Showing papers on "Eye injuries published in 1995"

Eye injuries in Victoria, Australia.

Abstract: Objective To outline the spectrum of eye injuries in the Victorian population Design and setting Prospective survey of all eye injuries treated at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital; and a review of morbidity data from all Victorian hospitals to estimate the incidence of ocular trauma across the State Results During a 12-month period, 6308 patients were treated at the hospital Most had superficial injuries, but 401 (6%) were admitted for severe trauma Most were male and young; children aged under 15 years comprised 25% of hospitalisations (severe injuries) The workplace accounted for 44% of all injuries and 19% of severe trauma, including ruptured globes and internal bleeding Sports injuries accounted for 5% of all injuries, but 19% of severe injuries The incidence estimate for penetrating eye injuries was 36 per 100,000 population The incidence of eye injuries requiring hospitalisation was 152 per 100,000 Annual medical costs were estimated conservatively at $158 million a year for this hospital alone and projected at $39 million a year for 29,000 eye injuries in Victoria and $155 million a year for 116,000 cases nationwide Conclusions Most ocular trauma occurs in young people and could be prevented by proper use of safety eyewear

The role of eye protection in work‐related eye injuries

Abstract: Purpose/Background: A recent survey of general hospitals by the Victorian Injury Surveillance System found that ocular trauma represented 15% of work-related injuries. As circumstances surrounding occupational eye injuries have been poorly documented previously, their associations to occupation, industry and work-safety practices, including safety eyewear use, need to be identified to develop appropriate preventive strategies for high-risk groups. Design and Setting: From a prospective cross-sectional survey of all eye injuries treated at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, work-related cases were analysed for demographic, occupational and safety eye-wear information. Hospital-based data were supplemented by information from Workcover Authorities and Labour Force statistics to derive incidence and cost estimates. Results: There were 9390 eye injuries during the 18-month survey period: 42% (n= 3923) of total and 29% (n=52) of penetrating ocular injuries occurred at work. The most frequently injured were metal, automotive and building trades workers grinding and drilling (41% of outpatients) and hammering (53% of penetrating eye injuries). Automotive workers had the highest frequency for penetrating injuries, and most were exposed to hammering and were also the least likely to wear safety eye-wear. Conclusion: Eye injuries are frequent (10% of work-related injuries) and highly preventable by the correct use of safety eye-wear, a cost-effective intervention that may result in cost savings of £59 million for work-type activities in the occupational and domestic settings in Australia each year.

Ocular Injuries Related to Air Bag Inflation

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The effectiveness of air bags as a safety device in decreasing fatalities and reducing morbidity in frontal impact motor vehicle accidents has been well established. However, case reports have surfaced documenting ocular injuries related to air bag inflation. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze ocular injuries sustained during air bag inflation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Hospital emergency room records were reviewed retrospectively for a period of 4 years for patients who had sustained ocular injuries in motor vehicle accidents. Those injuries associated with air bag inflation were analyzed as to the nature of the injury, type of vehicle, speed, and visual morbidity. RESULTS: Fourteen cases of ocular injury related to air bag inflation were identified. Hyphema (nine cases) and cornea abrasion (eight cases) were the most common. Three cases, all patients who had been wearing glasses, sustained serious and permanent ocular damage. CONCLUSION: While air bags are an unequivocal safety feature, ocular injuries do occur that are related to air bag inflation. Eyeglass wear may present an additional risk factor. Language: en

The National Basketball Association eye injury study.

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the epidemiology of eye injuries sustained by professional basketball players in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Methods: A prospective study involving all NBA athletes who sustained eye injuries between February 1,1992, and June 20, 1993, was conducted. Twenty-seven NBA team athletic trainers, physicians, and ophthalmologists were provided data forms to complete for any player examined for an eye injury. Practice and game exposures during the preseason, regular season, playoffs, and championships were included. Results: Of the 1092 injuries sustained by NBA players during the 17-month period, 59 (5.4%) involved the eye and adnexa. Eighteen (30.5%) of the injuries occurred while the player was in the act of rebounding, and 16 (27.1%) while the player was on offense. The most common diagnoses included 30 abrasions or lacerations to the eyelid (50.9%), 17 contusions (edema and/or ecchymosis) to the eyelid or periorbital region (28.8%), and seven corneal abrasions (11.9%). There were three orbital fractures (5.1%). Most injuries were caused by fingers (35.6%) or elbows (28.8%). Nine players (15.3%) missed subsequent games because of their injury. Fiftyseven players (96.6%) were not wearing protective eyewear at the time of injury. Conclusions: The incidence of eye injuries in NBA players during the 17-month period was 1.44 per 1000 game exposures. Frequent physical contact in professional basketball players leaves them at great risk for sustaining eye injuries. To prevent these injuries, protective eyewear is recommended.

Enlarged anterior chamber: CT finding of a ruptured globe.

Abstract: A deep anterior chamber of the globe is a clinical sign of posterior scleral rupture, an ophthalmologic emergency. On axial CT, the depth of the anterior chambers of ruptured globes was greater than the depth of the anterior chambers of normal globes. The discrepancy between the depth of the two anterior chambers in any patient can also suggest posterior scleral rupture.

Sport-related eye trauma: a survey of the presentation of eye injuries to a casualty clinic and the use of protective eye-wear.

Abstract: The study investigated the workload offered by sport-related trauma to a busy casualty clinic and was carried out in two parts. The first part concerned compiling information about sport-related injuries presenting in 1 year to the outpatient eye clinic at Bradford Royal Infirmary. The second part attempted to investigate the awareness and the use of eye-protectors for squash by the student community of Bradford University, using a questionnaire. The sport-related injuries presenting to the casualty department were classified according to the sport involved. Analysis of the data shows that racquet sports, namely tennis, badminton and squash, jointly formed the highest percentage of presentations. In the case of squash and tennis injuries, follow-up treatment and/or admission to hospital was required in 100% of cases. These injuries could be reduced by wearing adequate eye-protectors. The questionnaire survey showed that only 9% of the squash players wore eye protection whilst playing, of whom 3.37% of the total had suffered lacerating injuries previously. Comparison with previous studies indicates that the pattern of eye injuries presenting to casualty departments, and the awareness of the general public concerning the use of eye-protectors, has not altered in recent years. Unless steps are taken, in terms either of mandatory use of eye-protectors and/or of educating the general public on the possible devastating effects of injury, these preventable injuries will continue to burden already overworked hospital casualty departments, draining both resources and expertise.

Sonography of the eye in children: imaging findings.

Abstract: Real-time sonography is a well-accepted technique for evaluating abnormalities of the eye. Most previous reports on sonography of the eye have been in adults [1]. In this pictorial essay, we illustrate normal and abnormal findings of ocular sonography in children.

Low-dose intraocular tissue plasminogen activator treatment for traumatic total hyphema, postcataract, and penetrating keratoplasty fibrinous membranes

Abstract: Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has been used to treat severe postcataract and vitrectomy fibrinous membranes, but intraocular bleeding has occurred with doses of 25 micrograms or higher. We report three patients, one with nonclearing total hyphema and uncontrollable intraocular pressure and two with severe fibrinous membrane formation, who had treatment with low-dose (4 micrograms to 6 micrograms) intraocular tPA. Although the fibrinous membranes or hyphema resolved in all three patients, they recurred and bleeding that required additional treatment occurred in one patient. Intraocular low-dose tPA may minimize the risk of corneal and retinal toxicity and may be considered an alternative treatment in intractable cases. However, secondary intraocular hemorrhage can occur, and the timing between the initial vascular injury, treatment with tPA, and subsequent bleeding may reduce the risk of further hemorrhaging.

Central amaurosis induced by an intraocular, posttraumatic fibrosarcoma in a cat

Abstract: A 12-year-old, castrated male, domestic shorthair cat with a previous penetrating trauma to the left globe which progressed to a phthisical eye presented for acute blindness. Ophthalmic examination and electroretinography of the right eye were found to be normal. Following euthanasia, gross and microscopic examinations were completed. A left intraocular, posttraumatic fibrosarcoma with extension to the optic nerve and chiasm and induced right optic nerve fiber degeneration at the optic chiasm with necrosis leading to central amaurosis were diagnosed.

Penetrating ocular injury following local anaesthesia.

Abstract: A series of 13 cases of globe perforation following local ocular anaesthesia are reported. All cases were associated with cataract surgery. Perforation occurred with the retrobulbar approach in nine cases and with the peribulbar approach in two cases. In two cases the approach for local anaesthesia was not recorded. In 12 of the 13 cases, a perforating wound was found in the inferotemporal quadrant. All cases were found to have vitreous haemorrhage. All cases had significant posterior segment injury. Vitrectomy was carried out in nine of the 13 cases. At final review the retina was attached in 12 of the 13 cases. A final visual acuity of between 6/9 and 6/12 was achieved in six cases, four cases had acuity of between 6/18 and 6/24 and three cases had a visual result of less than 6/60.

Anterior segment trauma and air bags

Abstract: Ocular injuries caused by the inflation of driver- or passenger-side air bags during motor vehicle collisions are increasing in frequency. The literature contains several case reports of air bag-related ocular injuries. Two of these cases involve corneal injuries1,2and one describes vitreous and subretinal hemorrhages.3 Report of a Case. The cornea and glaucoma services of the Kresge Eye Institute of Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich, examined a 51-year-old female physician who had sustained severe anterior segment injury in her right eye as a result of a driver-side air bag discharge during a motor vehicle crash. While the details of the collision are not known, it is known that during the immediate postcollision period, the patient required hospitalization for 5 days for a hyphema. Treatment at that time included topical steroids and cycloplegics. Ocular examination of the right eye 1 year later revealed a best corrected visual acuity of

Who should see eye casualties?: a comparison of eye care in an accident and emergency department with a dedicated eye casualty.

Abstract: Emergency care for eye complaints is provided both by accident and emergency (A&E) departments as well as by dedicated eye casualty departments. This study examines the role of each type of department and the quality of eye care provided. Significant differences were found between the accident and emergency department and the eye casualty department in the history, examination and management of eye patients. Most notably, there were significant differences in the quality of the assessment in the two institutions. Overall 19% (19/100) of A&E records had an inadequate history, compared with 2% (1/50) for eye casualty records. Fifty-nine per cent (59/100) of A&E records contained a significant examination omission, compared with only 8% (4/50) of eye casualty records. Most of the omissions related to a failure to perform an adequate, yet simple, ocular examination including failure to record visual acuity. In 44% (44-100) of A&E cases visual acuity was not recorded or recorded incorrectly. In comparison acuity omissions in eye casualty were present in only 4% (2/50) of cases.

Catastrophic injuries to the eyes and testicles in footballers.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the occurrence of uncommon but catastrophic eye and testicle injuries to rugby league and rugby union footballers in New South Wales. METHODS: A retrospective review of players who had permanent football-related injuries and who claimed financial compensation from a voluntary sports injury insurance scheme from 1978-1994. RESULTS: An average of 100 000 rugby league and rugby union players per year were registered with the insurance scheme in NSW. As a consequence of playing football, 15 players lost 90%-100% vision in one eye, five lost 75% vision in one eye, four lost 50% of vision in one eye and two lost 75% vision in both eyes. Eye injuries were caused by "gouging" with fingers, kicks, or blows from fists, elbows and knees; five cases appeared to be intentional. Fourteen players had testicular injuries: in 11 players this resulted in complete loss of one testicle, and in three partial loss of one or both testicles. The immediate cause of the injuries to the testicles was kicking and kneeing, usually during tackles; at least three of the injuries appeared to be intentional. RECOMMENDATIONS: Rules relating to tackles, kicks and other assaults to the head or groin should be strengthened and policed. Officials, players, parents and the public should be educated to support this. Language: en

Posterior segment triple surgery after traumatic eye injuries.

Abstract: Cataract extraction, posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation, and complete vitrectomy combined in a one-stage procedure were performed in 16 eyes (16 patients) with traumatic eye injuries undergoing anterior lensectomy (seven eyes), extracapsular cataract extraction (six eyes), or pars plana lensectomy (three eyes). Membrane peeling and intraocular foreign-body removal (13 eyes, 6 with intraretinal foreign bodies) were performed as needed. Surgery was performed from 1 week to 10 years after injury. After an average follow up of 8 months, 13 eyes (81%) had a visual acuity of at least 20/200; 50%, at least 20/40.

Orbital blow-out fractures: long-term visual outcome of associated ocular injuries.

Abstract: Severe ocular injuries are uncommon in patients with pure orbital blow-out fractures. Over a 3-year period, 45 patients with radiologically proved blow-out fractures were reviewed by an ophthalmologist. Decrease in visual acuity was the main clinical finding accompanying significant eye injury. Although most eye injuries were transient, early ophthalmic assessment is recommended to exclude potentially serious complications such as traumatic optic neuropathy. Troublesome diplopia may delay rapid rehabilitation.

Copper Intraocular Foreign Body: Diagnosis and Treatment:

Abstract: Copper intraocular foreign bodies (IOFB) are relatively common after penetrating eye injuries. Ocular signs and symptoms vary greatly in relation to the copper content, ranging from chronic uveitis and severe visual loss for IOFB containing more than 85% copper, to local copper deposits with no severe ocular damage for less toxic alloys. Reported here is the case of a ten-year-old boy who suffered from recurrent chronic uveitis five months after a perforating eye injury due to copper wire. Diagnostic ultrasound and computerized tomography revealed an IOFB within the lens and X-ray spectrometry (DXS) indicated the nature of the IOFB as copper, and accurately measured the dissolution of the metal. The patient underwent cataract extraction and standard three-port pars plana vitrectomy with gas-fluid exchange. Twelve months after surgery the retina was flat and visual acuity had risen to 20/60. Undiluted vitreous samples obtained in the course of the intervention, studied by immunohistochemical techniques, showed an inflammatory reaction with a prevalence of PMN-N and CD3 T-lymphocytes. DXS thus appears to be a new and reliable diagnostic tool for the early detection and management of copper and other toxic metal IOFB.

Domestic Ocular and Adnexal Injuries in Nigerians

Abstract: A study of domestic ocular and adnexal injuries over an 18 month period at the Guiness Eye Centre Onitsha showed that they constitute 26.4% of all cases of ocular trauma. Women and children were at a greater risk of sustaining eye injuries from domestic activities. The activities leading to injuries in the 45 patients studied were fight, children's play, chopping firewood, plucking fruits/vegetables and corporal punishment; the injuries were inflicted by self; playmates, siblings, parents and husbands; the agents of injury were fist, missibles, sticks and other sharp objects, exploding bottles and human bite. Most patients presented more than one week after injury. Only 18 patients (40%) kept follow-up appointment. Among these visual acuity improved in 11 while 5 remained blind. The importance of these epidemiologic characteristics in relation to prevention of such injuries and reduction of ocular morbidity in established cases are discussed.

Intraocular Lenses for Cataract Surgery

Abstract: The crystalline lens contributes approximately +15 to +20 diopters (D) to the refractive power of the human eye in its non-accommodative state. A further 43 diopters is provided by the cornea (see chapter “Facts and Figures” in webvision). So, when cataracts occur (almost inevitably in the ageing eye) the cataractous lens must be removed to restore a clear image passage through to the retina. After removal of an opacified crystalline lens in cataract surgery, the refractive power of a normal clear lens needs to be restored (1) In modern cataract surgery, a central opening of approximately 5.5 mm is made to the anterior capsule of the crystalline lens (capsulorhexis) and the opacified contents within the capsular bag are then removed by phacoemulsification and irrigation/aspiration. An artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is then placed within the intact capsular bag. However, if an IOL is not implanted inside the eye, the refractive power of the removed cataractous crystalline lens can still be restored by contact lenses or spectacles (2). And that is what happened in the old days. The offending cataractous lens was removed and the patient was given a pair of thick spectacles. An eye with a natural crystalline lens is called a phakic eye and without a natural crystalline lens but with an IOL is called a pseudophakic eye.During World War II, Sir Harold Ridley, an ophthalmologist in London, saw Royal Air Force casualties with eye injuries, and observed that when splinters of acrylic plastic from aircraft cockpit canopies became lodged in their eyes, this did not trigger inflammatory rejection as did glass splinters. This led him to propose the use of artificial lenses made of Perspex (polymethyl methacrylate - PMMA), to treat cataracts. On 29 November 1949 at St Thomas' Hospital, Ridley achieved the first implant of an IOL, although it was not until 8 February 1950 that he left an IOL permanently in place in an eye (2).Cataract surgery with IOL implantation has now become the most prevalent eye operation in the United States with more than 3 million procedures performed in 2006 alone (3). For patients with dense cataracts this surgery has become a “miracle” restoring clear sight again. A variety of new artificial IOL designs, manufactured from different biomaterials, are continuously being made available to cataract surgeons nowadays. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the characteristics of IOLs used in cataract surgery (Video 1, Video 2), as well as possible complications associated with their use.

Aetiology and prevalence of eye injuries within the United Kingdom fire service

Abstract: A survey was conducted on a sample of 1552 firefighting personnel to determine the incidence of eye injuries within the United Kingdom fire service. In total, 3.5% (n = 22/637) of firefighters per year will sustain an eye injury requiring 'medical attention'. This represents one ocular injury per 50,000 working hours. In 80% of cases eye protection was not being worn at the time of injury. Analysis of 75 accident report forms indicates that the vast majority (69/75) of eye injuries were sustained whilst on operational duty. These statistics are comparable to other professions which are considered to have an unacceptably high risk of injury and in which eye protection has therefore been actively enforced. It would follow that similar steps should be taken within the fire service to ensure firefighters wear eye protection on operational duty. This should apply even if there is no immediate recognition of a perceived danger. A firefighter presenting to an optometrist or medical practitioner, with or without an eye injury, should be counselled as to the advantages of eye protection.

[Incidence of sports-related eye injuries].

Abstract: The incidence of sports-related eye injuries was analyzed retrospectively for 1991-1993. It was fairly steady at about 2% of all eye casualties annually. 21% of those with sports-related eye injuries required hospitalization. The commonest pathological findings were corneal erosion (32%), eye lid injuries (27%), hyphema (19%) and macular edema (3%). Most eyes were injured during soccer (37%) and basketball (27%) games, the most popular sports in Israel. Language: he

Eye injuries caused by opening or explosion of beverage bottles

Abstract: Exploding beverage bottles can cause serious ocular injuries. The mechanisms of injury and the consequences were studied retrospectively in 21 patients admitted to the hospital between 1982 and 1992. Most of the patients (76%) were injured by propulsion of the bottle cap. Bottle explosions following dropping on the floor were the most frequent cause of perforating ocular injuries by glass fragments from a beverage bottle. Among our patients, 12 (57%) had severe globe contusions and 9 (43%) had lamellar or penetrating globe injuries. In 83% of the contusions, 100% of the lamellar injuries and 62% of the penetrating eye injuries almost complete visual rehabilitation (vision 0.5-1.0) was achieved. Vision was saved in all the injured eyes. About 2% of all eye injuries admitted to hospital are caused by bottle explosions. The consumer can reduce the danger of bottle explosions by storing bottles in a cool place and taking care not to shake then before use. Manufacturing industry is called upon to develop and to use stopper systems connected to the bottles to prevent propulsion of bottle caps. Language: de

Childhood penetrating eye injuries.

Abstract: We reviewed 41 children with penetrating eye injuries from birth to 15 years of age between August 1982 to May 1990. Male to female ratio was 3.56:1. Thirteen (33%) cases resulted in monocular blindness. The distribution of penetrating injuries was based on the site of perforation: corneal, corneoscleral and scleral groups. The commonest cause of injury was child related from a thrown object (42%) and hazardous toys (21%). Language: en

Initial management and transport of patients with perforating eye injuries.

Abstract: The first 24 hours are critical for a good surgical result from perforating eye injuries. The basic principles of initial management and transfer include prevention of vomiting, pain and infection, and avoidance of further injury. Where air transport is necessary it must be with the cabin altitude at sea level, or as low as is safe. Surgical repair should be undertaken as promptly as is practical.