, and complex systems. In order to determine design safety for novel marine concepts such as compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel, a formal system safety approach may be used. Risk-based technologies (RBT) provide techniques to facilitate the proactive evaluation of system safety through risk assessment, risk control, risk management, and risk communication. The proposed outfitting of a CNG fuel system on the Kings Pointer training vessel is discussed as a specific marine application of CNG fuel and an appropriate situation for applying system safety techniques.

Alternative Fuel Vehicles: The Case of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Vehicles in California Households

Abstract: Compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles have been used internationally by fleets and households for decades. The use of CNG vehicles results in less petroleum consumption, and fewer air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions in most applications. In the United States, the adoption of CNG technology has been slowed by the availability of affordable gasoline and diesel fuel. This study addresses the potential market for CNG vehicles at the consumer level in California. Based on semi-structured personal interviews, this study reveals the nature of the CNG vehicle ownership experience, determines the effects of government incentives on the decision to own a CNG vehicle, and considers the California CNG refueling network in the context of future alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs), such as fuel cell vehicles. The effects of government financial incentives, such as tax deductions and buy-down rebates were not influential in the decision to purchase a CNG vehicle. Rather, recent owners of dedicated CNG vehicles in California purchased a CNG vehicle because they can drive in the high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes regardless of the number of occupants in the vehicle. This significantly reduces their commute time to and from work, improves commute time reliability, and relieves stress. However, CNG vehicle owners have expressed significant dissatisfaction with the CNG refueling network and the driving range of CNG vehicles. Despite these disadvantages, most California CNG vehicle owners would own another CNG vehicle in the future given the same circumstances.

Compressed nature gas container for transport

Abstract: The utility model belongs to a compressed natural gas container for transportation, which comprises a container body, a vertical high pressure gas cylinder cluster, a fixing bracket, an air feeding and conveying pipe, a control valve and a quick joint. The utility model which is used for transporting compressed natural gas has high safety and reliability, large gas loading amount and quick and convenient loading and unloading. The utility model can effectively decrease transportation cost in a long distance, and the utility model is especially used for transporting natural gas for gas storage and distribution stations at small and far regions which are far away from gas selling company pipe networks. The utility model overcomes the defects of large investment of pipeline transportation for small and far regions in a long distance, high gas transportation cost per unit, large volume of side normal and horizontal steel cylinders, low bearing pressure, small transportation amount, high transportation cost, etc.

Fuel display system and fuel gauge

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fuel display system for preventing an indicated value from changing and a user from mistaking a pressure reduction in a compressed natural gas (CNG) cylinder, caused by temperature differences between day and night after a high pressure CNG is filled at a filing location, for a leakage of the CNG and a fuel gauge used for the same. SOLUTION: The fuel display system of an automobile using the compressed natural gas as a fuel is provided with a pressure measuring means (12) for measuring pressure in a supply system (A) of the fuel compressed natural gas, a temperature measuring means (16) for measuring temperature in a pressure container (the cylinder 1) for storing the compressed natural gas, a control means (14) for computing the mass of the stored compressed natural gas on the basis of the results of the measurements by the pressure measuring means (12) and the temperature measuring means (16), and a display means (the fuel gauge 18) for displaying the mass of the compressed natural gas computed by the control means (14). COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Natural gas pipe network gas supplying method for community

Abstract: The natural gas pipe network gas-supplying method for living quarter features that compressed natural gas cylinders are used as gas source and depressed before natural gas enters to living quarter natural gas pipe network. The present invention has less investment and is simple and suitable for providing clean and convenient fuel in living quarter with less population and far from gas source.

Reducing co2 in the transport sector in japan

Abstract: In this paper, we have investigated the cost-effectiveness of alternative fuel vehicles as a measure for CO2 reduction. Computed results indicate that the installation of alternative fuel vehicles is much more expensive than fuel switching in industry or the power generation sector. However, some economic incentives will make the price go down to the level at which alternative fuel vehicles are competitive with conventional vehicles. At the same time, mass production makes their prices go down although it is rather expensive at present. Then, we developed the scenarios in which CO2 emissions could be stabilised at the level in 1990. In the higher demand case (1.2%/yr.), it is indispensable to introduce alternative fuel vehicles into the market. Our model selects electric vehicles and compressed natural gas vehicles as cost-effective options. In the scenario where carbon tax revenue is not offset by subsidy, we have to impose prohibitively high carbon tax to suppress CO2. However, CO2 emission can be suppressed by a reasonable carbon tax if the tax revenue is returned to the market to subsidise alternative fuel vehicles and their infrastructures.

Method of gas treatment for transportation at compressor station

Abstract: refrigeration and gas engineering, particularly, methods of gas treatment for transportation at compressor stations. SUBSTANCE: method includes gas cooling without condensation of hydrocarbons, withdrawal of condensed moisture, and gas heating with compressed gas of closed circulation circuit. In this case, gas is cooled by means of expansion to pressure below gas pressure in gas main. After heating gas is compressed up to pressure in gas main and then, it is cooled with expanded gas of circulation circuit. EFFECT: higher economic efficiency of claimed method of gas treatment for transportation at compressor stations. 3 dwg

Natural Gas Buses: Separating Myth from Fact; Autobuses Urbanos de Gas Natural: Separemos el Mito de la Realidad

Abstract: Using a myth vs. fact format, this fact sheet addresses common public misconceptions about compressed natural gas buses.

Ups cng truck fleet start up experience: alternative fuel truck evaluation project

Abstract: UPS operates 140 Freightliner Custom Chassis compressed natural gas (CNG)-powered vehicles with Cummins B5.9G engines. Fifteen are participating in the Alternative Fuel Truck Evaluation Project being funded by DOE's Office of Transportation Technologies and the Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies.

The DOE/NREL Next Generation Natural Gas Vehicle Program - An Overview

Abstract: This paper summarizes the Next Generation Natural Gas Vehicle (NG-NGV) Program that is led by the U.S. Department Of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies (OHVT) through the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The goal of this program is to develop and implement one Class 3-6 compressed natural gas (CNG) prototype vehicle and one Class 7-8 liquefied natural gas (LNG) prototype vehicle in the 2004 to 2007 timeframe. OHVT intends for these vehicles to have 0.5 g/bhp-hr or lower emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) by 2004 and 0.2 g/bhp-hr or lower NOx by 2007. These vehicles will also have particulate matter (PM) emissions of 0.01 g/bhp-hr or lower by 2004. In addition to ambitious emissions goals, these vehicles will target life-cycle economics that are compatible with their conventionally fueled counterparts.