Showing papers on "Decimal published in 1974"
TL;DR: The decimal code scale for indicating the growth stages of cereals as developed by the authors and published by Eucarpia is explained and described.
Abstract: The decimal code scale for indicating the growth stages of cereals as developed by the authors and published by Eucarpia is explained and described
8,484 citations
TL;DR: Considerable advantages may be gained by considering higher-radix systems, even if decimal schemes are presently out of reach.
Abstract: We live in a binary world of computers, accepting the inevitability of dealing with strings of O's and l's, simply because this is dictated by the two-valued nature of switching primitives which make up the machines. Yet there is little doubt that most of us would prefer decimal machines if they were available. Present technology is unlikely to result in such machines in the near future, at least not the kind where basic building blocks are inherently 10-valued. However, this does not mean that the binary approach must continue to be the only alternative. Considerable advantages may be gained by considering higher-radix systems, even if decimal schemes are presently out of reach.
40 citations
Patent•
19 Sep 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, an apparatus for adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing feet, inches and fractions of an inch is described, along with the record of the results of said arithmetic functions on a visual display.
Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for automatically adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing feet, inches and fractions of an inch and for the recordation of the results of said arithmetic functions on a visual display. The apparatus also automatically and directly converts feet, inches and fractions of an inch into decimal equivalents and into the metric system of measurement and, similarly, converts numbers in decimal numeric and in metric measurement automatically and directly into feet, inches and fractions of an inch.
39 citations
TL;DR: A description is given of a program for computing the solution to a small number of standard numerical analysis problems to any specified accuracy, up to a limit of 2000 correct decimal places.
Abstract: A description is given of a program for computing the solution to a small number of standard numerical analysis problems to any specified accuracy, up to a limit of 2000 correct decimal places. Each computed number is bounded in an interval with a multiple precision midpoint. Arithmetic operations involving these numbers are executed according to interval arithmetic concepts, with non-significant digits automatically discarded. Details are supplied of problem specification and problem computation.
15 citations
TL;DR: The new quadrat was faster than other meter square quadrats to a highly significant extent and was as fast as canopy coverage quadrat (CCQ) with only 0.15 m2 in size and more precise in sampling major species than all other quadrats.
Abstract: Highlight: This paper presents an evaluation of a new adjustable, decimal, collapsible quadrat (ADCQ) of meter square size in comparison with three other quadrats employed for range vegetation sampling in Pakistan since 1966. In addition to size of quadrats, the different modes of subdivisions built in as an aid for estimation of vegetation cover within the same sized quadrats affected very significantly the different attributes of quadrats as well as quality of data recorded. The new quadrat was faster than other meter square quadrats to a highly significant extent and was as fast as canopy coverage quadrat (CCQ) with only 0.15 m2 in size. The coefficient of variation for the new quadrat was significantly less than CCQ. The new quadrat was more precise in sampling major species than all other quadrats. Unlike the new quadrat, older meter square quadrats overestimated the cover values. Whereas CCQ was relatively better in estimating cover of minor species, the new quadrat was the best of all in estimating total vegetation cover, cover of major species and litter. It also was most efficient in sampling major species. Its efficiency computed over five vegetation criteria was significantly greater than older meter square quadrats. The constructional advantages of ADCQ over fractional quadrat (FQ) as well as the decimalized, collapsible, meter square quadrat (DCMSQ) are also of importance.
6 citations
6 citations
Patent•
17 Sep 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, a special cross divider with ten inlets and exits was constructed for the first decimal position, where the outputs of each coupling limb of each group combined together form outputs for the respective control symbol.
Abstract: The circuit has, for each symbol, a special cross divider which has ten inlets and exits. The inlets are at the cross line dividers and joined with outputs for cipher information for the first decimal position. They are also connected to the outputs of each cross line divider to form a group of branching limbs in the form of AND and NAND gates where the coupling limbs are further connected in groups with the outputs for cipher information for other decimal position. Outputs of each coupling limb of each group combined together form outputs for the respective control symbol.
6 citations
TL;DR: A primary portability problem is caused by necessary variation in machine dependent constants for FORTRAN implementations of mathematical and statistical algorithms, and Redish and Ward (1971) discuss the problem, and propose a solution.
Abstract: There are a number of factors which limit the ease of transfer of mathematical software from one computer sytem to another. For FORTRAN implementations of mathematical and statistical algorithms, a primary portability problem is caused by necessary variation in machine dependent constants. The problem occurs for both decimal and machine-specific representations. Redish and Ward (1971) discuss the problem, and propose a solution. This note extends their ideas to additional constants and computer types.
6 citations
Patent•
27 Nov 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, a BCD arithmetic method and a binary adder for binary arithmetic operations is described, which can be used with other base number systems having members which may be represented by a binary sequence that does not use all of the 2 N binary combinations in the set.
Abstract: Disclosed is a BCD arithmetic method and BCD arithmetic apparatus for use in a data processing system. The binary adder included in a data system for binary arithmetic operations is additionally utilized in the invention to provide BCD sign-magnitude addition and subtraction of packed digits. The apparatus is utilized to carry out the method steps of preconditioning one of the operands by adding a predetermined binary number to each BCD digit, performing a binary addition, and applying a decimal adjust to form the decimal arithmetic sum. Subtraction steps include performing a two's complement binary subtraction of each BCD digit, and applying a decimal adjust to form the decimal difference. The method and apparatus may be utilized with other base number systems having members which may be represented by a binary sequence that does not use all of the 2 N binary combinations in the set.
5 citations
TL;DR: A technique is presented for dividing a positive binary integer by ten, in which the bits of the input are presented serially, low-order bit first, which can be useful in serial conversions from binary to decimal, or in scaling binary numbers by powers of 10.
Abstract: A technique is presented for dividing a positive binary integer by ten, in which the bits of the input are presented serially, low-order bit first. A complete division by ten is performed in two word times (comparable to the time needed for two serial additions). The technique can be useful in serial conversions from binary to decimal, or in scaling binary numbers by powers of 10.
5 citations
Patent•
IBM1
TL;DR: In this article, an arithmetic system employing logic arrays for performing decimal halving and doubling is described, where equal weighted wire matrix read only memory techniques are employed in the logic arrays to conserve required computational hardware and to facilitate large-scale circuit integration (LSI).
Abstract: An arithmetic system employing logic arrays for performing decimal halving and doubling is disclosed. Equal weighted wire matrix read only memory techniques are employed in the logic arrays to conserve required computational hardware and to facilitate large-scale circuit integration (LSI). The logic arrays are addressed by an input register containing a binary coded decimal (BCD) number, and the halved or doubled output in BCD form is read out in parallel into an output register.
Patent•
02 Jul 1974
TL;DR: In this article, the instantaneous decimal credibility check device enables the operator of a terminal to send out, by means of this terminal, numerical data, the decimal value of which will have been previously checked.
Abstract: This instantaneous decimal credibility check device enables the operator of a terminal to send out, by means of this terminal, numerical data, the decimal value of which will have been previously checked. It is characterized in that it comprises a decimal positioning computer CCD connected to decoders DEC of the program memory M1 and to the keyboard CG for the purpose of receiving information therefrom and driving bistable triggers BS for guiding the keys of the keyboard. The decimal positioning computer is also connected, on the one hand directly to a space codes emitter ECE and decimal point emitter EPtD, and, on the other hand indirectly through certain of the guidance bistable triggers, to the "flag" character emitter ECV. A blind code emitter ECAV is directly connected to a decoder DEC of the instruction character ICAV corresponding to the number n of blind codes. A principal memory stores the numerical data, blind codes, space codes and flag characters. Applicable to data acquisition terminals or to any data processing or remote data processing apparatus having a numerical keyboard.
15 Aug 1974
TL;DR: This Number System Cross Reference Guide constitutes a ready reference for programing the MCS-8 Microcomputer or designing logic systems.
Abstract: This Number System Cross Reference Guide constitutes a ready reference for programing the MCS-8 Microcomputer or designing logic systems. Columns give the number equivalents of decimal, binary, octal, and hexidecimal systems for decimal numbers zero through 255, as well as a corresponding teletype character opposite each row of equivalent numbers. (RWR)
TL;DR: Solving the problem of display according to number of significant digits in APL by solving the issue of how to combine N/C and formatting into one operation is the subject of this paper.
Abstract: Numeric to character conversion (N/C) in APL is often necessary in printout, especially where specific formatting is desired. The most commonly used function for N/C is DET (1)~ which is in the PLOTFORMAT workspace of APL systems supplied by IBM~ While DFT has the advantage of accomplishing both N/C and formatting simultaneously, it is slow, the formatting and N/C operations of DFT cannot be separated, and one cannot set the number of significant figures. While other functions exist (eg° ~FMT of Scientific Time Sharing Corporation's APL Plus)t which improve speed and flexibility, we know of none which deals with display according to number of significant digits. Solving this problem is the subject of this paper~
Patent•
13 Aug 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, a logarithmic scale slide rule has been proposed for readily determining decimal location comprising a system of oppositely-facing base-color and contrast-color brackets enclosing each 1 to 9.9999 scale range.
Abstract: A logarithmic scale slide rule having means for readily determining decimal location comprising a system of oppositely-facing base-color and contrast-color brackets enclosing each 1 to 9.9999 scale range, and accompanying base-color and contrast-color check marks to indicate the value of "positive one" for multipliers, or "negative one" for dividers, the base-color and contrast-color check marks being for base-color and contrast-color slider scale numbers, respectively, i.e., conventional black and red scales, said check marks being associated with brackets of the same color, and the sum of the plus and minus values of the check marks encountered in the solution of a given problem together with the sum of the plus and minus decimals of the problem numbers will represent the power of ten for the problem.