Showing papers on "Diesel engine published in 1982"

Auxiliary power unit for vehicles

Abstract: The auxiliary power unit includes an auxiliary liquid-cooled diesel internal combustion engine for driving power producing equipment on board the vehicle. A first conduit connects the main engine liquid coolant outlet in fluid communication with the auxiliary engine liquid inlet. A second conduit connects the main vehicle engine liquid inlet in fluid communication with the auxiliary engine outlet. A pump recirculates the liquid coolant through the conduits so that the auxiliary diesel engine heats the coolant and thus the main engine, when it is not in use. The engine is controlled remotely from the vehicle cab.

Laboratory endurance test of a sunflower oil blend in a diesel engine

Abstract: This paper compares the effects of using a 25 to 75 blend (v/v) of alkali refined sunflower oil and diesel fuel in a diesel engine as compared to a baseline test on diesel fuel. There were no significant problems with engine operation during the baseline test. However, problems were experienced while using the blended fuel. The major problems were (1) abnormal buildup on the injection nozzle tips, (2) injector needle sticking, (3) secondary injection, (4) carbon buildup in the intake ports, (5) carbon deposits on the exhaust valve stems, (6) carbon filling of the compression ring grooves, and (7) abnormal lacquer and varnish buildup on the third piston land. 6 figures, 4 tables.

Development study on Jatropha curcas (sabu-dum) oil as a substitute for diesel engine oil in Thailand

Abstract: Jatropha curcas, popularly called sabu-dum in Thailand, is a small tree which will grow in semi-arid areas and produces an oil-bearing seed. In addition, it grows quickly and is easily propagated. In the study reported here, Jatropha curcas oil was tested as a substitute for diesel oil in a diesel engine test run and a diesel truck drive test. Previous research is also reviewed and areas for future research outlined.

Formation and Oxidation Processes of Soot Particulates in a D. I. Diesel Engine — An Experimental Study via the Two-Color Method

Abstract: Formation et oxydation des particules de suie dans un moteur diesel a injection directe. Etude experimentale par la methode des deux couleurs

Method of improving the efficiency of a supercharged diesel engine

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for improving the efficiency of a four-stroke-cycle internal combustion engine. The main purpose of the invention is to obtain an effective compression ratio that is capable of automatic variation without introducing additional elements whatever the load, but only by adapting the engine cycle timing diagram. Said timing diagram includes an overlap stage between the lifts of at least one exhaust valve and at least one intake valve, said intake valve being closed near or before the bottom dead center of the piston, and said exhaust valve being closed beyond the instant of fixed closing of the intake valve.

Exhaust gas cleaning device for diesel engines

Abstract: An exhaust particle cleaning device for a diesel engine includes a trap case provided in a passage way of exhaust gas A filter material is disposed in the trap case so that carbon particles or other exhaust particles contained in the exhaust gas can be caught within the filter material during the time the exhaust gas is passed through the filter material A plurality of electric heater elements are spread or dispersed on the upstream end face of the filter material, so that the exhaust gas passes through the areas defined between the plurality of heater elements The electric heater element may be coated with a ceramic material

Method and apparatus for controlling fuel injection timing in a compression ignition engine

Abstract: The method and apparatus for generating start of combustion signals associated with the combustion events in a diesel engine (10), and for using such signals to control the timing of fuel delivery to the engine. The combustion event is sensed, as by an electrostatic (230, 330) or optical (130, 430) sensor, and signal conditioning circuitry (32) provides a start-of-combustion (SOC) signal (34) which is directly and precisely indicative of the time of the onset of combustion. The sensors (130, 230) include self-cleaning capabilities (48, 248) for extended operating life on an engine. The sensors may be incorporated in the structure of a glow plug (330, 430). The SOC signal (34) is advantageously supplied to a timing control circuit (26) which delivers a timing control signal (28) to a fuel delivery device, such as the controller (16') associated with a fuel pump (16). The control circuit (26) stores (65) one or more start of combustion values (SOC*) which indicate the desired timing, relative to an engine cycle (24), for the start of the combustion event as a function of speed (25) and load (27). One or more adjustment signals (ΔSOC) are stored (75) and applied (67, 68) as a function of speed and load to adjust the desired signal (SOC*) such that the control signal (28, SOCc) is corrected for delays. The actual SOC signal (34) is compared (71) with the desired signal (66) to generate an error signal (72) which may be used to finely adjust the stored (75) ΔSOC signal for particular speed and load conditions.

Chemical Characterization of Organic Adsorbates on Diesel Particulate Matter

Abstract: The organic adsorbates on diesel particulate matter are characterized by a combination of chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques. These data are obtained for particulate matter generated under constant engine operating conditions using a model fuel and a synthetic lubricant, with air or argon/oxygen as the oxidant systems. The significance of these results is that the polycyclic aromatic compounds which were produced by these experiments are the inherent products from the diffusion controlled combustion in a diesel engine. Also, these results suggest that there are common intermediates which produce the polycyclic aromatic compounds that are independent of the structure and chain length of the hydrocarbon fuel. 27 refs.

Exhaust gas cleaning device for diesel engine

Abstract: An exhaust gas cleaning device for collecting carbon particulates in the exhaust gases, is disclosed. The device is provided with a filter member formed of a material having interconnected pores and an electric heater which is buried within the exhaust gas inlet end portion of the filter member. According to the exhaust gas cleaning device of the present invention, the carbon particulates collected in the inlet end portion of the filter member is directly heated by means of the electric heater which is provided in the inlet end portion of the filter member. Therefore, carbon particulates can be ignited by a small amount of electric power.

Dual fuel diesel engine

Abstract: A diesel engine is designed to burn on a mixture of liquid fuel or diesel, and liquefied petroleum gas, or gas. The diesel is injected into the cylinders as is conventional on diesel engines. The gas is mixed into the intake air. The output of the governor connects to a diesel control and a gas control. As more fuel is consumed, both the amount of diesel and the amount of gas is increased; however, the amount of gas is increased at a much faster rate than the amount of diesel is increased. At no load, the engine operates on about 76 percent diesel and 24 percent gas. At 100 percent load, the engine operates on about 80 percent gas and 20 percent diesel. A special gas valve is used.

Apparatus to remove solid particles and aerosols from a gas, especially from the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine

Abstract: To remove solid particles such as soot, aerosols, and the like, from the exhaust gas of an internal combustion (IC) engine, for example a Diesel engine, the solid particles and aerosols are first charged in an electrostatic field which is generated between a solid surface (2), preferably cylindrical, and pointed discharge elements, typically electrostatic spray disks (3). The solid particles will adhere together, and to the surface, to form--with respect to the original dust and soot particles and aerosols, large area flakes and agglomerates which are carried along by the gas flow, and are then separated out in a mechanical separator (7, 15, ).

Apparatus for maintaining a diesel engine in restarting condition

Abstract: A large primary engine is maintained in readiness to start under low ambient temperature conditions by a small auxiliary engine having a liquid cooling system in parallel with the cooling system of the primary engine. Exhaust from the auxiliary engine heats the coolant circulating through the two engines in a heat exchanger. The lubricating oil from the primary engine is also heated by the auxiliary engine exhaust in the same heat exchanger. A generator driven by the auxiliary engine charges the batteries used to start the primary engine.

Exhaust gas recirculation system for diesel engine

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation control system calculates a target EGR ratio value based upon engine operating parameters and maintains the EGR ratio at the target EGR ratio value. Each time the vehicle travels a predetermined distance, the control system calculates an actual EGR ratio value and corrects the target EGR ratio value to reduce a deviation between the target and actual EGR ratio values to zero.

Process through which soot intermixes into lubricating oil of a diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation

Abstract: Diesel engines equipped with exhaust gas recirculation reduce NOx emissions: however, engine combustion causes large amounts of soot to be produced. This soot intermixes with the contaminates lubricants thereby adversely affecting engine durability. The behavior of soot with EGR and the process by which soot intermixes with lubricant was investigated. The study indicates that the amount of soot intermixing with lubricants is related to exhaust smoke and the EGR rate. Most of the soot intermixes with the oil film on the cylinder wall. Intermixing with blow-by gas is very small.

Ethanol Injection into a Diesel Engine

Abstract: Agasoline-type, low pressure injection system was used to spray ethanol into the intake ports of a 31 kW, diesel tractor engine. The maximum practical levels of ethanol fumigation were determined at 12 combinations of load and speed, and for three proofs of ethanol. Up to 60 percent replacement of diesel fuel by ethanol was achieved. Factors limiting the level of ethanol fumigation were found to be misfiring at normal intake tempera-tures due to long ignition delay, and knocking at high in-take temperatures. Efficiency increased slightly at full load, but decreased at part load. Available power was in-creased.

Apparatus for maintaining a diesel engine at a ready to start temperature

Abstract: Apparatus for maintaining a diesel engine at a ready to start temperature includes a sensor responsive to the falling of the engine block temperature to a predetermined low value to actuate the starter for up to a predetermined maximum period of time and to actuate the fuel supply. A sensor responds to the attainment of a predetermined oil pressure corresponding to an engine running condition to de-actuate the starter and continue the actuation of the fuel supply to continue running of the diesel engine. The temperature sensor responds to the raising of the engine block temperature to a predetermined high value to de-actuate the fuel supply and thereby stop the diesel engine.

Device for economically preheating fuel by recovering energy from the fuel itself

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel economizer preheating device operating by recovering energy from the fuel itself in the supply circuit of an engine, in particular but not exclusively a diesel engine. Part of the heat supplied to the fuel between the tank and the injectors is transferred by the excess fuel, not to the tank but upstream of the injection pump to the fuel arriving in this region. The device is characterized by the fact that it comprises a heat exchanger (10) removing heat absorbed by the fuel in the vicinity of the injection pump or upstream of the latter and transferring the heat to the fuel arriving upstream of the injection pump (4). Preferably, the exchanger (10) is located upstream of a filter (5) in the immediate vicinity of the latter. A branch pipe (11), possibly integrated in the exchanger (10) makes it possible to by-pass the exchanger, depending on the temperature of the fuel.

Method for utilizing boil-off gas from cryogenic liquids as fuel in a dual gas/oil-burning diesel engine, and a system for utilizing the method

Abstract: Boil-off gas from cryogenic liquids is utilized as fuel in a dual gas/oil-burning diesel engine on board a vessel. The boil-off gas is compressed (2) to a high pressure and is introduced to the engine combustion chamber (17) during combustion by high pressure injection (12) which is controlled (13) in accordance with the combustion pressure, the desired revolutions per minute and the output power.

Vegetable oil fuel standards

Abstract: Suggested standards for vegetable oils and ester fuels, as well as ASTM specifications for No 2 diesel oil are given The following physical properties were discussed: cetane number, cloud point, distillation temperatures, flash point, pour point, turbidity, viscosity, free fatty acids, iodine value, phosphorus, and wax It was apparent that vegetable oils and their esters cannot meet ASTM specifications D975 for No 2 diesel oil for use in the diesel engine Vegetable oil modification or engine design modification may make it possible eventually for vegetable oils to become suitable alternative fuels Vegetable oils must be recognized as experimental fuels until modifications have been tested thoroughly and generally accepted 1 table (DP)

Performance and durability of a turbocharged diesel fueled with cottonseed oil blends

Abstract: Experiemntal fuels made up of cottonseed oil, transesterified cottonseed oil (methyl ester) and No. 2 diesel fuel have been compared to a baseline No. 2 diesel fuel in a turbocharged, open chamber diesel engine. All fuel blends were analyzed and their properties compared to those of typical No. 2 diesel fuels. Test results include data on performance, gaseous emissions and limited (200-hour) cyclic durability. Crankcase oil samples were withdrawn at regular intervals during durability tests and analyzed for indications of fuel-lubricant compatibility. The paper presents data obtained and discusses effects of fuel properties and engine operating conditions on the short and long-term response of existing diesels. 9 figures.

Removal of particulates from diesel engine exhaust gas

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for periodically oxidizing particulate matter trapped in and on an exhaust gas purifying device used in conjunction with a diesel engine Fuel normally delivered to selected combustion chambers is diverted to a fuel burning device associated with the purifying device The diversion deactivates the combustion process in the selected chambers The diverted fuel is then burned by the burning device to increase the exhaust gas temperature flowing through the purifying device and effect oxidation of collected particles

Filter for treating a particle-carrying gaseous stream

Abstract: Filter for treating a gas such as the exhaust gas stream from a diesel engine, which exhaust gas often conveys carbon particles into the atmosphere. The treating filter comprises a casing holding a plurality of serially arranged filter beds. The latter are comprised of monolith ceramic discs, and are maintained in spaced apart relationship by spacer rings to define a turbulation chamber between adjacent beds. Said beds are provided with an oxidation catalyst to promote incineration of the retained particles. The beds further serve to reinforce and support a non-rigid filtering media contained within the respective chambers.

Diesel fuel containing cyclohexane, and oxygenated compounds

Abstract: The amount of smoke, soot and invisible particulates emitted with the exhaust of engines run on diesel fuel is reduced by incorporating therein an additive consisting of a synergistic mixture of cyclohexane with an oxygenated compound which readily gives up oxygen during combustion. Also disclosed is a method of operating a diesel engine using the fuel of the invention.

Electrical fuel control system and method for diesel engines

Abstract: An electrical governor system for a turbocharged diesel engine which eliminates objectionable puffs of smoke when gears are shifted, by limiting the rate of fuel delivery to the engine at such times. The response characteristics of the turbocharger to changes in kinetic energy of the engine exhaust flow are determined and stored in a microprocessor memory. The engine operating parameters are monitored to produce signals representative of engine speed and fuel delivery rate, and these signals are supplied to the microprocessor to cause it to generate a signal representative of the maximum rate at which fuel can then be delivered to the engine without producing objectionable exhaust smoke. The latter signal is used to control the fuel-control each automatically, through a stepping motor arrangement, at appropriate times to limit the fuel delivery rate to said maximum and thus avoid objectionable smoke puffs.

Influence of Fuel Properties on the Combustion in Diesel Engine Driven by the Emulsified Fuels

Abstract: The authors investigated the influence of fuel properties on combustion with various emulsified fuels in a direct injection diesel engine. Results show that water-to-C heavy oil emulsion reduces NOx, CO and smoke as water-to-gas oil and water-to-C heavy oil emulsions do. The improvement of the specific fuel consumption, however, is less remarkable than expected. This is because the effect of water vapour explosion is smaller than in the other emulsified fuels.

Methylesters of plant oils as diesel fuels, either straight or in blends

Abstract: Engine and vehicle tests were carried out with three alternative Diesel fuels: straight methylester of soybean oil (MESO), 75 to 25 gasoil-MESO blend, and 68-23-9 gasoil-MESO-ethanol (anhydrous) blend. Fuel-relevant characteristics of the three Diesel alternatives are given, together with the phase diagram of the ternary blend. Power, torque and volumetric brake specific fuel consumption in an unmodified IDI Diesel engine reflect mainly the net volumetric heating values. Smoke decreases with the presence of oxygenate compounds as does the emission of CO, as measured on the chassis dynamometer. A rigorous durability bench test on straight MESO shows results entirely within VW specifications. Analyses have indicated that, for IDI engines, no lube-oil problems are anticipated. Investigation of compatibility of MESO with fuel system material reveals considerable similarity to gasoil, but some items may require adaptation or even substitution. 3 figures, 9 tables.