Showing papers on "Emancipation published in 2001"

Cultural Trauma: Slavery and the Formation of African American Identity

Abstract: In this book, Ron Eyerman explores the formation of the African-American identity through the theory of cultural trauma. The trauma in question is slavery, not as an institution or as personal experience, but as collective memory: a pervasive remembrance that grounded a people's sense of itself. Combining a broad narrative sweep with more detailed studies of important events and individuals, Eyerman reaches from Emancipation through the Harlem Renaissance, the Depression, the New Deal and the Second World War to the Civil Rights movement and beyond. He offers insights into the intellectual and generational conflicts of identity-formation which have a truly universal significance, as well as providing a compelling account of the birth of African-American identity. Anyone interested in questions of assimilation, multiculturalism and postcolonialism will find this book indispensable.

Outside the Fold - Conversion, Modernity, and Belief

Abstract: This text presents a re-examination of religious conversion. The author argues that conversion is an interpretive act that belongs in the realm of cultural criticism. To that end, this work examines key moments in colonial and postcolonial history to show how conversion questions the limitations of secular ideologies, particularly the discourse of rights central to both the British Empire and the British nation-state. Implicit in such questioning is an attempt to construct an alternative epistemological and ethical foundation of national community. Viswanathan grounds her study in an examination of two simultaneous and, she asserts, linked events: the legal emancipation of religious minorities in England and the acculturation of colonial subjects to British rule. The author views these two apparently disparate events as part of a common pattern of national consolidation that produced the English state. She seeks to explain why resistance, in both cases, frequently took the form of religious conversion, especially to "minority" or alternative religions. Confronting the general characterization of conversion as assimilative and annihilating of identity, Viswanathan demonstrates that

Land, Labor, and Difference: Elementary Structures of Race

Abstract: logic, as in the case of Jeffersonian rhetoric, emancipation actually did let them in. Thus it was no accident that a concomitant response to the crisis provoked by emancipation should have been the colonization movement, which, in advocating the spatial externalization of blacks, proposed an alternative natural barrier with which to effect their separation.49 An objection may suggest itself. If, in the absence of slavery, blacks became anomalous, like Indians inside the frontier, why did white society not seek to eliminate blacks in the same way as Indians-by assimilation? Indeed, in a passage removed from subsequent editions of the Jeffersoniad, Thomas Jefferson himself has been cited as suggesting just this solution to the problem posed by emancipation: "The course of events will likewise inevitably lead to a mixture of the whites and the blacks and as the former are about five times as numerous as the latter the blacks will ultimately be merged in the whites."50 But five to one is not nearly as comfortable a disproportion as fifty or a hundred to one. Not that demography is an answer in itself. Nor is it simply a natural occurrence. Rather, demographic imbalance is a product of history.51 In this case, it represents the difference between one group of people who had survived a centuries-long genocidal catastrophe with correspondingly depleted numbers and another group who, as commodities, had been preserved, their reproduction constituting a singularly primitive form of accumulation for their owners. Moreover, these histories were ongoing. In large areas of the agricultural South, for instance, the ending of slavery did not mean that blacks became anomalous overnight. On the contrary, they continued to furnish a cheap source of labor.52 Even when unemployed, their mere presence as a hyperexploitable alternative depressed white workers' wages. Thus we need to be clear: in the wake of slavery, blacks did not become physically anomalous as labor; they became juridically anomalous as equals. In the case of Indians within, by contrast, their very presence was anomalous-as Gary Nash put it, whites "coveted Indian land but not land with Indians on it."53 Since the oppression of blacks outlived emancipation, we should not allow the discontinuation of slavery to distract us from the continuities that obtain. As Frederick Cooper, Thomas Holt, and Rebecca Scott (one of them, at least) observed of histories that fail to link the slave era to the present, "Slave labor could be analyzed in economic, social, and political terms, but free labor was often 49 P. J. Staudenraus, The African Colonization Movement, 1816-1865 (New York, 1961). In this connection, it should be acknowledged that the idea of colonization had black support, both at the time (Paul Cuffe, John B. Russworm) and later (Marcus Garvey, who also endorsed a form of segregation). 50 In J. A. Rogers, Sex and Race: Negro-Caucasian Mixing in All Ages and All Lands, 3 vols. (New York, 1940-44), 2: 186. 51 And, as will be argued below, of culture. 52 For a recent account, see Rebecca J. Scott, "Fault Lines, Color Lines, and Party Lines: Race, Labor, and Collective Action in Louisiana and Cuba, 1816-1912," in Thomas C. Holt, Scott, and Frederick Cooper, eds., Beyond Slavery: Explorations of Race, Labor, and Citizenship in Postemancipation Societies (Chapel Hill, N.C., 2000), 61-106. 53 Gary B. Nash, Red, White, and Black: The Peoples of Early North America, 3d edn. (Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1992), 297. This is not, of course, to suggest that whites have failed to exploit Indian labor. After all, it has been there for the exploiting. The point is that the continuing presence of Indian labor occurs in spite of rather than as a result of the primary tendency of settler-colonial policy. AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW JUNE 2001 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.51 on Tue, 21 Jun 2016 06:35:24 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

The Bible and the Third World: Precolonial, Colonial and Postcolonial Encounters

Abstract: Introduction Part I. Precolonial Reception: 1. Before the empire Part II. Colonial Embrace: 2. White men bearing gifts: diffusion of the Bible and scriptural imperialism 3. Reading back: resistance as a discursive practice 4. The colonialist as a contentious reader: Colenso and his hermeneutics 5. Textual pedlars: distributing salvation - colporteurs and their portable Bibles Part III. Postcolonial Reclamations: 6. Desperately looking for the indigene: nativism and vernacular hermeneutics 7. Engaging liberation: texts as a vehicle of emancipation 8. Postcolonialising biblical interpretation Afterword Bibliography Index of biblical references Index of names and subjects.

After International Relations: Critical Realism and the (Re)Construction of World Politics

Abstract: Introduction I. Overcoming International Relations 1. How it all Started? Can it End? A Genealogy of the International Problematic 2. Learning from Alker: From Quantitative Peace Research to Emancipatory Humanism 3. How to Tell Better Stories About World Politics II. Explicating a Critical Realist Methodology 4. Critical realist Ontology 5. Double Hermeneutics of Iconic Modeling 6. The Normative Logic of Explanatory Emancipation III. Visions of World Politics 7. Modeling Thucydides' Melos Episode 8. A Global Security Community 9. From Security to Emancipatory World Politics: Beyond 'Nordic Nostalgia' Epilogue

Jewish Marriage and Divorce in Imperial Russia

Abstract: ChaeRan Freeze explores the impact of various forces on marriage and divorce among Jews in 19th-century Russia. Challenging romantic views of the Jewish family in the shtetl, she shows that divorce rates among Russian Jews in the first half of the century were astronomical compared to the non-Jewish population. Even more surprising is her conclusion that these divorce rates tended to drop later in the century, in contrast to the rising pattern among populations undergoing modernization. Freeze also studies the growing involvement of the Tsarist state. This occurred partly at the behest of Jewish women contesting patriarchy and parental power and partly because the government felt that Jewish families were in complete anarchy and in need of order and regulation. Extensive research in newly-declassified collections from twelve archives in Russia, Ukraine, and Lithuania enables Freeze to reconstruct Jewish patterns of marriage and divorce and to analyze the often conflicting interests of Jewish husbands and wives, rabbinic authorities, and the Russian state. Balancing archival resources with memoirs and printed sources in Hebrew, Yiddish, and Russian, she offers a tantalizing glimpse of the desires and travails of Jewish spouses, showing how individual life histories reflect the impact of modernization on Jewish matchmaking, gender relations, the "emancipation" of Jewish women, and the incursion of the Tsarist state into the lives of ordinary Jews.

Reclaiming the political in Latin American history : essays from the North

Abstract: Acknowledgments I. The Politics of Writing Latin American History Reclaiming "the Political" at the Turn of the Millennium / Gilbert M. Joseph New Publics, New Politics, New Histories: From Economic Reductionism to Cultural Reductionism--in Search of Dialectics / Emilia Viotti da Costa Between Tragedy and Promise: The Politics of Writing Latin American History in the Late Twentieth Century / Steve J. Stern II. The Contestation of Historical Narratives and Memory The Decline of the Progressive Planter and the Rise of Subaltern Agency: Shifting Narratives of Slave Emancipation in Brazil / Barbara Weinstein A Past to Do Justice to the Present: Collective Memory, Historical Representation, and Rule in Bahia's Cacao Area / Mary Ann Mahony Revolutionary Nationalism and Local Memories in El Salvador / Jeffrey L. Gould III. Articulating the Political: The Intersection of Class, Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Generation The Flight from the Fields Reconsidered: Gender Ideologies and Women's Labor After Slavery in Jamaica / Diana Paton A More Onerous Citizenship: Illness, Race, and Nation in Republican Guatemala / Greg Grandin Nationalism, Race, and the Politics of Imperialism: Workers and North American Capital in the Chilean Copper Industry / Thomas Miller Klubock Good Wives, Bad Girls, and Unfaithful Men: Sexual Negotiation and Labor Struggle in Chile's Agrarian Reform, 1964-73 / Heidi Tinsman IV. Historians and the Making of History Bearing Witness in Hard Times: Ethnography and Testimonio in a Postrevolutionary Age / Florencia E. Mallon Afterword: A Final Reflection on the Political / Daniel James Contributors Index

Race, Tribe, and Power in the Heart of Africa

Abstract: This is an essay about evil. Its setting is Africa. The characters are mostly African, with an American narrator and Americans in supporting roles. The time is the last decade of the twentieth century, post-Cold War. But the questions are timeless and universal: How do evil people operate? What accounts for their power? Why do people follow? I first went out to Africa in 1983 as a wide-eyed freelance newspaper correspondent drawn to the great emancipation drama then unfolding in South Africa. I had fancied myself a budding specialist on race relations when, fresh out of college a few years earlier, I had gone to work for newspapers in Alabama and Georgia. But I was born too late to witness the wrenching traumas of the civil rights era. I had studied history in college, and as a journalist I wanted to watch history in the making. I was also the sort of person who, while shopping for fitted bed sheets in a Kmart in suburban Atlanta, felt myself suffocating, yearning to explore some of the grittier precincts of the globe. The struggle to bring down apartheid was my kind of story: a stirring crusade against manifest evil, the infamous system of racial tyranny helpfully delineated in black and white. As is often the case in Africa, things didn't work out the way I had planned them. Visa problems kept me out of South Africa for a time, and so I wound up taking the slow road down the continent from Cairo: trains, buses, boats, trucks, taxis packed so tightly that my arms and legs fell asleep. There is a joke among expatriates in Sudan that once you have drunk from the White Nile, you're infected for life. In spite of myself, I had to agree. There was something about Africa that got into my blood and stayed there. Partly it was the magnitude of the dramas sweeping the continent. Africa is a part of the world, I discovered, where multiple eras of history are taking place simultaneously: biblical plagues and famines, genocide, slavery, revolution, emancipation, nation building. In Sudan, I learned, a civil war had begun the year I was born and lasted until I was in high school. Half a million southern Sudanese had died. This

God Alone is King: Islam and Emancipation in Senegal: The Wolof Kingdoms of Kajoor and Bawol, 1859-1914

Abstract: Introduction PART I ISLAM & MONARCHY Kajoor & Bawol in the mid-nineteenth century - Civil war & conquest: monarchy & Islam in Kajoor, 1859-1890 - 'God alone is King': reconceptualising Murid Islam - Creating colonial order: state & society in Bawol, 1894-1903 PART II SLAVERY & EMANCIPATION Slavery under siege, 1890-1905: colonialism, resistance & runaways - Emancipation from below: the emergence of a muslim peasantry, 1890-1914 - Civilising missions & the peasantry: Murid Islam & the colonial state - Conclusion

Haitians and African Americans: A Heritage of Tragedy and Hope

Abstract: "In this well-documented and perceptively argued analysis, Leon D. Pamphile straightforwardly examines multifaceted aspects of the relations between African Americans and Haitians both at home and abroad and insightfully shows how these two subalternized groups have inscribed chunks of their histories inside the genealogies of each other's life trajectories."--Michel S. Laguerre, University of California, Berkeley In this first comprehensive study of the relations between Haiti and black America from the colonial period to the present, Leon Pamphile shows how historical ties between these two communities of the African diaspora have affected their respective histories, cultures, and community lives. Spanning some 200 years of relations between Haiti and African Americans, Pamphile's study is valuable for its thorough grounding in primary material, offering especially detailed treatments of 19th-century relations. He examines perceptions of Haiti in the United States during the debate over emancipation and slavery in the first half of that century and Haiti's role as a model in the struggle for liberation and then an asylum for many escaping oppression in the United States. His treatment of the decades from emancipation into the early 20th century, as descendants of African slaves struggled for legitimacy and respect in the post-slavery setting, is similarly meticulous. He highlights efforts to rehabilitate and elevate the black communities as well as dilemmas posed to African American leaders who defended Haitian independence during the U.S. occupation of 1915-34 and then sought to promote economic development on the island. He also treats relations between Haitian Americans and African Americans in major U.S. cities such as Baltimore, New Orleans, Charleston, and Philadelphia and traces the changing view of African American leaders toward Haiti during the Duvalier and post-Duvalier period as well as the role played by African American leaders in the U.S.-Haiti policy debate. His account covers individuals and events up to the period immediately following the multinational intervention of 1994. Pamphile demonstrates that Haiti and the African American community, though separated by national cultures, remained linked by the common experience of slavery and its aftermath. His detailed accounts of these connections in the areas of politics, agriculture, performing arts, religion, and family organization will provide valuable insights to scholars working in Caribbean and American history and foreign policy and in race relations. Leon D. Pamphile is the founder and executive director of the Functional Literacy Ministry, which provides reading materials and instruction in Haiti. He is the author of "La Croix et le Glaive: L'Eglise Catholique sous l'Occupation Americaine," winner of the 1990 book prize from the Historical and Geographical Society of Haiti, and of "Education en Haiti sous l'Occupation Americaine, 1915-1934."

War, reform and state -building in Brazil and in the United States: Slavery, emancipation and decision -making processes in the Paraguayan and civil wars (1861--1870)

Abstract: The present dissertation undertakes a comparative-historical analysis of the impact of the American Civil War and the Paraguayan War on the American and the Brazilian populations. It investigates how both war's dynamics interfered with the social orders existent in both countries. It underlines the impact of recruitment to show how the pronounced growth of each national state during wartime interfered with the lives and customs of the populations subjected to the draft. War mobilization is always a dramatic event in any society. Increasing government intervention during wartime normally leads to a temporary invasion of local prerogatives through recruitment and mobilization. The remarkable political centralization established during these processes frequently resulted in a reduction of local autonomy. Many of these problems were similar in both countries although they found very different solutions in the postwar period. The long-term results were very dissimilar, both for the patterns of state organization and for the place of racial and socially oppressed groups. These solutions affected the distribution of power, the place of the races and the historical memory of war events in the decades following the ends of the two wars.

Vertigo and Emancipation, Creole Cosmopolitanism and Cultural Politics:

Abstract: This article explores the politics and culture of Creole cosmopolitanism, which emerged in the French post-slavery colonies. It argues that Creole cosmopolitanism offers a framework to imagine oneself in the world. As a form of resistance to the French assimilative project, to absolutist ethnicisms and to abstract universalism, Creole cosmopolitanism imagines a world of trans-local solidarities, a way of being-in-the-world that acknowledges difference and diversity.

Emancipation and Self-determination of People with Learning Disabilities and Down-sizing Institutional Care

Abstract: In Arduin, an organisation for services to people with learning disabilities in the Netherlands, the emancipation and self-determination of people with learning disabilities has been positively adopted as fundamental in order to secure the best possible quality of life of the clients. The client is being encouraged in several ways in a development from a position of dependence towards self-determination. The services provided by the organisation had to be adjusted accordingly and are also going through a transition from 'providing a total care service' towards 'offering the support that the client desires'. In this article the background and developments in perception are being outlined, and those dimensions in quality of life are elaborated that are seen as most essential in the innovation: inclusion, self-determination and personal development. The choices that were made as a consequence in Arduin and most fundamental the choice to dismantle the institution are described.

Pamphlets of Protest : An Anthology of Early African-American Protest Literature, 1790-1860

Abstract: Pamphlets of Protest: An Anthology of Early African-American Protest Literature, 1790-1860. Edited by Richard Newman, Patrick Rael, and Phillip Lapsansky. (New York: Routledge, 2001. Pp. viii, 326. $45.00.) In the final pamphlet in this anthology, a reprinted speech by T. Morton Chester before the Philadelphia Library Company in 1862, the author urges his audience to replace the pictures of white heroes on their walls with equally worthy African Americans. "The lives and usefulness of such persons would be examples for all time to come, and stimulate others to earn a place upon the scroll of time" (309). In a sense, this volume is an attempt to display the literary labors of African-American pamphleteers before the Civil War who could easily be placed on such a wall as champions of the principles of freedom and equality. This anthology is distinctive in a number of ways. It is devoted entirely to pamphlets, which the editors consider a distinct genre because pamphlets were more quickly published than books (facilitating responses to the arguments of others) and more extensive in their arguments than simple broadsides. Pamphlets also differed markedly from the writing in slave narratives, the editors argue, because of the greater freedom of the writers to depart from an established format that had been influenced by whites. Secondly, this collection includes twenty-five pamphlets, far more than the only similar pamphlet anthology, Negro Protest Pamphlets, published by Arno Press in 1969; however, not all the pamphlets in this collection are printed in their entirety. Third, the editors have included four female writers (Elizabeth Wicks, Maria W. Stewart, Mary Ann Shadd, and Mary Still), providing an opportunity to compare their insights to those of their male counterparts. Finally, eight of the selections appeared before 1830, a greater weighting to early national thought than is generally given. The collection begins with Absalom Jones's and Richard Allen's "A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Black People During the late Awful Calamity in Philadelphia" (1794), which was the first black pamphlet to be copyrighted (although it may not have been the first one published). It concludes with two pamphlets written during the Civil War but before the Emancipation Proclamation. Although diverse in topics, rhetorical strategies, and proposed approaches to reform, all reflect a desire to claim the public sphere for African Americans and use the power of the written word (hitherto the exclusive property of whites) to attack racial prejudice and slavery. The editors introduce the collection with a substantial essay addressing the significance of the pamphlets for African-American studies and pointing out both changes and continuities in themes and literary conventions over time. They synthesize the most recent research on the pamphleteers as well as presenting their own conclusions. Although African-American writers consistently "demanded change and in no small way helped to achieve it" (2), as time passed, they became more aggressive and radical, meeting the challenges of black laws, race riots, and gag rules with an extended, if conflicting, agenda of race pride, emigration, full U. …

Employment, Disability, and the Americans with Disabilities Act: Issues in Law, Public Policy, and Research

Abstract: The Americans with Disabilities Act was heralded by its congressional sponsors as an "emancipation proclamation" for people with disabilities and as the most important civil rights legislation passed in a generation. This book offers an assessment of what has actually occurred since the ADA's enactment in 1990. In empirically based articles, contributors from the fields of law, health policy, government, and business reveal the unsoundness of charges from the right that the ADA will bankrupt industry, and assumptions on the left that the ADA will prove ineffective in helping people with disabilities enter and remain in the workforce.

Racial Stock and 8-Rocks: Communal Historiography in Toni Morrison’s Paradise

Abstract: There is no document of civilization which is not at the same time a document of barbarism. Walter Benjamin (258) With the publication of Paradise in 1998, Toni Morrison completed a trilogy of historical novels that began with Beloved (1987) and Jazz (1992). Broadly speaking, Morrison's trilogy is concerned with "re-membering" the historical past for herself, for African Americans, and for America as a whole: Beloved reconsiders the periods of Emancipation and Reconstruction, Jazz reconsiders the Harlem Renaissance, and Paradise is principally concerned with the Vietnam and civil rights era of the 1960s and 1970s. One of the most important concerns in the trilogy is the "use value" of narrative. Storytelling is historiography in Morrison's fiction, and in each novel she carefully examines the role of narrative in the reconstitution of both the individual self and society at large. But Morrison's method and focus for her project have evolved and widened over the course of the trilogy. Beloved and Jazz are principally concerned with the process of the individual reconstitution of the self, most notably for the characters of Sethe, Paul D, and Violet and Joe Trace. In Paradise, Morrison no longer concentrates on the individual process of reconstitution. While the individual process is still important--and intimately related to the communal--Morrison is more interested in assessing the role of narrative in the community as a whole. The protagonist of Paradise is, in fact, the community of Ruby, Oklahoma--including the rag-tag band of Convent women who live on its fringes. This essay will focus on the Ruby--centered narratives in Paradise, which focus on the patriarchy and emphasize a rigidly controlled communal historiography predicated on the subordination of the individual to the group. (1) Steward and Deacon Morgan-Ruby's recognized leaders--employ, enforce, and defend this communal narrative. The "Patricia section of Paradise then offers a complex counter-reading of Ruby's patriarchal historiography. The essay will conclude with a consideration of how the town as a whole narratively responds to the Convent massacre, and how that event impacts the patriarchal structure of the town. Isolated from the outside world, its very existence predicated on racial separatism, Ruby, Oklahoma, is experiencing growing pains in 1976. The descendants of its founding fathers--the 8-rocks, as Patricia Best Cato calls them (2)--control every essential aspect of the town, from the general stores to the banks. Deacon and Steward Morgan are twin brothers at the heart of the patriarchal system that has governed Ruby since its founding. Descendants of one of the original founding fathers, they are deeply engaged in preserving their idea of what Ruby should be. Their motivations are not solely--or even principally--moral or idealistic. Rather, the Morgans zealously desire to preserve the status quo, which means to preserve their power. Ironically, neither Steward nor Deacon Morgan have any children. Steward and Dovey are infertile, while Deacon and Soane's sons died in Vietnam. Their nephew, K.D. Morgan, is "their hope and their despair" (55)--the sole male heir to the Morgan fortune and power. In the opening pages of the "Grace" section of Paradise, the Morgans and the Fleet--woods meet at the Fleetwood house to discuss a problem: K.D. has struck his girlfriend, Arnette Fleetwood (daughter of one of the town's most prominent families). The men want to settle the problem on their own terms. In Ruby no outside judicial force is wanted or needed. The men like to believe a woman is safe enough to walk around the town at night unescorted because "Nothing for ninety miles around thought she was prey" (8). Given the violent opening section of the book, that line is savagely ironic. Of course, no women are present when the men discuss K.D. and Arnette. The men have, however, called in an outsider to negotiate a truce: Richard Misner, Ruby's Baptist preacher, whom the Morgans consider a potential threat. …

Overcoming Women's Subordination In The Igbo African Culture And In The Catholic Church

Abstract: A number of scholars have pointed to the loss of traditional Igbo egalitarian political institutions that accorded women a more integral role in pre-colonial Nigeria than exists now. This indicates that silencing womens voice and limiting their exercise of leadership as observed in many Igbo communities within and outside Nigeria today are not intrinsic to Igbo culture. They are an aftermath of the introduction of medieval Western Christian notions of womens inferiority into Nigeria by British colonizers Christian missionaries and the Nigerian male elite favored by the change. Many present-generation Igbos have no memory of these empowering traditions. Consequently they oppose change and wrongly accuse Igbo women who resist male oppression of not knowing their culture or of having lost it through exposure to the Euro-American womens movement. Incidentally womens current participation in government both in civil society and in Catholic Church leadership in the predominantly Moslem north of Nigeria far surpasses that in the more Christian southeast where women are often thought to be freer. This essay explores the seeds of gender equality in the egalitarian traditions of pre-colonial/pre-Christian Igbo society as possible sources of womens emancipation today. It also demonstrates how Judeo-Christian biblical cultural myths which reinforce current Igbo African cultural beliefs that control women can be reinterpreted to facilitate real equality in inter-gender relationships. (excerpt)

The Nation in the Village: The Genesis of Peasant National Identity in Austrian Poland, 1848–1914

Abstract: How do peasants come to think of themselves as members of a nation? The widely accepted argument is that national sentiment originates among intellectuals or urban middle classes, then "trickles down" to the working class and peasants. Keely Stauter-Halsted argues that such models overlook the independent contribution of peasant societies. She explores the complex case of the Polish peasants of Austrian Galicia, from the 1848 emancipation of the serfs to the eve of the First World War. In the years immediately after emancipation, Polish-speaking peasants were more apt to identify with the Austrian Emperor and the Catholic Church than with their Polish lords or the middle classes of the Galician capital, Cracow. Yet by the end of the century, Polish-speaking peasants would cheer, "Long live Poland" and celebrate the centennial of the peasant-fueled insurrection in defense of Polish independence. The explanation for this shift, Stauter-Halsted says, is the symbiosis that developed between peasant elites and upper-class reformers. She reconstructs this difficult, halting process, paying particular attention to public life and conflicts within the rural communities themselves. The author's approach is at once comparative and interdisciplinary, drawing from literature on national identity formation in Latin America, China, and Western Europe. The Nation in the Village combines anthropology, sociology, and literary criticism with economic, social, cultural, and political history.

Women Resist Globalization: Mobilizing for Livelihood and Rights

Abstract: 1 Introduction - Sheila Rowbotham and Stephanie Linkogle 2 Facets of Emancipation: Women in Movement from the Eighteenth Century to the Present - Sheila Rowbotham 3 Uncommon Women and the Common Good: Women and Environmental Protest - Temma Kaplan 4 Women Community and British Miners' Strike of 1984-85 - Meg Allen 5 Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Women's Self-Mobilization to Overcome Poverty in Uganda - Sylvia Tamale 6 Adithi - Creating Economic and Social Alternatives - Viji Srinivasan 7 New Roots for Rights: Women's Responses to Population and Development Policies - Navtej Purewal 8 Nicaraguan Women in the Age of Globalization - Stephanie Linkogle 9 Sexual Politics in Indonesia: From Soeharno's Old Order to Soeharto's New Order - Saskia E Wieringa 10 Creating Alternative Spaces: Black Women in Resistance - Pragna Patel of Southall Black Sisters interviewed by Paminder Parbha 11 Individual and Community Rights Advocacy Forum: Campaigning for Women's Rights in Papua New Guinea - Orovu Seope 12 Guatemala: Implementation of the Gender Demands Included in the Peace Accords and Lessons Learned - Clara Jimeno

"A new world for women"? Abortion law reform in Britain during the 1930s.

Abstract: "ABORTION MUST BE THE KEY TO a new world for women," wrote the British feminist Stella Browne in 1935. Browne believed that the public emancipation of women in such areas as politics and the economy demanded and was dependent on their emancipation in the private sphere of sexual and reproductive practice: "freedom of choice and deliberate intention are necessary for [women] in their sexual relations and their maternity, if they are to make anything of their status and opportunities." Toward this end, she advocated abortion as an "absolute right" spanning public and private realms.1 Browne evoked modern visions of femininity through abortion and emphasized the issue's liminality between public and private. These are themes also reflected in recent historical studies of abortion in North America and Europe. In work on post-1960 abortion in the United States, for example, Celeste Michelle Condit notes the intersection between changing discursive understandings of abortion and those of femininity, "a negotiated transformation of women's own private discourses" in public and private spheres, a view also adopted by Jane Jenson in her examination of abortion in France.2 Other studies of abortion have emphasized its role in problematizing the private female body in the context of the public sphere after World War 1.3 This is particularly true of work on the controversies surrounding Article 218 in interwar Germany and the 1920 loi sce'Mrate in France, as Cornelie Usborne, Atina Grossmann, and Mary Louise Roberts have shown.4

Caribbean slavery in the Atlantic world : a student reader

Abstract: This is a completely revised and expanded version of Caribbean Slave Society and Economy which has become a standard text in colleges and universities on both sides of the Atlantic. This new volume is made up of 17 sections comprising more than 70 articles which makes it the most comprehensive text of its kind available anywhere. Each of the 17 sections has a short introduction which provide the context for the general theme and for the essays which follow. The ambitiously wide range of coverage reflects the main themes of the most recent research and publication. The essays cover the sociology and economics of slavery, illustrating the dynamic relations between modes of production and social life. But it is the superstructure of slave systems that is the focus of a number of essays highlighting the debate on race and colour relations, health and morality, religion, recreational culture, women, family organization and kinship patterns. The selection also focuses on maturing anti-slavery consciousness and politics which are addressed as part of the discourse on social control and resistance. This theme provides part of the general background to investigations of the disintegration of the slave system from the Haitian Revolution to Spanish Caribbean emancipation towards the end of the 19th century.

The Problem of Tradition and Reform in Jewish Renaissance and Renaissancism

Abstract: n recent years, the idea of a "Jewish renaissance" has become an increasingly popular concept for much of American as well as EuropeanJewry.' The creation of Israel, the gradual restoration of Jewish life in countries once thought to be judenrein, the reassertion of Jewish consciousness in the midst of ever growing assimilation in the Anglo-American world: these phenomena have often been likened to a "rebirth" or "renaissance" in Jewish terms, a miraculous recovery and regeneration after the rupture of the Holocaust. "No Jew lives today," the historian Lionel Kochan wrote in 1992, "who has not in some measure been touched by the renaissance of his people during the last four to five decades."2 It is a renaissance that, for Kochan, is still in the making, perhaps even in its germinal stage, but nevertheless one that bears the features of a "second emancipation," greater, more complete, and more aware of itself than the first.3 At the turn of a new century, the idea of a 'Jewish renaissance," along with a wide variety of "renewal" or "revival" Judaisms, has entered synagogues and many realms of Jewish culture and education, replacing older models of ritualization and continuity with the promise of a new spirit and spirituality.4 Yet, though the concept of "renaissance" or "rebirth" enjoys considerable appeal in proactive circles, it has long come under suspicion among academic specialists in the humanities. To many historians, philosophers, and art historians, the nineteenth-century paradigm of the renaissance-particularly in its Italian manifestation-as a spontaneous rebirth of something new, ushering in the modern period, a

Feminist Philosophy and Information Systems

Abstract: This paper offers a new approach to the philosophical foundations of information systems (IS) through feminist philosophy and, in particular, feminist epistemology. This can be used to expose the universalizing tendency of many information systems and to show the importance of using real-life complex examples rather than the simplified examples often favored by philosophers. Within traditional epistemology and its relation to IS, subjectivity, the propositional/skills distinction and epistemic hierarchies are subject to arguments from feminist epistemology. With respect to the emerging critical school of IS, feminist epistemology, and within that, feminist standpoint theory, are used to examine the complexities of the positivist/anti-positivist position and the related concept of emancipation. In addition, it is argued that the liberal version of emancipation encapsulated in such systems may have an effect opposite to that of emancipation These issues are illustrated in an existing expert systems project.

Human Rights, Gender, and Ethnicity: Legal Claims and Anthropological Challenges in Mexico

Abstract: “Indigenous rights” has become a touchstone of the transition o democracy in tMexico. Since the Zapatista rebellion in 1994, the question of indigenous peoples has moved from its marginal position, understood as a problem of regional underdevelopment, to the center of the Mexican debate on the nature of the nation-state. The recognition of cultural diversity and autonomy for indigenous peoples has opened up an important discussion regarding how to imagine a multicultural society based on equity, tolerance and respect. This is one of the key points that a new identity policy has to confront in countries such as Mexico, where indigenous people have been cast as the center of the Mexican history but have been excluded from the contemporary national project, and are now the marginalized of the marginalized. What is new in this conjuncture is the active presence of indigenous organizations at a national, regional and local level participating in the political arena as principal actors demanding a new relation within the state and the legal recognition of their rights as indigenous peoples. The fight for regulation, for not being outside the law, symbolizes what Santos (1996) refers to as a key contradiction in modern societies between the paradigm of emancipation and the paradigm of regulation, in a moment where discourses of rights (ethnic, human, gender) open new ways to fight at the national and international level and can in a way support progressive emancipatory policies. This scenario signifies a great challenge to anthropologist, and social scientist in general, because of the urgent need to formulate alternative legal proposals recognizing cultural diversity. It is in this context that this article has to be understood.

How the dismal science got its name: Debating racial quackery

Abstract: Here is a fact that seems to surprise many deeply learned scholars. The term “dismal science†was applied to British political economy as the 1840s ended because of its role bringing about the emancipation of West Indian slaves in the 1830s. This paper addresses the consequences that follow from our ignorance of the role of classical economic theory in the anti-racial slavery coalition of Biblical literalists and utilitarians.

Port Jews and the Three Regions of Emancipation

Abstract: (2001). Port Jews and the Three Regions of Emancipation. Jewish Culture and History: Vol. 4, Port Jews: Jewish Communities in Cosmopolitan Maritime Trading Centres, 1550-1950, pp. 31-46.

An Eyewitness History of Slavery in America: From Colonial Times to the Civil War

Abstract: This volume presents facts of slavery, from the early slave trade in Africa through the end of slavery in the United States. Narrative sections in each chapter explore key aspects of slavery, including the crowded slave ships that transported Africans along the triangular trade routes to America, slave auctions, life and labour on a plantation, escape attempts and insurrection, and eventual emancipation. The book also includes firsthand accounts of the era - from diary entries, letters, speeches, and newspaper accounts - that illustrate how historical events appeared to those who lived through them. Excerpts from critical documents, such as the 1672 charter of the Royal African Company, the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, the Emancipation Proclamation, and the Thirteenth Amendment, as well as brief biographies of over 100 key figures, chronicles of events, and a comprehensive bibliography offer readers a complete overview of the experiences of enslaved peoples. Among the eyewitness testimonies included are those from: Benjamin Franklin; Abraham Lincoln; Sojourner Truth; Harriet Tubman; and Nat Turner.