Showing papers on "Criticism published in 1974"

The anxiety of influence : a theory of poetry

Abstract: Bloom's The Anxiety of Influence, an insightful study of Romantic poets and the relation between tradition and the individual artist, has sold over 17,000 copies in paperback since 1984 and remains a central work of criticism for students of literature. For the second edition, Bloom offers a new introduction which explains the genesis of his thinking and the subsequent influence of the book on literary criticism of the past twenty years.

The crucified God : the cross of Christ as the foundation and criticism of Christian theology

Abstract: one, which attests the dream of the other life through a 'great refusal'. The Christian scandal of the qualitative difference lies in the cross of the Christ whom God has raised. Let us therefore ask once again: was the proleptic feature of anticipation really the special element in the Christian Easter faith?

The Theory of Capital Utilization and Idleness

Abstract: My colleagues at Williams, especially Thomas McCoy, James Halstead, Thomas Tietenberg, and Donald Keesing, gave me invaluable criticism on this paper. At an earlier stage, Mark Perlman 's comments were particularly helpful as were those of Roger Bolton, Stephen Lewis, William Gates, Helen Hughes, Earl McFarland and Francisco Thoumi. A Ford Foundation grant (720-0234), the Williams College Center for Development Economics and the World Bank Capital Utilization Research Project made important contributions to this work. Opinions and errors of fact or interpretation are, of course, all mine.

The Date of the Prose-Tale of Job Linguistically Reconsidered

Abstract: On several occasions we have attempted to demonstrate the significance of a certain type of linguistic analysis, for discussing biblical texts whose date of composition is questionable. The main advantage of this analysis lies in the fact, that, being an autonomous and independent criterion, one may use it without subscribing to any particular theory prevailing in biblical Higher Criticism. Most of the complicated and unresolved problems of Higher Criticism — literary, historical and theological — simply have no bearing upon its procedures.

Journalism and Criticism: The Case of an Undeveloped Profession

Abstract: It is a truism, albeit a contentious one, that in the United States there is no tradition of sustained, systematic, and intellectually sound criticism of the press. The press is certainly one of our most important institutions but in serious attention it ranks slightly ahead of soccer and slightly behind baseball. The press is attacked and often vilified, but it is not subject to sustained critical analysis—not in public, and rarely within universities or the press itself.

Resources as Determinants of Organizational Behavior.

Abstract: 1 I should like to thank Erik Van Hove, whose terse and effective criticism of the field helped me avoid employing anthropomorphic formulations of collective behavior. I am also thankful to Ralph Hingson for his insightful discussions of the issues and to James S. Coleman for his criticism of an earlier version of this paper. I am especially grateful, moreover, to Jo Anne Earp and Linda Gottfredson whose substantive contributions and intensive editing have greatly increased the clarity of the paper. The author, however, bears full responsibility for the ideas as expressed.

Lincoln at cooper union: A rationale for neo‐classical criticism

Abstract: Genre theory can serve as a corrective to certain defects in “neo‐Aristotelian” rhetorical criticism. Analysis of the theory and practice of neo‐Aristotelian critics reveals the lack of adequate standards for rhetorical evaluation. This deficiency is directly correlated with their neglect of the classical conception of oratorical genres. Using our critique of Lincoln's Cooper Union Address as an example, we argue that reference to oratorical genres can provide a more precise focus for criticism.

Computers and social power

Abstract: The following essay is an early draft of a major now in progress. The author would appreciate comments and criticism. In addition, the editors of Computers and Society welcome your correspondence on this article and will publish such public commentary in forthcoming issues.

Methodological and historical essays in the natural and social sciences

Abstract: Empiricism at Bay?: Revisions and a New Defense.- Empiricism at Sea.- What Duhem Really Meant.- Genius in Science.- Regularity and Law.- Teleological and Teleonomic, a New Analysis.- Forces, Powers, Aethers, and Fields.- Natural Science and the Future of Metaphysics.- Is the Transition from an Old Theory to a New One of a Sudden and Unexpected Character?.- Some Practical Issues in the Recent Controversy on the Nature of Scientific Revolutions.- The Divergent-Convergent Method - A Heuristic Approach to Problem-Solving.- The Logical and the Extra-Logical.- What is a Logical Constant?.- On the Law of Inertia.- Scientific and Metaphysical Problems: Euler and Kant.- Theory of Language and Philosophy of Science as Instruments of Educational Reform: Wittgenstein and Popper as Austrian Schoolteachers.- Bible Criticism and Social Science.- Kant, Marx and the Modern Rationality.- The Marxist Conception of Science.- The Idea of Statistical Law in Nineteenth Century Science.

Towards a Theory of Openness to Criticism

Abstract: The rationality of human behaviour is a perennial topic in the social sciences. In this article we turn the tables, so to speak, and discuss the rationality of the social sciences themselves. There is dispute about whether the rationality of the behaviour of people may properly be judged, favourably or unfavourably, solely by the standards of rationality assumed within their own culture; or about whether it can also be judged by the standards of observers-from outside the culture-such as social anthropologists or nosey philosophers. There is even dispute about whether it makes sense to appraise, let alone judge, the behaviour of members of one particular culture by the standards of another (cf. L6vi-Strauss 1963, Winch, 1958). These disputes suggest that traditional rationalism (TR for short), in its various guises, has been unable to accommodate both the behaviour of scientists and the behaviour of members of cultures alien to the West. Perhaps on this account, some social scientists have lapsed into a kind of relativism more or less by accident (Howard 1968, Nowell-Smith 1971). They allow quasi-rationality to the behaviour of members of alien cultures appraised by their own standards and they refrain from importing the supposedly stricter standards of science, the standards of TR. We reject relativism, though we shall not argue here for its rejection. More importantly, we also reject TR. We reject TR not only because it fails to account for the

The experience of criticism

Abstract: In seeking an alternative to objectivity in criticism we often characterize the critical experience as something produced by the critic's mind. Such an assumption causes us to embrace the very metaphysics that justifies objectivity in the first place. We can escape the dilemma by recognizing the role of appreciation in some criticism. The appreciative critic cares for what‐is‐as‐it‐is and so is open to the disclosures of sensual(aesthetic) revelation.

The Ancient View of Greek Art: Criticism, History, and Terminology

Abstract: (1974). The Ancient View of Greek Art: Criticism, History, and Terminology. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 37-38.

Criticism: Ephemeral and Enduring.

Abstract: Rhetorical criticism performs two relatively distinct functions. Social criticism evaluates the means used and the ends advocated in contemporary rhetoric in order to raise issues and encourage public discussion. As such, it is ephemeral—linked to particular issues, times, and circumstances. “Academic” criticism attempts to discover and explicate the processes of human symbolization and, as such, makes enduring contributions to rhetorical theory. Standard definitions of critical objects and objectives obscure these distinctions and are partially responsible for our failure to produce a significant number of practicing critics.'

Seduction and betrayal : women and literature

Abstract: The novelist and essayist Elizabeth Hardwick is one of contemporary America's most brilliant writers, and Seduction and Betrayal, in which she considers the careers of women writers as well as the larger question of the presence of women in literature, is her most passionate and concentrated work of criticism. A gallery of unforgettable portraits-of Virginia Woolf and Zelda Fitzgerald, Dorothy Wordsworth and Jane Carlyle-as well as a provocative reading of such works as Wuthering Heights, Hedda Gabler, and the poems of Sylvia Plath, Seduction and Betrayal is a virtuoso performance, a major writer's reckoning with the relations between men and women, women and writing, writing and life.

A Defense of the Concept of Attachment

Abstract: It is pointed out that recent references to attachment in the literature display a misunderstanding of this concept. Since most of the misunderstanding, and consequent criticism of the notion, derive from a confusion of the concepts of attachment qua affective bond, and attachment behaviors, these concepts are defined and a distinction is drawn between the two. It is suggested that on both theoretical and experimental grounds, this distinction is justifiable, and indeed, is invaluable.

Thomas Mann; the uses of tradition

Abstract: T.J. Reed's study has long established itself as the standard work in English on Thomas mann, and offers as comprehensive a view of Mann's fiction and thought as is available in any language. It is based on a coherent close reading of Mann's oeuvre, literary and political, and also on manuscripts and sources, and was part of the first phase of literary scholarship that opened up the resources of the Zurich Thomas Mann Archive. Further documents that have appeared since then - Mann's diaries, notebooks, and other correspondences - have not fundamentally altered the individual interpretations or the overall picture the study offers, and in some respects have emphatically confirmed them. A further chapter added to this edition covers the new documentation, gives a vigorous account of the main curents in Mann scholarship and criticism over the last two decades suggesting how we should now see the writer, the man, and the political figure, and above all the complex relationship between the three.

Kant's geography and mental maps

Abstract: Immanuel Kant was an enthusiastic geographer. His geographical thought was quite unmistakeably influenced by his philosophical system as a whole. This influence is particularly strong in the case of his ideas on geographical space. Kant argues that geographical space serves as a mental framework for the co-ordination of the individual's experiences of the world. In this respect he anticipates the notion of the cognitive or mental map, which geographers have recently adopted from psychological learning theory. In particular Kant stresses that it is impossible to make use of information about the world unless we have some concept of the earth's surface beyond our immediate environment. Some of the criticisms levelled against aspects of Kant's ideas on space can also be applied to the mental map concept in its present form. It is suggested that these criticisms are not as damaging or as conclusive as is sometimes thought. THROUGHOUT his university teaching career Immanuel Kant delighted in giving an annual series of lectures on the elements of geography. His biographer Jachmann assures us, in addition, that 'there is certainly no available book of travels which he has not read and graven in his memory' (quoted by Chamberlain, I914, 40). The reason for this remarkable degree of interest becomes apparent when we explore the connections between Kant's geography and his philo- sophy. There are, in particular, significant links between his conception of geographical space and the theme of space as developed in the critical philosophy. Kant's ideas on space-despite extensive criticism levelled against them (cf. Blaut, I96I; Cassirer, I954; Garnett, I939; and Harvey, 1969)- are still of some interest to geographers, especially in view of current enthusiasm for the distinctly Kantian notion of the mental map.

Lloyd George and the 1918 Irish Conscription Crisis

Abstract: David Lloyd George was a great war-time prime minister. There seems to be little doubt about this, but his was leadership has been so extolled by his supporters that adverse criticism sometimes smacks of heresy. Nevertheless criticism is warranted which, whilst not attacking the man, will qualify the myth. What follows is a critical examiniation of Lloyd George and his Irish policy in 1918.

The criticism of modern African literature

Abstract: The question of the right approach to the study of African literature has engaged the attention of critics ever since the Western public became convinced of the complexity and depth of African oral literature. On the whole, two attitudes to the subject can be distinguished. Firstly, that African oral literature, like all oral literature, should be seen as a primitive literature illustrating the initial phase in the general evolution of culture from the primitive stage to the sophisticated written phase.1 Secondly, that African oral literature should be seen as a unique literature dealing with a culture most unlike any other culture both past and present.2

The understanding of faith: Interpretation and criticism

Abstract: Introduction 1. The Interpretation of the Future 2. The Context and Value of Faith-Talk 3. Linguistic Criteria 4. Theological Criteria 5. Correlation between Human Question and Christian Answer 6. The New Critical Theory 7. The New Critical Theory and Theological Hermeneutics Bibliography Index

Nebraska's Marijuana Law: A Case of Unexpected Legislative Innovation

Abstract: AUTHORS' NOTE: This investigation was supported by Biomedical Sciences Support Grant FR-07053 from the General Research Support Branch, Division of Research Resources, Bureau of Health Professions Education and Manpower Training, National Institutes of Health. We are grateful for the helpful criticism and guidance of Alfred R. Lindesmith, Nicholas Babchuk, Malcolm Spector and Edward Hunvald. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, New York City, 1973. Readers will note that the anonymity of sources has been preserved throughout the article.

Student perceptions of helpfulness in classroom speech criticism

Abstract: An exploratory investigation was conducted which indicated that students perceive certain types of criticism to be significantly more helpful than other types. The findings also indicated that perceptions of helpfulness are related to student levels of speech anxiety and student and instructor sex differences. These results provide implications for the refinement of instructor critique behavior.

Contemporary Thought and Politics

Abstract: Gellner's political philosophy in these volumes combines the down-to-earth realism of political sociology with a rational treatment of the normative issues of traditional political thought. In these essays Gellner strives to understand the religions of nationalism, communism and democracy, returning again and again to the basic values of the liberal: social tolerance, rational criticism, human decency and justice.

Marxism and art: essays classic and contemporary,

Abstract: Marxism and Art is a book of basic readings in Marxist criticism and aesthetics. Maynard Solomon, through his selections and critical introductions, shows connections between the arts and society, between imagination nd history, and between art and revolution. He selects from thirty-six authors to reveal the range of opinion from dogma to heresy, beginning with excerpts from the works of Marx and Engels that are pertinent to an understanding of Marxist philosophy. The book traverses a wide range of subjects from the origins of art to the nature of creativity, the aesthetic experience, the dialectics of consciousness, the psychology of art, and the evolution of art forms. The sources of art in ritual, in the labor process, in the play drive, and in social conflict are explored.

Great Western Salt Works: Essays on the Meaning of Post-Formalist Art

Abstract: "Jack Burnham's 'The Structure of Art' is the latest in a series of complex theoretical books that promise to change the way we teach and think about art - books as radical as modern art itself. They impact upon the definition and criticism of art may in time resemble the impact of quantum physics upon Newton's law of gravitation" -- p. [4] of cover.