Showing papers on "Diffusion of innovations published in 2001"
TL;DR: In this article, a spatial multi-agent programming model was developed for assessing policy options in the diffusion of innovations and resource use changes in an agricultural region in Chile, where the individual choice of the farm-household among available production, consumption, investment and marketing alternatives is represented in recursive linear programming models.
714 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the role of marketing in the diffusion of the drug tetracycline and found no reasons to expect social contagion; instead, aggressive marketing efforts may have played an important role.
Abstract: This article shows that Medical Innovation—the landmark study by Coleman, Katz, and Menzel—and several subsequent studies analyzing the diffusion of the drug tetracycline have confounded social contagion with marketing effects. The article describes the medical community’s understanding of tetracycline and how the drug was marketed. This situational analysis finds no reasons to expect social contagion; instead, aggressive marketing efforts may have played an important role. The Medical Innovation data set is reanalyzed and supplemented with newly collected advertising data. When marketing efforts are controlled for, contagion effects disappear. The article underscores the importance of controlling for potential confounds when studying the role of social contagion in innovation diffusion.
699 citations
TL;DR: The authors analyzed the temporal dynamics of both environmental (individual) learning and biased cultural transmission processes by comparing these dynamics with the robust "5-shaped" curves that emerge from the diffusion of innovations literature.
Abstract: In challenging the pervasive model of individual actors as cost-benefit analysts who adapt their behavior by learning from the environment, this article analyzes the temporal dynamics of both environmental (individual) learning and biased cultural transmission processes by comparing these dynamics with the robust “5-shaped” curves that emerge from the diffusion of innovations literature. The analysis shows three things: (1) that environmental learning alone never produces the 5-shaped adoption dynamics typically observed in the spread of novel practices, ideas, and technologies; (2) that biased cultural transmission always produces the S-shaped temporal dynamics; and (3) that a combination of environmental learning and biased cultural transmission can generate 5-dynamics but only when biased cultural transmission is the predominate force in the spread of new behaviors. These findings suggest that biased cultural transmission processes are much more important to understanding the diffusion of innovations and sociocultural evolution than is often assumed by most theorists. [diffusion of innovations, cultural transmission, learning, cultural evolution]
378 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed profiles of consumers who have already conducted shopping through the Internet and of those who are interested to adopt Internet shopping as an innovation based on the theories and processes of consumer adoption decision and diffusion of innovations, measuring demographic and behavioural characteristics, as well as perceptions and preferences of Greek consumers towards distance shopping in general and Internet retailing in particular.
Abstract: This paper aims at developing profiles of consumers who have already conducted shopping through the Internet and of those who are interested to adopt Internet shopping as an innovation. Based on the theories and processes of consumer adoption decision and diffusion of innovations, the study measures demographic and behavioural characteristics, as well as perceptions and preferences of Greek consumers towards distance shopping in general and Internet retailing in particular. The survey conducted offers insightful preliminary empirical data based on which detailed profiles of Internet shoppers (“innovators”) and interested‐to‐adopt Internet shopping (“early adopters”) are developed. The empirical research findings of this study provide relevant managerial implications while setting the foundation for future research directions in this area.
154 citations
Book•
23 Oct 2001
TL;DR: The case of cellular mobile telephony is discussed in this article, where Harnessing lead markets for global innovative technologies is discussed, with an emphasis on the role of national policies.
Abstract: 1 Introduction.- 2 International Diffusion of Innovations: Overviews of Literature.- 3 Foundations of Lead Markets.- 4 The Case of Cellular Mobile Telephony.- 5 Harnessing Lead Markets for Global Innovations.- 6 Discussion, Limitations and Further Research.- 7 Epilogue: Implications for National Policies.- References.- Index of Figures.- Index of Tables.
135 citations
TL;DR: Organizational and market characteristics of nursing homes affect their propensity toward early adoption of innovations, and four market factors that increase the likelihood of early innovation adoption are larger bed size, chain membership, and high levels of private-pay residents.
Abstract: Purpose: This study examined organizational and market factors associated with nursing homes that are most likely to be early adopters of innovations. Early adopter institutions, defined as the first 20% of facilities to adopt an innovation, are important because they subsequently facilitate the diffusion of innovations to others in the industry. Design and Methods: Two groups of innovations were examined, special care units and subacute care services. I used discretetime logistic regression analysis and nationally representative data from 13,162 facilities at risk of being early adopters of innovations during twelve 6-month intervals from 1992 to 1997. Results: Organizational factors that increase the likelihood of early innovation adoption are larger bed size, chain membership, and high levels of private-pay residents. Four market factors that increase the likelihood of early innovation adoption are: a retrospective Medicaid reimbursement methodology, a more competitive environment, higher average income in the county, and a higher number of hospital beds in the county. Implications: This analysis shows that organizational and market characteristics of nursing homes affect their propensity toward early adoption of innovations. Some of the results may be useful for nursing home administrators and policy makers attempting to promote innovation.
88 citations
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derive four principles for the selection of an S-shaped trend model from the innovation diffusion literature on model selection, forecasting, and the uncertainties associated with forecasts.
Abstract: The selection of an S-shaped trend model is a common step in attempts to model and forecast the diffusion of innovations. From the innovation-diffusion literature on model selection, forecasting, and the uncertainties associated with forecasts, we derive four principles.
75 citations
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, partial observability models of innovation adoption are proposed to detect weak social contagion patterns that traditional event history models cannot detect in the presence of strong mass media effects.
Abstract: Many theories on the adoption and diffusion of innovations posit that adoption is the outcome of a decision process. A two-stage conception of that process involving an awareness stage followed by a stage combining evaluation and adoption seems particularly useful. Several empirical studies indicate that the effect of mass media and change agents is relatively concentrated in creating awareness, while the effect of personal influence from earlier adopters (i.e., social contagion) is more concentrated in bringing about a positive evaluation and hence adoption. A frustrating problem, however, is that most data record only the final outcome of the process, i.e. the time of adoption. We bridge this gap in richness between theory and data by developing new event history models, which we call partial observability models of innovation adoption. An application to the classic Medical Innovation data illustrates that these finergrained models can not only provide better descriptive fit but, more importantly, can also detect weak social contagion patterns that traditional event history models cannot detect in the presence of strong mass media effects.
62 citations
Proceedings Article•
01 Jan 2001TL;DR: Implementation strategies for POE should be designed to account for its complex nature and be implemented with maximum involvement of users and high levels of support, and is surrounded by an atmosphere of trust and collaboration.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To interpret the results of a cross-site study of physician order entry (POE) in hospitals using a diffusion of innovations theory framework. METHODS: Qualitative study using observation, focus groups, and interviews. Data were analyzed by an interdisciplinary team of researchers using a grounded approach to identify themes. Themes were then interpreted using classical Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory as described by Rogers [1]. RESULTS: Four high level themes were identified: organizational issues; clinical and professional issues; technology implementation issues; and issues related to the organization of information and knowledge. Further analysis using the DOI framework indicated that POE is an especially complex information technology innovation when one considers communication, time, and social system issues in addition to attributes of the innovation itself. CONCLUSION: Implementation strategies for POE should be designed to account for its complex nature. The ideal would be a system that is both customizable and integrated with other parts of the information system, is implemented with maximum involvement of users and high levels of support, and is surrounded by an atmosphere of trust and collaboration.
60 citations
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey of the state of the art in the field of bioinformatics, with a focus on the use of data augmentation techniques.
Abstract: This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 7, pp. 4982–4986, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
36 citations
TL;DR: The barriers and facilitators in the redefining/restructuring stage were mainly related to the organisation of patient education, and in the clarifying and routinizing stages, barriers were related to repetition and knowledge transfer.
TL;DR: This exploratory study strives to examine the effectiveness of various information instruments in raising the awareness of ValuNet, a B2B inter-organizational EDI system being marketed by Tradelink for import and export firms in Hong Kong.
Abstract: Awareness of an innovation is a necessary prerequisite for its diffusion. Numerous information instruments could be employed as avenues of awareness creation by bodies that seek to promote the adoption of an innovation. A study of information awareness instruments is important because pre-adoption attitudes towards an innovation are formed primarily from the indirect experience offered (information conveyed) through such instruments. This exploratory study strives to examine the effectiveness of various information instruments in raising the awareness of ValuNet, a B2B inter-organizational EDI system being marketed by Tradelink for import and export firms in Hong Kong. The study also investigates whether awareness creation through information instruments perceived to be of value to organizations, could result in greater intentions to adopt the innovation. The findings of this study indicate that interpersonal-cosmopolite instruments such as direct mailing, promotional materials, and seminars by Tradelink ...
TL;DR: A review of the current state of research according to dominant mass communication theories and lines of research can be found in this article, focusing on agenda setting, framing, diffusion of innovations, gap hypotheses, third-person effects, cultivation, priming, social cognition, uses and gratifications, and critical/cultural studies.
Abstract: This chapter reviews the current state of research according to dominant mass communication theories and lines of research. Theoretical perspectives addressed include agenda setting, framing, diffusion of innovations, gap hypotheses, third-person effects, cultivation, priming, social cognition, uses and gratifications, and critical/cultural studies. Prominent lines of research falling within or between these perspectives include media portrayals, media constructions, health issues, newer technologies, cultural maintenance and change, children and media, and political communication. The perspectives reflect different beliefs as to the roles of the audience, media, and society. Some emphasize purposeful individual selection and use, whereas others stress the power of media to influence societal directions and audience beliefs. Investigations reflect both differences and commonalities in assumptions and approaches. Regardless of discipline, concentration, or perspective, however, the expansive research in th...
Book•
15 Nov 2001
TL;DR: The authors reprints key writings on different aspects of consumer psychology through theoretical to empirical work, including foundations, theories and models of consumer behavior; interpretive approaches; economic psychology of consumer behaviour; individual processes; beliefs, attitudes and decision processes; consumer choice, personality and cognitive style; the consumer environment; adoption and diffusion of innovations; socio-cultural influences, physical environment.
Abstract: This set reprints key writings on different aspects of consumer psychology, through theoretical to empirical work. The areas covered include: foundations; theories and models of consumer behaviour; interpretive approaches; economic psychology of consumer behaviour; individual processes; beliefs, attitudes and decision processes; consumer choice, personality and cognitive style; the consumer environment; adoption and diffusion of innovations; socio-cultural influences, physical environment.
TL;DR: Bibliometric methods were able to represent the international diffusion of a scientific journal through citations and the development of the national distribution of its contributors.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to apply concepts of the diffusion of innovations research in thestudy of the international diffusion of a formerly national scientific journal, Annales ZoologiciFennici. The study was conducted using bibliometric methodology. The diffusion of the journalwas described through citations of the journal and through the development of the nationaldistribution of its contributors. The compatibility of the journal as well as the decrease ofcomplexity were found to have an influence on diffusion. Bibliometric methods were able torepresent the international diffusion of a scientific journal.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the role of national pharmacy organizations in fostering the practice philosophy of pharmaceutical care and discuss the extent to which, and the pace at which, a professional organization can influence change in the practice of pharmacy.
Abstract: At is my pleasure to discuss the role of national pharmacy organizations in fostering the practice philosophy of pharmaceutical care. Let me begin with a caveat. I have invested substantial time and energy in bringing my own organization "on board" with the concept. Hence, I am hardly a disinterested observer. Nevertheless, I have tried, in preparing these remarks, to be objective; you will have to decide for yourself how well that goal has been achieved. An issue that has interested me for a long time is the extent to which, and the pace at which, a professional organization can influence change in the practice of pharmacy. In the framework of the "diffusion of innovations" model of Everett Rogers,1 can a pharmacy association be an effective, forceful change agent? This is the underlying question I address in this paper, using pharmaceutical care as a case study. Research on the diffusion of innovations shows that (1) the time it takes for innovations to be adopted varies but the overall pattern of adoption is predictable, innovation to innova-
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue the need for research of innovative practice transfer within VET in Australia, using qualitative case study in order to develop an in-depth and rich description of the process, and facilitate greater understanding of how it works in practice.
Abstract: Significant changes have occurred over the last decade within the Australian Vocational Education and Training (VET) system. Not least amongst these has been a shift from a predominantly traditional face-to-face classroom model of programme delivery to more flexible models informed by the needs of clients. To lead this revolution, in 1991 the Australian Commonwealth and State Ministers for Training established the Flexible Delivery Working Party. A series of reports followed that sought to develop a policy framework, including a definition of flexible delivery, and its principles and characteristics. Despite these efforts, project funding and national staff development initiatives, several difficulties have been experienced in the ‘take-up’ of flexible delivery; problems that we argue are related to how the dissemination of innovative practice is conceived. Specifically, the literature and research on the diffusion of innovations points to the efficacy of informal social networks ‘in which individuals adopt the new idea as a result of talking with other individuals who have already adopted it’ (Valente, 1995, p. ix). Following a discussion of these issues, the article concludes by arguing the need for research of innovative practice transfer within VET in Australia, using qualitative case study in order to develop an in-depth and rich description of the process, and facilitate greater understanding of how it works in practice.
07 Apr 2001
TL;DR: The results indicate that the implementation of Outlook was not viewed as a major event in the life of the organization, and suggest that diffusion of technological innovations may be different from diffusion on non-technological innovations.
Abstract: This study examined the influence of sources of information on end users’ decision to adopt an innovation. The study used an on-line survey to collect data regarding respondents’ perceptions of structured implementation activities and other sources of influence on their reported adoption of Microsoft Outlook at a large, Midwestern university. The research questions were based on Rogers’ model of the diffusion of innovations, and the work of Fulk, Lewis and Seibold, and Weenig on the influences of information sources on adoption of innovations. Results showed that respondents who were exposed to information from informal channels and structured implementation activities (e.g., informational meetings conducted at the unit level) were significantly different from those who received no information through these channels. Perceptions of quantity or quality of information received through informal and official channels were not significantly correlated with adoption. The results indicate that the implementation of Outlook was not viewed as a major event in the life of the organization, and suggest that diffusion of technological innovations may be different from diffusion on non-technological innovations.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors test the goodness of fit of different diffusion models that include the variable distribution, and then analyze the existence of the effects of country and time in the parameters of diffusion currently employed in different European countries.
Abstract: The objective of this study was two fold: first, we wanted to test the goodness of fit of different diffusion models that include the variable “distribution”, and then analyze the existence of the effects of “country” and “time” in the parameters of diffusion currently employed in different European countries. The literature on the matter suggests, on the one hand, that the diffusion models applied so far that employ multi‐equation systems are not obviously better than other single‐equation models that ignore marketing variables; and, on the other hand, that the socio‐economic environment and the time‐lag are both factors of the differences that the diffusion process offers among different geographical areas. As a novelty, our methodology proposes single‐equation models that include the distribution, to which several indicators of the goodness of fit are applied, along with statistical tests on the differences in parameters among countries. The empirical application carried out in Spain, France and Italy demonstrates the superiority of the model proposed here, based on the Generalized Bass model. It also indicates a “country” effect, between Spain and France as well as between Italy and France
TL;DR: In this article, the formation of influence networks to the coexistence of technologies in the long run is discussed, where initial relations are partly negative and all the expected utilities are revised in parallel.
Abstract: The aim of the article is to relate the formation of influence networks to the coexistence of technologies in the long run. In the spirit of Plouraboue et al. (1998), we postulate that potential adopters of a technology are situated in a social network. In our model, initial relations are partly negative and all the expected utilities are revised in parallel. In the case of an exogenous network, opinions can fluctuate endlessly. When agents reallocate their relationships, this reinforces trust in agents whose opinion is close to theirs. As a result of this process, the network stabilizes in the long run, generating diversity in expected utilities.
TL;DR: Research during the next 25 years will eventually result in a radical transformation of health behavior research, including the increased use of automated data collection methods and the widespread adoption of research-based programs.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To review progress in the field of health behavior research and suggest future directions. METHODS Reviewed the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of research during the past 25 years and identified likely technological changes that will impact research during the next 25 years. RESULTS In the not-too-distant future, normal science will be transformed by broad-based diffusion of innovations, some of which will include the increased use of automated data collection methods and the widespread adoption of research-based programs. CONCLUSION Research during the next 25 years will eventually result in a radical transformation of health behavior research.
24 Oct 2001
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied a large distributed organization to discover how and why a data conferencing technology was disseminated rapidly in a relatively short time, and they interpret their results to show that the technology has spread on an on-demand basis rather than through formal channels that the company had established.
Abstract: The rise of virtual collocation in distributed organizations may lead to new patterns of technology adoption. Whereas previous studies of technology diffusion (e.g. Rogers, 1995) point to the role of mass media and interpersonal communication in adoption, we find that collaborating partners who rarely see one another are important contributors to the diffusion of virtual collocation technologies. We studied a large distributed organization to discover how and why a data conferencing technology was disseminated rapidly in a relatively short time. We interpret our results to show that the technology has spread on an on-demand basis rather than through formal channels that the company had established. We connect this growth in usage with Rogers' theories about the diffusion of innovations and the social networks in place at this organization.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: An algorithm is presented that describes and computes the propagation of innovation in such a graph that generates a network of cross-monitoring companies that is here modeled as a directional graph.
Abstract: This paper presents a model of adoption and diffusion of innovations that concern the technology of e-commerce. First, a model of optimal adoption of e-commerce innovation is presented. In this model web companies are assumed to behave in an imitative way: facing an innovation of uncertain profitability, they perceive the adoption decisions of other e-traders as favourable signals. This behaviour generates a network of cross-monitoring companies that is here modeled as a directional graph. Finally, the paper presents an algorithm that describes and computes the propagation of innovation in such a graph.
Dissertation•
19 Dec 2001
TL;DR: It was determined that three factors influenced a faculty member's decision to adopt and implement the innovation: technology, pedagogy, and presentation style, and innovation characteristics: compatibility, trialability, relative advantage and observabilty are most important to consider for the adoption of web media objects for university course instruction.