Showing papers on "Coturnix published in 1983"
TL;DR: The defined surface marker, referred to as MB1, is expressed early on both intra- and extraembryonic hemopoietic stem cells and is transmitted to the whole progeny of these precursors, with the exception of mature erythrocytes.
Abstract: A mouse monoclonal antibody raised in response to quail immunoglobulin mu chain was found to exhibit a broad reactivity towards hemopoietic and endothelial cells in the quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Indirect immunofluorescence assays were performed at several stages of embryonic development and until 3 weeks after hatching, on either isolated cells or tissue sections. They revealed that the defined surface marker, referred to as MB1, (i) is expressed early on both intra- and extraembryonic hemopoietic stem cells and is transmitted to the whole progeny of these precursors, with the exception of mature erythrocytes, and (ii) is a constant feature of the endothelial cell surface throughout ontogenesis and adult life. In addition, this epitope is included in several soluble plasma components. MB1 expression was not detected in chicken tissues, and this characteristic was used to confirm its lineage restriction in quail-chicken chimeras. We stress the value of this species- and lineage-specific marker in study of the development of the hemopoietic and endothelial cell families, with special reference to their possible early common embryonic origin.
171 citations
TL;DR: Sexual differences in behavior and morphology cannot be entirely explained by sexual dimorphism of the metabolism, and the effects of in vivo treatments of male and female quail with the different T-metabolites are studied.
132 citations
TL;DR: The Gonadectomized male Japanese quail maintained on short daylengths showed a reliable and repeatable response, in terms of increased gonadotrophin secretion, to a single long photoperiod (20 h light) followed by continuous darkness.
Abstract: Gonadectomized male Japanese quail maintained on short daylengths (8 h light:16 h darkness) showed a reliable and repeatable response, in terms of increased gonadotrophin secretion, to a single long photoperiod (20 h light) followed by continuous darkness. Plasma levels of LH were significantly increased within 4 h of the end of the long day. Secretion continued to increase with time and LH and FSH concentrations reached a maximum some 24 h later, thereafter decreasing only slowly over the next 8-10 days. Quail could be used repeatedly at fortnightly intervals and gave a consistent response for at least 15 months. The size of the photoperiodic response and its considerable duration were much greater than found in intact quail. The birds showed a similar (though reduced) response if a short daylength was followed by a single 4-h light pulse interrupting the 16-h dark period. Using this system the time of maximum responsivity to the inductive effects of light lies 10-16 h from 'dawn'. The marked and rapid effects described provide an excellent experimental system in which to study how photoperiodic changes are recognized and how consequent neural activation is translated into enhanced secretion rates of hormones in the peripheral endocrine system.
75 citations
TL;DR: After only a 2 week captivity in pigeons, the myoglobin content was already significantly reduced in heart, pectoral and wing muscles, but not in the leg muscle, however, it is difficult to establish a relationship with flight habits.
39 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that the Japanese quail have the inherent capability to discriminate between the stereoisomers of 24,25(OH)2D3 and therefore strongly support the concept that only the naturally occurring 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (D3) 2D3 has an identifiable, unique biological role which is different from that of 1 alpha,25 (OH)1D3.
Abstract: A previous report [Science 201, 835-837 (1978)] presented evidence that the combined and simultaneous administration of the cholecalciferol (D3) metabolites 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1 alpha,25(OH)2D3] and 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [24R,25(OH)2D3] to White Leghorn hens was necessary for embryo development and normal egg hatchability; in the absence of 24R,25(OH)2D3 none of the fertile eggs hatched. The present study extends this fundamental observation to a second species, the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica and compares the biological actions of the two stereoisomers of the 24,25(OH)2 metabolite, namely the naturally occurring 24R,25(OH)2D3 and its unnatural epimer 24S,25(OH)2D3. Groups of 12-14 vitamin D-depleted adult female Japanese quail were mated with normal male quail and eight consecutive batches of eggs (25-41 eggs from each group) were placed in an egg incubator, and egg hatchability for the fertile eggs monitored on days 21 and 22. The egg hatchability (in percent +/- SD) for each group was: D3 (56.5% +/- 12.8); 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 (1.3% +/- 2.5); 24R,25(OH)2D3 (29.6% +/- 3.1); 24R25(OH)2D3 + 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 (32.8%); and 24S,25(OH)2D3 + 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 (7.2%). Also for all treatment groups the blood level of the expected vitamin D metabolites were in the normal range, and there were no significant differences in the embryo weights and eggshell thickness (of both hatched and unhatched eggs). These results indicate that the Japanese quail have the inherent capability to discriminate between the stereoisomers of 24,25(OH)2D3 and therefore strongly support the concept that only the naturally occurring 24R,25(OH)2D3 has an identifiable, unique biological role which is different from that of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3.
35 citations
TL;DR: Two Japanese quail which were incapable of wing movement and three normal quail were examined by histological and ultrastructural methods and found to have glycogenosis which was analogous to type II found in man.
Abstract: Two Japanese quail which were incapable of wing movement and three normal quail were examined by histological and ultrastructural methods. The diseased birds had glycogen deposits in their skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord. According to the distribution of the lesions and the characteristics of the deposited glycogen, the diseased birds had glycogenosis which was analogous to type II found in man. The usefulness of this disease as a model for glycogenosis in man is discussed.
30 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Results suggest the 184K protein is the quail's equivalent to mammalian C3, which has been suggested by using rabbit antiserum prepared against quail serum-treated zymosan as an initial reagent.
Abstract: The identification of the third component of complement (C3) of Japanese quails was attempted by using rabbit antiserum prepared against quail serum-treated zymosan (ZX) as an initial reagent. This antiserum (anti-ZX) had agglutinating activity on rabbit erythrocytes reacted with quail antibody and quail complement (EACq) but not on EAq, and developed two precipitin lines against quail serum at beta- and gamma-regions in crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Subsequently, monospecific antisera to each of these precipitin lines were prepared in rabbits, and quail serum proteins reactive with these antisera were purified by salt precipitation followed by Sephadex gel filtration and DEAE cellulose column chromatography. One protein with a m.w. of 184,000 (184K) resembled mammalian C3 in that: 1) monospecific antiserum (anti-184K protein serum) agglutinated EACq but not EAq; 2) treatment of fresh quail serum with either inulin or zymosan resulted in the conversion of the precipitin line developed against 184K protein from gamma to beta in crossed immunoelectrophoresis; 3) the 184K protein was shown to consist of two polypeptide chains of 110K and 73K linked by disulfide bonds. Furthermore, the 184K protein in serum was cleaved through the incubation with inulin to 174K and 140K proteins that might correspond to C3b and C3c of human complement; 4) the 184K protein bound to zymosan was eluted with hydrazine or methylamine but not with Nonidet P-40, indicating that 184K protein binds to zymosan by a covalent bond but not by a hydrophobic one; and 5) by treatment of fresh quail serum with methylamine, complement reactivity was reduced, although its activity was restored by the addition of purified 184K protein. These results suggest the 184K protein is the quail's equivalent to mammalian C3. When quail serum was reacted with cells that had complement-activating capacity, quail C3 deposited on their membrane as in mammalians; however, no conversion of quail C3 was noted by the reaction with CVF. Antibody to quail C3 failed to cross-react with that in mammals.
26 citations
TL;DR: Recruitment capacity in male Japanese quail is reduced when the birds are exposed to 2.45 GHz CW microwave radiation during embryogenesis, and percentage of fertile eggs was significantly reduced when exposed males were mated to sham control females.
Abstract: Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) embryos were exposed continuously to 2.45 GHz CW microwave radiation during the first 12 days of embryogenesis. The incident power density was 5 mW/cm2, and the specific absorption rate (SAR) was 4.03 mW/g. At 23 weeks of age an assessment of the reproductive capacity of the males was performed. Spermatozoal numbers and motility in semen samples which were collected manually were reduced significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01). However, spermatozoal viability and gross morphological characteristics in the exposed birds were not consistently different from the controls. Relative testicular weights were not altered significantly in the exposed males. Percentage of fertile eggs was significantly reduced when exposed males were mated to sham control females. The percentage of fertile eggs obtained from mating exposed males with sham control females was 72.5%, while the percentage of fertile eggs from mating of sham control males with sham control females was 80.4%. These data indicate that reproductive capacity in male Japanese quail is reduced when the birds are exposed to 2.45 GHz CW microwave radiation during embryogenesis.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a Proteus infection was incriminated as the cause of severe depression, coma, and high mortality in successive broods of quail chicks, and pathological lesions comprised congestion of lungs, liver, and kidneys and mucus exudation in the trachea.
Abstract: Proteus infection was incriminated as the cause of severe depression, coma, and high mortality in successive broods of quail chicks. The pathological lesions comprised congestion of lungs, liver, and kidneys and mucus exudation in the trachea. The organism, isolated from the heart blood and lungs of affected chicks, was identified on biochemical tests as Proteus mirabilis. Pathogenicity of the isolate was tested in young albino mice and week-old quail chicks, which succumbed to infection within 48 hours of inoculation. Association of P. mirabilis with septicemic disease in Japanese quails has apparently been demonstrated for the first time.
14 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that lizard tooth rudiments already determined for tooth development produce some non‐species specific transmissible constituents which are capable of inducing quail cranial neural crest cells to express certain dental characteristics not expressed in their normal development in vivo.
Abstract: Ultrastructural characteristics of tooth buds of the polyphyodont adult lizards Liolaemus tenuis and Liolaemus gravenhorsti have been elucidated. Xenoplastic combinations of lizard whole tooth buds and neural crest cells from embryos of the quail Coturnix coturnix japonica have been cultured in vitro. Mesenchymal cells (preodontoblasts) of lizard teeth early develop filopodia that contact the basal lamina. Fragments of quail neural crest isolated by dissection were recombined with isolated lizard tooth buds and cultured for 84 hours in dishes kept in an incubator at 37.8 degrees C in air. Some identifiable quail cells in these recombinants developed a cytoplasmic extension like that of an odontoblastic process. These results suggest that lizard tooth rudiments already determined for tooth development produce some non-species specific transmissible constituents which are capable of inducing quail cranial neural crest cells to express certain dental characteristics (odontoblastogenesis) not expressed in their normal development in vivo.
10 citations
TL;DR: The thyrotropic functional abilities of ectopically transplanted anterior pituitaries were tested by subjecting quail bearing their adenohypophysis in juxtarenal position either to a short cold exposure or to an intravenous injection of TRH.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the inability of low multiple doses of TCB to cause porphyria in Japanese quail may be related to the low responsiveness of ALA-S but high inducibility of ferrochelatase liver GSH and glutathione S-transferase.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Fixed rabies virus strain MNIIVP-74 was grown in Japanese quail embryo cell cultures, concentrated by ultrafiltration and inactivated with beta-propiolactone and the resulting vaccine was markedly antigenic and immunogenic for laboratory animals.
Abstract: Fixed rabies virus strain MNIIVP-74 was grown in Japanese quail embryo cell cultures, concentrated by ultrafiltration and inactivated with beta-propiolactone. The resulting vaccine was markedly antigenic and immunogenic for laboratory animals. Human volunteers injected with 2.0 ml vaccine on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90 exhibited more intensive and longer antibody production than those injected daily for 14 days.
TL;DR: Generally the DQ showed mild hepatitis due to aflatoxicosis and the toxin altered liver histochemistry for the major classes of cellular chemicals and mild hepatitis in both DQ and non DQ.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: There was no difference between attraction of quail lymphoid cells by the precolonization thymic epithelium or by the lymphoid thymus in the explants of turtle embryo thymuses grafted in the somatopleure or onto the quail embryo chorioallantoic membrane.
Abstract: Turtle (Emys orbicularis L.) embryo thymuses grafted in the somatopleure or onto the quail embryo chorioallantoic membrane developed in these heterotopic sites for 2-12 days. When the thymus was removed from embryos at early stages such that no thymocytes were yet present during normal development, epithelial cells with mitoses were observed in the explants but no turtle thymocytes developed whatever the duration of explantation. An extrinsic origin of lymphoid precursor cells can explain such results. Quail lymphoid-like cells distinguishable from turtle cells by their nuclear structure began entering the explants 5 days after grafting. Their number increased progressively until the 12th day, when all the grafts were retrieved. When an already lymphoid thymus was removed from embryos at later stages, turtle thymocytes remained fairly abundant in the explants until 5 days. Beyond this period, they gradually disappeared. After 11-12 days, none were left and only epithelial tissue from the turtle was present, showing excellent development. Quail lymphoid-like cells entered this more mature thymus following the same time course as they did in the early rudiment. Thus we observed no difference between attraction of quail lymphoid cells by the precolonization thymic epithelium or by the lymphoid thymus.
TL;DR: The CU strain of Pasteurella multocida was moderately virulence for coturnix quail by the oral route and highly virulent for bobwhites by stick-wing and Mallards did not react to virulent P. multocIDA.
Abstract: SUMMARY The CU strain of Pasteurella multocida was moderately virulent for cotumix quail by the oral route and highly virulent for bobwhites by stick-wing. The strain was avirulent for guinea fowl and provided protective