Showing papers on "Energy policy published in 1989"

Energy policy in the greenhouse

Abstract: This book discusses the problems of global warming. The authors start with an analysis of the driving forces of the greenhouse effect and develop a budget for future carbon dioxide releases to meet specified limits on the risks of human-induced climate change. They also provide guidelines for the formulation of an international convention on climate stabilization and sustainable development.

A european view. energy efficiency in land transport. proceedings of a seminar organised by the commission of the european communities, directorate general for energy, luxembourg, may 16-18, 1988

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to highlight the role of energy in transport in close relation to the way the transport market is organized. Trends in primary energy consumption are first described, followed by a breakdown of primary energy consumption by economic sectors (including transport) in the European community. Trends in primary energy consumption by transport, related to growth of the national economy and then presented, followed by a breakdown of primary energy consumption by (a) transport mode (air, road, rail, international and ship); and (b) user category. (passenger, freight, international freight). The energy performance and services provided by various types of transport (private car, bus, train, rail, minibus or taxi) are then described and compared for various European countries. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 824263.

Interfuel and interfactor substitution in Ontario manufacturing, 1962-82

Abstract: The extent of substitutability between energy and the other factors (i.e. labour and capital) is an extremely important question and quite central to energy policy, planning and analysis. This paper addresses this question for the Ontario manufacturing sector. The theoretical model utilized in this analysis is the two–stage translog production frontier. The model was estimated for seven manufacturing sectors using four disaggregated energy inputs and labour and capital. The model was estimated by the FIML technique for the period 1962–82.

Geography and energy: Commercial energy systems and national policies

Abstract: Energy systems and energetics energy consumption - components, variables, profiles geography of commercial energy consumption commercial energy supply systems geography of supply energy futures energy policy geography and energy policy - the evolution of the Canadian fossil fuel industry 1867-1987. Appendix: units and conversions.

Energy and transportation in the united states

Abstract: In this paper, energy use in all areas of transportation is analyzed. Issues facing the largest of the activities, personal passenger transportation based on petroleum fuels, are explored in depth: the reasons for past and future growth in driving, the past developments in fuel economy, and the possibilities for change in the next one to two decades. This look involves the technical potential for further improvements in fuel economy and reduction in air pollution, the role of the market in these areas, and the role of public polices. Other fuel options and other transportation modes are discussed.

An end-use approach to development of long-term energy demand scenarios for developing countries

Abstract: In this paper, we explore the contribution of developing countries to the demand side of the problem. We present long-term energy demand scenarios for these countries, spanning a wide range of possible rates of global and regional economic growth. The scenarios are called the Rapidly Changing World (RCW) and the Slowly Changing World (SCW). We also examine the impact on each scenario of policies aimed at improving energy efficiency and reducing energy consuming activities for each scenario. These policy scenarios are called the Slow Policy Case (S/Policy) and the Rapid Policy Case (R/Policy). With these scenarios, other researchers can estimate the extent of climate change that may occur due to the emissions resulting from the energy demands we obtain, and determine whether significant reductions in energy demand will mitigate or at least defer the climate effects, allowing more time to develop alternative energy sources whose climate effects are benign. 23 refs., 9 figs., 12 tabs.

Energy Use and Productivity: Current Trends and Policy Implications

Abstract: According to the authors, the economic growth of the past two decades has resulted from adding more value to natural resources than increasing demand for natural resources. In this paper, they argue that the complex forces that drove this new kinds of economic growth are not aberrations but are likely to represent the future direction of growth. More specifically, a variety of signs suggest that growth of value added in the economy will come increasingly in the form of technologically sophisticated products, such as digitally controlled television receivers, in which energy and materials represent a small fraction of the value of the product. High-technology products and products designed to meet small, volatile markets, inherently depend heavily on the inputs of the designers, research staffs, software designers, and marketing specialists. The products themselves often help consumers make efficient use of energy (e.g. advanced designs in automobiles, smart house technology).

Public utility regulation

Abstract: This work discusses the application of economic theory to a unique form of social control - public utility regulation. The book serves as a reference for decision-makers who are facing the challenging problems of deregulation and competition.

Energy Analysis Program

Abstract: The Energy Analysis Program continues to be involved in wide range of topics relating to the energy system of the United States and numerous other countries. Our interest in energy use and conservation in buildings has remained high, with increasing attention being devoted to studies of commercial buildings. The appliance standards continues to be the leading energy policy analysis activity of the Program. A long-term commitment to characterizing and understanding measured data of energy use in buildings continues. Interest in electric utility issues, with particular emphasis on demand-side activities and programs, continues high. New interest in competition among electricity generation options for utilities complements the demand-side analyses. This paper contains reports including: building energy analysis; energy conservation policy; and environmental policy analysis.

A system dynamics model for na tional energy policy planning

Abstract: The U.S. energy system has been the subject of intense national interest and policy debate over the past two decades. During that time the U.S. has experienced a steady trend toward increased oil imports, two major oil embargoes, oil price shocks, and a series of government policy initiatives designed to reduce its vulnerability to oil supply disruptions: Project Independence, the National Energy Plan, and more recently oil and gas price deregulation. Understanding the dynamics of the U.S. energy system has been the focus of a decade-long System Dynamics modeling effort which began in 1972 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, continued at Dartmouth College, and is now centered at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The analytical focus of that effort is an integrated model of U.S. energy supply and demand called FOSSIL2, which is used to prepare projections for energy policy analysis in the Department of Energy's Office of Policy, Planning and Analysis. This paper describes the conceptual development of the FOSSIL2 model, and its use in analyzing national energy policy issues.

Support for soft and hard path American energy policies: Does gender play a role?☆

Abstract: Women comprise a heterogeneous, issue-oriented voting segment and now represent the majority of United States voters. Energy issues are among a core group of environmental issues, around which political coalitions can form and which are linked theoretically and empirically with gender differences. Univariate and multivariate analyses are used to analyze the relationship between gender and preferences for a variety of energy policy options. Energy policy options are aggregated conceptually as “soft,” “hard,” and “conservation” paths. Women are found to be more opposed to hard path policies such as coal and shale development, than men. Results regarding support for soft and conservation paths vary. Univariate analyses show women to be more supportive of conservation and some soft-path options than men. Multivariate analyses indicate that women and men support soft path options equally and that men are more supportive of conservation policies than women.

Integrated National Energy Planning and Management: Methodology and Application to Sri Lanka

Abstract: Given the importance of energy in modern economics, the first part of this report is devoted to examining some of the key conceptual and analytical tools available for energy policy analysis and planning. Policy tools and institutional frameworks that will facilitate better energy management are also discussed. Energy policy analysis is explained, while effective energy management techniques are discussed to achieve desirable national objectives, using a selected set of policies and policy instruments. In the second part of the report, the actual application of the principles set out earlier is explained through a case study of Sri Lanka. The success of the approach is demonstrated by the significant progress already made over the past few years toward implementation of a National Energy Strategy (NES) in Sri Lanka. The programs, while clearly yielding early results, were essentially of a one time nature. They reduced energy consumption over the short to medium term, but even if completely adopted throughout the economy, could not arrest the longer term trends. The paper then integrates the many aspects of the short term programs already begun with the options for the medium to long term, and ends with the outline of a long term strategy for Sri Lanka.

Energy Law and Policy

Abstract: The book offers an introduction to energy law and policy both for students who seek to practice in the field and for those interested in better understanding this fascinating, critical area of law. It introduces the key jurisdictional actors that play differing roles in energy controversies and provides students with an understanding of the multi-jurisdictional approach to energy regulation pervasive in the United States. This book breaks away from the traditional approach of looking at energy resources one at a time to provide a more holistic view of the field. It accounts for the complex, interrelated energy systems that buttress society, while addressing the grand energy challenges faced today. The book contains cases, sample statutes and regulations, and pertinent excerpts from energy law and policy experts. These policy-oriented, often empirical materials offer the necessary building blocks for a public law course, particularly one that covers a rapidly transitioning field. The book is organized into three parts that introduce students to the fundamental aspects of the energy sector, energy law, and the most pressing energy topics of the 21st century.

Modeling Energy Demand and Socioeconomic Development Of Taiwan

Abstract: Taiwan lacks a natural energy endowment Its energy demands have dramatically increased with the growth of the economy and standard of living during the past two decades . Based on the new socioeconomic development policy for the next two decades, the government of Taiwan has devoted special attention and effort to improving various social and environmental problems affecting the country's overall quality of life. The increasing rate of household energy demand will slow down as the market for electrical appliances reaches a saturation point and as the energy efficiency of appliances is improved. Transportation policies call for energy conservation during the next two decades by raising energy use efficiency. The industrial sector has also implemented energy conservation measures by raising energy efficiency and by diagnosing and improving energy-use. Based on these concepts and by developing a new set of assumptions, several translog models are calibrated for forecasting energy demand and socioeconomic development in the next two decades.

Rivers at Risk: Concerned Citizen's Guide To Hydropower

Abstract: "Rivers at Risk" is an invaluable handbook that offers a practical understanding of how to influence government decisions about hydropower development on America's rivers.

The future role of hydropower in developing countries

Abstract: In response to NGO criticisms of large dams, this paper first examines the critical issue of the need for a substantial increase in the supply of electricity in developing countries, even when full account is taken of energy conservation potential. It then reviews the options available to increase electricity supply on the scale required by developing countries. Special attention is given to the scope for cogeneration and the prospects and drawbacks of renewable energy sources. It concludes that even though major energy conservation could result in a long term reduction in global energy use, there would still be an increase over the long term in demand for electricity in the developing countries. This analysis also indicates that there is strong justification at the global level for substantial hydropower development with large dams on energy resource and environmental grounds.

Energy Policies in an Uncertain World

Abstract: Energy policy - the new uncertainties, D.Jones energy policy in les-developed countries - an examination of the economic case for setting oil prices at international levels, P.Stevens energy policies and strategies in the European Community, C.Jones a market-based energy policy - the alternative to past errors, I.Stelzer energy policy in Britain, D.Newbery energy policy and environmental policy in the UK, D.Pearce whither oil prices?, D.Hawdon.

Wood Energy in Eastern and Southern Africa

Abstract: This paper has outlined a learning curve in dealing with the wood energy situation in eastern and southern Africa. The curve began in total ignorance when wood energy was not considered part of the energy problem. Dominance of wood fuel, throughout the region, became immediately apparent on calculation of national energy balances. The discovery of this other energy crisis'' was, again, to prove that a little knowledge is a dangerous thing, since the emphasis on project intervention was at a national, not local, level. In evaluating the success and failure of energy intervention strategies it was increasingly apparent that the wood energy problem was but another symptom of the problems of subsistence production in Africa. Wood energy, in effect, was simply the rubbish that was left from a wider utilization of biomass, and trying to grow woodfuel per se, especially as a full-price monetary good, was impossible so long as the major relationships and the subsistence system remained outside the market. The failures, however, have allowed the identification of a range of methods for woody biomass intervention in eastern and southern Africa, from which wood energy could be an offtake.

Optimal Structure of the Nigerian Energy Supply Mix

Abstract: Nigeria, a member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), is blessed with relatively abundant energy resources like petroleum, gas, coal, solar, hydropower, etc. With an estimated population of 80 million, the country also has abundant human resources. In spite of her varied human and energy resources, the performance of the Nigerian economy has been closely linked with one resource, petroleum, a situation characteristic of most OPEC member countries. oil exports, energy consumption in Nigeria has been on the increase. The increase is attributed mainly to the consumption of petroleum products, especially gasoline, and to electricity production from fossil fuels. A simple extrapolation of the growth in the petroleum products experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s shows that there is a possibility that future petroleum exports may be severely curtailed, either due to production capacity limitations or to OPEC crude oil production quota (Dayo and Adegbulugbe, 1985). But due to the nation's diversified energy resource base and the possibility for fuel substitution, such a situation need not arise. One of the key energy policy issues for Nigeria is how to utilize the various domestic resources to achieve balanced development. My purpose is to examine, using a linear programming approach, what the long-term optimal structure of the Nigerian energy supply mix might look like. The aim of the exercise is modest in the sense that I am mainly interested in highlighting the potential roles of the various energy resources. I have not tried to give precise estimates of the future energy supply mix since (a) the objectives of government will necessarily be more complex than what is modeled here and (b) some of these objectives may not be quantifiable. The next section gives a brief description of the energy supply and demand situation in Nigeria. This is followed by a description of the analytical approach

The Potential of Decision Analysis as a Means of Integrating the Environment into Energy Policy Decisionmaking

Abstract: In recent years, environmental concern has been an increasingly important issue in energy policy decisionmaking. This has been paralleled by rising expectations of public involvement in major policy decisions with significant environmental impacts. However, existing mechanisms for incorporating these concerns in policy formulation and decisionmaking are widely recognised as unsatisfactory. In order to identify the nature of the debate on issues of energy and environment, which any alternative mechanisms must address, the publications of twelve organisations on energy policy were analysed. The analysis indicated that energy policy formulation and decisionmaking is characterised by the existence of multiple objectives, subjectivity, and uncertainty. Decision analysis may be used to address problems of this type. The application of decision analysis to energy policy decisionmaking is discussed, and the potential of the technique is assessed.