Showing papers on "Empire published in 1990"

Sport and the British: A Modern History

Abstract: List of Plates Abbreviations Introduction I. OLD WAYS OF PLAYING 1. Before the Victorians 2. Cruelty and Sloth: The Abolitionists 3. Field Sports and the Decline of Paternalism 4. Survival and Adaptation II. AMATEURISM AND THE VICTORIANS 1. Public Schools 2. The Body in Victorian Culture 3. The Age of the 'Gentleman Amateur' 4. Female Sport and Suburbia III. LIVING IN THE CITY: WORKING-CLASS COMMUNITIES 1. Rational Recreation 2. The Life of the Street 3. Spectating and Civic Pride 4. Gambling, Animals, and Pub Sports 5. Flight from the City IV. EMPIRE AND NATIONS 1. Colonial Elites 2. The Imperial Idea and 'Native' Sport 3. Dominian Culture and the 'Mother Country' 4. Celtic Nationalism: Ireland, Wales, and Scotland 5. Enlishness and Britishness V. COMMERCIALISM AND VIOLENCE 1. Shareholders and Professionals 2. Press, Television, and Profit 3. Hooligans VI. CONCLUSION Appendix Bibliography Index.

Masks of Conquest: Literary Studies and British Rule in India

Abstract: In 19th century India, Viswanathan points out, the English literary text functioned as a mirror of the ideal Englishman in his most perfect state. The literature became a mask for economic expoloitation that camouflaged the material activities of the colonizing British government. In effect, the British goal was to create "brown Englishmen" in the service of the state and its mercantile objectives. This intellectually lively argument is covered in full by the author as her story unfolds. Viswanathan shows how the English studies introduced in India under British colonial rule came to be a most effective form of political control and how this abetted voluntary cultural assimilation. The author argues that challenges to the literary canon must take account of the role of Empire in the creation of modern English studies.

Empire and sexuality

Abstract: Problems and approaches sexual imperatives the British home-base empire and sexual opportunity sexual life of the Raj prostitution and purity chastity and the colonial service missionary confrontations conclusion - race, sex and empire.

The Cambridge history of early Inner Asia

Abstract: Preface 1. Introduction: the concept of Inner Asia Denis Sinor 2. The geographical setting Robert N. Taaffe 3. Inner Asia at the dawn of history A. P. Okladnikov 4. The Scythians and Sarmatians A. I. Melyukvoa 5. The Hsiung-nu Ying-Shih Yu 6. Indo-Europeans in Inner Asia A. K. Narain 7. The Hun period Denis Sinor 8. The Avars Samuel Szadeczky-Kardoss 9. The peoples of the Russian forest belt Peter B. Golden 10. The peoples of the south Russian steppes Peter B. Golden 11. The establishment and dissolution of the Turk empire Denis Sinor 12. The Uighars Colin Mackerras 13. The Karakhanids and early Islam Peter B. Golden 14. Early and medieval Tibet Helmut Hoffman 15. The forest peoples of Manchuria: Kitans and Jurchens Herbert Franke Bibliographies Index.

The First World War: An Agrarian Interpretation

Abstract: List of plates List of tables List of figures Introduction: Economic and social interpretation of the First World War Part I: How was Germany defeated?: Society under siege: Germany, 1914-1918 Food reform and food science Did Germany really starve? Food and the German State Collapse Part II: The Agrarian Bond: The United States, Canada, and Australia: Late-Victorian Britain - an import economy Causes of the Agricultural Depression, 1870-1924 The sod House against the manor house 'Like rats in a trap' - British urban society and overseas opportunties Coast, interior, and metropolis Wheat and Empire in Canada Asian labour on the Pacific rim: The struggle for exclusion, 1860-1907 Part III: The Atlantic ori entation: Fear of famine in British war plans, 1890-1908 Power and plenty: Naval mercantilism, 1905-1908 The dominion dimension Morality and Admiralty: 'Jacky' Fisher, economic warfare, and International law Blockade and its enemies, 1909-1912 Preparation and action, 1912-1914 Part IV: The other side of the North Sea: Economic development and national security in Wilhelmian Germany Germany: Economic preparation and the decision for war 'A second decision for war' - The U-boat campaign Neither dominion nor peace: Germany after the Armistice Conclusion List of sources cited Index

The Rise of merchant empires : long-distance trade in the early modern world, 1350-1750

Abstract: Acknowledgements Introduction James D. Tracy 1. Structural changes in European long-distance trade, and particularly in the re-export trade from south to north, 1350-1750 Herman van der Wee 2. The growth and composition of trade in the Iberian empires, 1450-1740 Carla Rahn Phillips 3. The growth and composition of the long-distance trade of England and the Dutch republic before 1750 Niels Ateensgaard 4. France, the Antilles, and Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries: renewals of trade Paul Butel 5. Productivity, profitability and costs of private and corporate Dutch shipping in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Jaap R. Bruijn 6. The Dutch and English East India Companies compared: evidence from the stock and foreign exchange markets Larry Neal 7. World bullion flows, 1450-1800 Ward Barrett 8. Merchant communities (1350-1750) Frederic Mauro 9. Economic aspects of the eighteenth century Atlantic slave trade Herbert S. Klein 10. Marginalisation, stagnation, and growth: the trans-Saharan caravan trade in the era of European expansion, 1500-1800 Ralph A. Austen 11. The 'decline' of the central Asian caravan trade Morris Rossabi 12. Merchant communities in pre-colonial India Irfan Habib 13. Merchants without empire: the Hokkien sojourning communities Wang Gungwu.

Britain and decolonisation : the retreat from empire in the post-war world

Abstract: Preface.- Maps.- Decolonisation.- War and Empire, 1939-45.- The Crisis of Empire, 1945-48.- World Power or Imperial Decline?.- Nationalism and Empire in the 1950s.- Winds of Change.- Winding Up.- Conclusion.- Notes and References.- Select Bibliography.- Index.

Unsettling the Empire: Resistance theory for the second world

Abstract: (1990). Unsettling the Empire: Resistance theory for the second world. World Literature Written in English: Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 30-41.

Explaining the Epigraphic Habit in the Roman Empire: The Evidence of Epitaphs

Abstract: It is now notorious that the production of inscriptions in the Roman Empire was not constant over time, but rose over the first and second centuries A.D. and fell in the third. Ramsay MacMullen pointed this out more than five years ago, with conclusions more cautionary than explanatory: ‘history is not being written in the right way’, he said, for historians have deduced Rome's decline from evidence that–since it appears only epigraphically–has merely disappeared for its own reasons, or have sought general explanations of decline in theories political, economic, or even demographic in nature, none of which can, in turn, explain the disappearance of epigraphy itself. Why this epigraphic habit rose and fell MacMullen left open to question, although he did postulate control by a ‘sense of audience’. The purpose of this paper is to propose that this ‘sense of audience’ was not generalized or generic, but depended on a belief in the value of romanization, of which (as noted but not explained by MacMullen's article) the epigraphic habit is also a rough indicator. Epitaphs constitute the bulk of all provincial inscriptions and in form and number are (generally speaking) the consequence of a provincial imitation of characteristically Roman practices, an imitation that depended on the belief that Roman legal status and style were important, and that may indeed have ultimately depended, at least in North Africa, on the acquisition or prior possession of that status. Such status-based motivations for erecting an epitaph help to explain not only the chronological distribution of epitaphs but also the differences in the type and distribution of epitaphs in the western and eastern halves of the empire. They will be used here moreover to suggest an explanation for the epigraphic habit as a whole.

Antigonos the One-eyed and the creation of the Hellenistic state

Abstract: Called by Plutarch 'the oldest and greatest of Alexander's successors,' Antigonos the One-Eyed (382-301 BC) was the dominant figure during the first half of the Diadoch period, ruling most of the Asian territory conquered by the Macedonians during his final twenty years. Billows provides the first detailed study of this great general and administrator, establishing him as a key contributor to the Hellenistic monarchy and state. After a successful career under Philip and Alexander, Antigonos rose to power over the Asian portion of Alexander's conquests. Embittered by the persistent hostility of those who controlled the European and Egyptian parts of the empire, he tried to eliminate these opponents, an ambition which led to his final defeat in 301. In a corrective to the standard explanations of his aims, Billows shows that Antigonos was scarcely influenced by Alexander, seeking to rule West Asia and the Aegean, rather than the whole of Alexander's Empire.

Naukar, Rajput, and sepoy : the ethnohistory of the military labour market in Hindustan, 1450-1850

Abstract: Preface List of abbreviations Glossary 1. Beyond the control of the state 2. A Warlord's fresh attempt at empire 3. The Rajput of pre-Mughal North India 4. Politics and entrepreneurship of a 'spurious' Rajput clan 5. Bhojpuri soldiering and the vicissitudes of Empire Epilogue Bibliography Index.

The white woman's burden: British feminists and the Indian woman, 1865–1915

Abstract: Historians of empire and of women have paid scant attention to the fact that British feminism matured during an age of empire, and that British feminists participated in the assumptions of national and racial superiority implicit in their culture. The purpose of this essay is to explore the ways in which modern British feminism was influenced by coming of age during this period of Britain's imperial rule. Josephine Butler's campaign on behalf of Indian women is one example of imperial feminism in action. A review of feminist periodical literature reveals that British feminists constructed the image of a helpless Indian womanhood on whom their own emancipation in the imperial nation state ultimately relied. Thus, in both practice and theory, the Indian woman served as a foil against which British feminists could gauge their own progress. In their quest for liberation and empowerment, Victorian and Edwardian feminists collaborated in the ideological work of empire, reproducing the moral discourse of imperialism and embedding feminist ideology within it.

Multiculturalism and British Identity in the Wake of the Rushdie Affair

Abstract: John Patten, home minister responsible for race relations, intervened publicly in the Rushdie affair first by writing an open letter addressed to “leaders and representatives” of Britain’s Muslim community. The very concept of “being British,” as presented by Patten and reaffirmed by liberal opinion in post-Rushdie Britain, is political. The Rushdie affair has helped to promote a new political discourse on “Britishness.” The unclarity of the notion of “multiculturalism” lies precisely in the question of its compatibility with that project after the arrival of nonwhite immigrants from what was once the empire into a self-proclaimed liberal society. Multicultural education has subsequently attracted nonwhite critics who see in it a compensatory model based on the conception of immigrants as inherently limited and thus as a special problem for “white society.” In the provision of social services, the notion of multiculturalism has had a trajectory comparable to that in education.

Romancing the Empire: The Embodiment of American Masculinity in the Popular Historical Novel of the 1890s

Abstract: In a speech urging the US to annex the Philippines in 1900, Senator Albert Jeremiah Beveridge asked: "What does all this mean for every one of us?" and then readily answered: "It means opportunity for all the glorious young manhood of the republic-the most virile, ambitious, impatient, militant manhood the world has ever seen" (qtd. in Paterson 391). Not specifying the opportunities for particular actions, Beveridge implied tautologically that the empire offered the arena for American men to become what they already were, to enact their essential manhood before the eyes of a global audience. Although the Spanish-American War was viewed as a chivalric liberation of Cuba and the Philippines from a tyrannical oldworld empire, Beveridge voiced an accompanying narrative: he welcomed the war's conquests as a rescue mission for American manhood, from the equally threatening forces of a modem industrial democracy. A similar rescue mission was conducted on the pages of the popular historical romance, where thinly veiled American heroes pursued chivalric adventures in bygone eras. In the opening scene from the 1898 best-seller, When Knighthood Was in Flower, the heroine declares passionately upon her first sight of the hero fighting a duel: "For once I have found a real live man, full of manliness" (Major 27). In these novels, settings from European and American history function as the fictional equivalent of the Philippines for Beveridge, as the site where a man can reassert his "militant manhood," and where a woman serves as the eyes of the world. Many contemporary readers linked the jingoistic clamor for foreign wars to what William Dean Howells called the "hor-

Past the last post : theorizing post-colonialism and post-modernism

Abstract: Modernism's last post, Stephen Slemon narration in the post-colonial moment - Merle Hodge's crick crack monkey, Simon Gikandi waiting for the post - some relations between modernity, colonization and writing, Simon During "Numinous Proportions" - Wilson Harris's alternative to all "posts". "The Empire Writes Back" - language and history in shame and midnight's children, Aruna Srivastava breaking the chain - anti-Saussurean resistance in Birney, Carey and C.S. Peirce, Ian Adam post, post and post. Or, where is South African literature in all this?, Annamaria Carusi. Slip page - Angela Carter, in/out/in the post-modern nexus, Robert Rawdon Wilson decolonizing the map - post-colonialism and the cartographic connection, Graham Huggan what was post-modernism?, John Frow being there, being there - Kosinsky and Malouf, Gareth Griffiths "Circling the downspout and Empire", Linda Hutcheon the white inuit speaks - contamination as literary strategy, Diana Brydon.

Colonial Latin America

Abstract: Acknowledgements 1. Iberia and America Before the Conquest Amerindian Civilization Civilizations on the Eve of European Conquest The Iberian World in the Late Fifteenth Century Exploration and the Caribbean Experiment 2. The Age of Conquest The Conquest of Mexico The Conquest of Peru The Ebbtide of Conquest Conundrums and Columbian Exchange 3. Ruling New World Empires Imperial Organization and Admininistration The Colonial Church 4. Population and Labor Changes in the Colonial Population Indian Labor Slavery and the Slave Trade 5. Production, Exchange, and Defense The Mining and Sugar Industries International Trade and Taxation Defense The Colonial Economy 6. Living in an Empire Securing an Income Urban and Rural Environments Colonial Society Race, Culture, and Class The Family Daily Life in the Colonies The Cultural Milieu 7. Imperial Expansion The Spanish Colonies, 1680s to 1762 Brazil in the Age of Expanision New Spain, Peru, and the Reforms of Charles III 8. Crisis and Collapse An Era of War and Crisis for Spain and Portugal Independence in South America Independence in Mexico and Central America Epilogue - A Note on Periodical Literature Glossary Illustration Sources and Credits Monarchs of Spain and Portugal INDEX

The rise of modern Japan

Abstract: 1. The Tokugawa Legacy 2. Western Challenge, Japanese Response 3. The Overthrow of the Tokugawa, 1860-1868 4. Building a Modern State, 1868-1894 5. The Meiji Emperor and the Meiji Constitution, 1873-1904 6. Cultural Borrowing, 1860-1912 7. Industrialization: the First Phase, 1860-1930 8. Capitalism and Domestic Politics, 1890-1930 9. Independence and Empire, 1873-1919 10. Soldiers and Patriots, 1918-1933 11. The New Order in Japan, 1931-1945 12. An Empire Won and Lost, 1937-1945 13. Military Occupation, 1945-1952 14. Conservative Democracy and the American Alliance, 1951-1972 15. The Economic Miracle 16. The End of the Showa Era, 1971-1989

An Institute for an Empire: The Physikalisch−Technische Reichsanstalt, 1871−1918

Abstract: List of illustrations List of tables Acknowledgments Abbreviations German institutions, organizations, and agencies Introduction 1. Physics and empire 2. Rift in the foundations 3. Between charisma and bureaucracy 4. Masters of measurement 5. The search for reform Notes Bibliography Index.

Wayward Women: A Guide to Women Travellers

Abstract: List of Plates 1. Untrodden Peaks and Unfrequented Valleys 2. The Glamour of the Back of Beyond 3. Unfeminine Exploits 4. An Up-to-Anything Free-Legged Air 5. In Search of the Picturesque 6. The Means to an End 7. Quite Safe Here with Jesus 8. Journeys into Print 9. Ornaments of Empire 10. Pay, Pack, and Follow 11. In Camp and Cantonment 12. The Gilding Off 13. Life in the Bush Maps Useful Reference Books Geographical Index Index of Authors

Orphan Warriors: Three Manchu Generations and the End of the Qing World

Abstract: In the mid-1600s, Manchu bannermen spearheaded the military force that conquered China and founded the Qing Empire, which endured until 1912. By the end of the Taiping War in 1864, however, the descendants of these conquering people were coming to terms with a loss of legal definition, an ever-steeper decline in living standards, and a sense of abandonment by the Qing court. Focusing on three generations of a Manchu family (from 1750 to the 1930s), Orphan Warriors is the first attempt to understand the social and cultural life of the bannermen within the context of the decay of the Qing regime. The book reveals that the Manchus were not "sinicized," but that they were growing in consciousness of their separate ethnicity in response to changes in their own position and in Chinese attitudes toward them. Pamela Kyle Crossley's treatment of the Suwan Guwalgiya family of Hangzhou is hinged upon Jinliang (1878-1962), who was viewed at various times as a progressive reformer, a promising scholar, a bureaucratic hack, a traitor, and a relic. The author sees reflected in the ambiguities of his persona much of the plight of other Manchus as they were transformed from a conquering caste to an ethnic minority. Throughout Crossley explores the relationships between cultural decline and cultural survival, polity and identity, ethnicity and the disintegration of empires, all of which frame much of our understanding of the origins of the modern world.

Acts of union: Youth culture and sectarianism in Northern Ireland

Abstract: Youth culture and ethnic identity sons and daughters of the Gael - youth in Irish social thought situating sectarianism - territory, identity and empire in Ulster sketches of the marching season youth and ghettoization in Northern Ireland economic marginalization and blocked inheritance.

Coins of the Roman Empire

Abstract: Introduction PART I: CHRONOLOGICAL ACCOUNT 1.The Julio-Claudian dynasty 2. The Civil War 3.The Flavian dynasty 4.The adopted emperors 5.Wars of the Succession 6. The Severan dynasty 7.The military emperors 8.The Gallic emperors 9.The recovery of empire 10.The British empire 11.The Tetrarchies 12.The Constantinian dynasty 13. The Valentinianic dynasty 14. The division of empire PART II: OUTPUT,SYSTEMS AND TECHNIQUES 15. Coinage metal and coin production 16. Monetary systems 17. Mint organization 18.Mints: their activity and major marks 19.The obverse 20.The reverse 21.Countermarks 22.Forgeries: contemporary and modern.

The House of Morgan

Abstract: A saga of the Anglo-American banking dynasty that superseded the Barings and the Rothschilds to become the dominant financial empire of the 20th century. It covers 150 years, tracing the Morgan empire from Dickensian beginnings in Victorian London to the summit of world finance. An account of an institution and the men who ran it, this book is a look at the real power - the money - behind the historical events, the eminent statesmen and the industrial empires that have transformed the world in the last century and a half. Based on unprecedented access to Morgan records and over 100 interviews, it lays bare the secrets of the world's most mysterious financial firms. As England's Wall Street agent, the Morgan bank was privy to its most sensitive financial dealings. It financed the Allies in World War I and purchased their munitions. It restored England to the gold standard in 1925 and was blamed for the 1931 "banker's ramp" that toppled Ramsay Macdonald's government. In World War II, it insured Lend-Lease aid to Britain by arranging the sale of a Courtaulds subsidiary. It even lobbied Washington to join the abortive invasion in the 1950s.

"Make My Day!": Spectacle as Amnesia in Imperial Politics

Abstract: T H E T H I E F H I D E S the purloined letter, in Edgar Allan Poe's story, by placing it in plain sight. His theft is overlooked because no attempt is made to conceal it. The crimes of the postmodern American empire, I want to suggest, are concealed in the same way. Covert operations actually function as spectacle. So let us begin like Poe's Inspector Dupin, and attend to the evidence before our eyes.' The last president of the United States was a Hollywood actor. His vice president, the man who succeeded him, was the director of the Central Intelligence Agency. To understand how the career paths of these two men, rather than discrediting either them or the political system in which they had risen to the top, uniquely prepared them for the presidency is to name the two political peculiarities of the postmodern American empire: on the one hand the domination of public politics by the spectacle and on the other the spread of covert operations and a secret foreign policy. "Going public," Samuel Kernell's phrase for the shift from institutionalized, pluralist bargaining among stable, elite coalitions to appeals to the mass public, coexists with going private, the spread of hidden, unaccountable decision making within the executive branch. How are we to think about the relationship between the two?2 It may seem that spectacle and secrecy support each other by a division of labor, one being public and the other private, one selling or disguising the foreign policy made by the other. The Iran/Contra exposure broke down that division, on this view, by revealing a secret foreign policy that not only violated public law against aiding the Contras but also contradicted public denunciations of the Ayatollah Khomeini and of bargaining with terrorists. The privatization of American foreign policy that characterized Iran/Contra signified, in this interpretation, the takeover of policy by private, unaccountable arms merchants and state terrorists by means of private, secret operations. Although the executive junta owed its power to officials in high public positions, the argument continues, it was not a public body.

Essays in Ottoman and Turkish History, 1774-1923: The Impact of the West

Abstract: The effect of Western influence on the later Ottoman Empire and on the development of the modern Turkish nation-state links these 12 essays by this American scholar, Roderic Davison draws from his extensive knowledge of Western diplomatic history and Turkish history to describe a period in which the actions of the Great Powers, incipient and rising nationalisms, and Westernizing reforms shaped the destiny of the Ottoman Empire and the creation of the new Turkish Republic. The first of these essays provides a general survey of Turkish and Ottoman history, from early Turkish times to the end of the Empire. The following essays continue chronologically from 1774, detailing some of the changes in the 19th century Empire. In addition, Professor Davison includes a new and previously unpublished article on the advent of the electric telegraph in the Ottoman Empire to show how the adoption of a Western technological advance could affect many areas of life. Taken together, the essays portray a confluence of civilizations as well as a clash of cultures.

The Japanese Informal Empire in China, 1895-1937

Abstract: Building upon a previous study of Japan's colonial empire, this volume examines the period from 1895 to 1937 when Japan's economic, social, political, and military influence in China expanded so rapidly that it supplanted the influence of Western powers competing there. These fourteen essays discuss how Japan's "informal empire" emerged in China and how that "empire" influenced Japan's own internal development. "Describes in rich detail Japan's organization of a wide range of cultural, educational, economic, military, and bureaucratic institutions that formed the mainstays of Japanese influence in China along with the trading, manufacturing, intelligence-gathering, and political intriguing which they managed."--Wen-hsin Yeh, The Journal of Asian StudiesOriginally published in 1989.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.