Showing papers on "Family support published in 2022"

The Contributing Role of Family, School, and Peer Supportive Relationships in Protecting the Mental Wellbeing of Children and Adolescents

Abstract: Abstract Globally, mental disorders are the leading cause of disability in children and adolescents. Previous research has demonstrated that supportive relationships are a key protective factor against poor mental health in children, particularly amongst those who have experienced adversity. However, fewer studies have examined the relative impact of different types of supportive relationships. The current study examined the association between level of family adult support, school adult support, and school peer support and mental wellbeing in a sample of children (age 8–15 years, N = 2,074) from schools in the UK. All three sources of support were independently associated with mental wellbeing. Analyses demonstrated a graded relationship between the number of sources of support and the odds of low mental wellbeing (LMWB), reflecting a cumulative protective effect. While all three sources of support were best, it was not vital, and analyses demonstrated a protective effect of school sources of support on LMWB amongst children with low family support. Peer support was found to be particularly important, with prevalence of LMWB similar amongst children who had high peer support (but low family and school adult support), and those who had high family and school adult support, (but low peer support), indicating that high peer support has an equivalent impact of two other protective factors. Findings from the study highlight the crucial context schools provide in fostering positive peer relationships and supportive teacher–student relationships to promote mental health and resilience for all children, including both those with and without supportive home environments.

The Contributing Role of Family, School, and Peer Supportive Relationships in Protecting the Mental Wellbeing of Children and Adolescents

Abstract: Abstract Globally, mental disorders are the leading cause of disability in children and adolescents. Previous research has demonstrated that supportive relationships are a key protective factor against poor mental health in children, particularly amongst those who have experienced adversity. However, fewer studies have examined the relative impact of different types of supportive relationships. The current study examined the association between level of family adult support, school adult support, and school peer support and mental wellbeing in a sample of children (age 8–15 years, N = 2,074) from schools in the UK. All three sources of support were independently associated with mental wellbeing. Analyses demonstrated a graded relationship between the number of sources of support and the odds of low mental wellbeing (LMWB), reflecting a cumulative protective effect. While all three sources of support were best, it was not vital, and analyses demonstrated a protective effect of school sources of support on LMWB amongst children with low family support. Peer support was found to be particularly important, with prevalence of LMWB similar amongst children who had high peer support (but low family and school adult support), and those who had high family and school adult support, (but low peer support), indicating that high peer support has an equivalent impact of two other protective factors. Findings from the study highlight the crucial context schools provide in fostering positive peer relationships and supportive teacher–student relationships to promote mental health and resilience for all children, including both those with and without supportive home environments.

Scoping the psychological support practices of Australian health professionals working with people with primary brain tumor and their families Short heading: psychological support for brain tumor.

Abstract: OBJECTIVES This study aimed to scope the psychological support practices of Australian health professionals providing supportive care to adults with primary brain tumor. METHOD Health professionals from multidisciplinary organisations and cancer support services completed an online survey focused on psychological support for people with brain tumor (PwBT) and family members, and perceived barriers or gaps in support provision. RESULTS 107 professionals, mainly from psychology (45%), nursing (20%), and social work (10%) backgrounds, completed the survey. Scope of practice differed according to discipline, with psychologists and nurses most likely to screen for psychological distress (71-76%), and psychologists more typically providing at least one psychological support session (78%). Psychologists were more likely to screen for cognitive impairment (31%), whereas nurses and social workers more commonly provided family-based support (62-73%). Psychological support was more frequently provided in the long-term management phase (78%) than early post-diagnosis/treatment (45%). System-level barriers to accessing psychological support were most frequently identified, which included limited resources and funding, insufficient staff time, lengthy waitlists and costs, poor service coordination, and lack of staff with brain tumor-specific training. CONCLUSIONS The provision of psychological support for PwBT varies according to discipline, setting and management phase. Further research on different models of psychosocial care is needed to inform strategies to address organizational and policy factors impacting professionals' scope of practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Measuring parent–adolescent interactions in natural habitats. The potential, status, and challenges of ecological momentary assessment

Abstract: Few people are as important for an adolescent's development as their parents. However, most research on parent–adolescent relationships describes long-term population-wide effects. Therefore, little is known about everyday interactions between adolescents and parents in individual families. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) measures families several times a day as they go through daily life. This approach provides ecologically valid insights into which interactions took place and how they were experienced. State-of-the-art EMA studies suggest that within-family fluctuations in parenting may trigger changes in an adolescent's well-being and behaviors. In practice, moreover, EMA may strengthen family support and intervention research. This article reviews recent empirical work, highlights the (un)used theoretical and practical promise of EMA and identifies key-challenges to unlock this full potential.

Scoping the psychological support practices of Australian health professionals working with people with primary brain tumor and their families

Abstract: This study aimed to scope the psychological support practices of Australian health professionals providing supportive care to adults with primary brain tumor.

‘..It takes a lot of brain space’: Understanding young carers’ lives in England and the implications for policy and practice to reduce inappropriate and excessive care work

Abstract: This qualitative study, undertaken in England, explored young carers’ perspectives on the nature of their caring responsibilities. The findings are significant, particularly in the context of England's Care Act 2014, which seeks to prevent children engaging in ‘excessive’ or ‘inappropriate’ caring. Our research placed children at the heart of the debate on what constitutes appropriate care. The findings raise key questions regarding effective implementation of contemporary child policy, duties of care towards children in caring roles and priorities for child protection and family support policy and practices, with the potential to inform thinking around child's well-being in wider contexts.

Analyzing the role of family support, coping strategies and social support in improving the mental health of students: Evidence from post COVID-19

Abstract: Background The COVID-19 pandemic and the multifaceted response strategies to curb its spread both have devastating effects on mental and emotional health. Social distancing, and self-isolation have impacted the lives of students. These impacts need to be identified, studied, and handled to ensure the well-being of the individuals, particularly the students. Aim This study aims to analyze the role of coping strategies, family support, and social support in improving the mental health of the students by collecting evidence from post COVID-19. Methods Data was collected from deaf students studying in Chinese universities of Henan Province, China. A survey questionnaire was designed to collect data from 210 students. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS 21 while hypothesis testing was carried out using Mplus 7. Results The results demonstrated that family support was strongly positively linked to mental health and predicted coping strategies. The direct relationship analysis showed that coping strategy strongly predicted mental health. Furthermore, coping strategies significantly mediated the relationship between family support and mental health. Additionally, the results highlighted that PSS significantly moderated the path of family support and coping strategies only. Conclusion Family support and coping strategies positively predicted mental health, whereas, family support was also found to be positively associated with coping strategies. Coping strategies mediated the positive association between family support and mental health. However, perceived family and other support only moderated the relationship between family support and coping strategies.

Effectiveness of Psychosocial Interventions for Family Members and Other Informal Support Persons of Individuals Who Have Made a Suicide Attempt

Abstract: Background: Individuals recovering from a suicide attempt may benefit from support provided by informal carers, that is, family members and other support persons, who may require support themselves. Aims: This systematic review aims to identify and synthesize available literature on the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for this carer population. Method: A search of peer-reviewed literature in five databases was carried out. Studies using any design were eligible and results were synthesized using a narrative review. Results: Eight articles reporting on seven quantitative studies met the eligibility criteria. This included three studies on interventions designed specifically for informal carers and four studies on interventions designed for persons who have made a suicide attempt, and which involved their informal carers. Overall, informal carers were satisfied with support and psychosocial interventions they received. Interventions were related to some improvements in carers' mental health outcomes, lowered burden, and improved ability to provide care. There were mixed results regarding family functioning and quality of life. Limitations: No studies from lower- and middle-income countries were identified and the small number of heterogeneous studies precluded conducting a meta-analysis. Conclusion: Given the low number of studies and their overall poor quality, this review can only draw preliminary conclusions. More high-quality intervention studies are needed to formulate recommendations for effective psychosocial support for family members and other informal support persons after a suicide attempt.

Perceived Social Support and its Effects on Treatment Compliance and Quality of Life in Cardiac Patients

Abstract: Background: The benefits of social support are often overlooked in common management components of cardiovascular diseases. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) is self-administered and scores perceived social support (PSS). We sought to identify PSS among cardiovascular patients and the effects it may have on quality of life (QoL) and treatment compliance. Methods: A total of 96 patients were evaluated using the MSPSS in 3 categories: significant other (SO), family, and friends using a 7-point Likert scale. A supplemental lifestyle survey assessed various demographics, subjective QoL, and compliance with treatment plans. Results: Patients with high QoL reported a higher PSS Likert score in the family support category. Patients who were compliant with appointments and had high substance use avoidance (tobacco, alcohol, illicit drugs) had a higher PSS Likert score in the friend support and higher PSS Likert score in support from SO and family categories, respectively. No difference in PSS was found in compliance with medications, diet, and exercise. Conclusion: Various social support categories are directly associated with higher QoL, adherence to appointments, and substance abuse avoidance.

The influence of social support on self-care is mediated by self-efficacy and depression in chronic illness: key findings from the ‘SODALITY’ observational study

Abstract: Abstract Objectives: Family is a major source of support for older chronically-ill patients and known to be associated with better self-care. Depression and self-care self-efficacy are associated with healthy behaviors and thus may serve as mechanisms by which family support influences self-care. We explored depression and self-care self-efficacy as mediators of the relationship between perceived family support and self-care. Methods: Five hundred forty-one older adults with multiple chronic illnesses were recruited from outpatients and community settings. Three structural equation models (SEM) were fit on cross-sectional data. We measured perceived family support (subscale of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, scores range 1-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire, scores range 0-27), selfcare self-efficacy (Self-Care Self Efficacy Scale, standardized scores range 0-100), and self-care maintenance, monitoring, and management (Self-care of Chronic Illness Inventory, standardized scores range 0-100). Results: Participants (mean age = 76.6±7.3 yrs) were predominantly females (55.6%). In the full sample, depression and self-care self-efficacy mediated the relationship between perceived family support and self-care; in the gender-stratified SEM, men’s depression was no longer a significant mediator. Depression and self-care self-efficacy were significant mediators of the relation between perceived family support and self-care. Conclusion: In older chronically-ill patients, interventions addressing perceived family support may facilitate a rapid improvement in self-care self-efficacy and a decrease in depressive symptoms, particularly among women.

Mediating effect of family support on the relationship between acculturation and loneliness among the migrant elderly following children in Jinan, China

Abstract: The total number of migrant elderly following children (MEFC) has gradually increased along with population aging and urbanization in recent decades in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of family support on the relationship between acculturation and loneliness among the MEFC in Jinan, China. A total of 656 MEFC were selected by multistage cluster random sampling. Loneliness was measured using the short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8), while acculturation and family support were assessed using a self-designed questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, univariate analysis, and the structural equation model (SEM) were conducted to illustrate the relationship between the above indicators and loneliness. The average ULS-8 score of the MEFC was 12.82 ± 4.05 in this study. Acculturation of the MEFC exerted a negatively direct effect on loneliness and a positively direct effect on family support simultaneously, while family support exerted a negatively direct effect on loneliness. Family support partially mediated the relationship between acculturation and loneliness [95% CI: −0.079 to 0.013, p < 0.001], while the mediating effect of family support accounted for 14.0% of the total effect. The average ULS-8 score of 12.82 ± 4.05 implied a low level of loneliness in the MEFC in Jinan, China. Acculturation was found to be correlated with loneliness, while the mediating role of family support between acculturation and loneliness was established. Policy recommendations were provided to reduce loneliness and improve the acculturation and family support of the MEFC according to the findings above.

Inhibitor Factors of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers

Abstract: The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of the Hiang Health Center is still low. Family support and support from health workers such as midwives are very influential in the breastfeeding practice. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between family support and support from health workers in exclusive breastfeeding. This research was an analytical observation with a cross-sectional approach which was carried out in the working area of the Hiang Health Center, Kerinci Regency, Jambi in April-May 2021. Data processing was carried out with univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. The results showed that lack of family support, especially in-laws was 4,07 times at risk (95% CI: 1,81-9,12) and lack of support from health workers was 3,46 times at risk (95% CI: 1,50-7,96). These two factors were inhibiting factors in exclusive breastfeeding. Health workers need to improve breastfeeding education and counseling services and involve husbands and in-laws in these activities so that they will support mothers in the practice of exclusive breastfeeding.

Family Support Increases the Hypertension Medication Adherence in the elderly at Public Health Center of Simpang Tiga Pekanbaru

Abstract: The prevalence of hypertension globally affects 22% of the world's population, and 36% of the incidence rate in Southeast Asia as well as in Indonesia continues to increase. Elderly with hypertension require special care and attention, family support is needed to remind them of medication adherence. The purpose of the study was to determine the correlation of family support and hypertension medication adherence in the elderly at Public Health Center of Simpang Tiga Pekanbaru. Desain of this study is descriptive correlation using cross sectional approach. Sample of this study consists of 112 elderly people with hypertension taken by purposive sampling technique. The instruments in his study used a Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) questionnaire and a family support questionnaire. The data analysis used is chi-square. The results of the study from good family support were 59 (52.7%) respondents, family support was sufficient as many as 26 (23.2%) respondents, and families were less as many as 27 (24.1%) respondents. Meanwhile, the results of compliance with hypertension drug consumption were 63 (56.3%) respondents and non-compliance with drug consumption as many as 49 (43.8%) respondents. The results of the Chi-Square statistical test obtained a p-value of 0.002 (p<0.05) meaning that there was a significant relationship between the relationship of family support to adherence to hypertension drug consumption in the elderly at the Public Health Center of Simpang Tiga Pekanbaru. The recommendations of this study are expected by families to always provide motivation and accompany the elderly in their control and activities.

Faith-Based Community Members, Family, and COVID-19: The Role of Family Cohesion, Social Support, and Spiritual Support on Quality of Life, Depression, and COVID-19-Prevention Behaviors

Abstract: This study examined relationships between family cohesion, social support/spiritual support, and quality of life and depression among faith-based community members during the 2020 COVID-19 restrictions. Drawing upon the buffering model of social support and family cohesion as theoretical frameworks, the authors examined these factors in a survey of 551 faith-based community members between March 2020 and June 2020. Family cohesion had a direct and indirect effect (mediated by overall social support and spiritual support on quality of life). Moreover, family cohesion only had a direct effect on depression (e.g., not mediated by overall social support or spiritual support). Greater family cohesion and overall social support were predictive of increased COVID-19-prevention behaviors, while spiritual support was predictive of reduced COVID-19-prevention behaviors.

Family support services buffer the effect of child welfare notifications on child removals

Abstract: Previous studies have found mixed results about the effects of family support services within the child protection system. The purpose of the study is to examine whether family support services are associated with the need for child removals at the community level. The material of the study consists of Finnish municipalities (N = 292) and their child protection indicators. Linear regression analysis was conducted to analyse the associations between the dependent variable (child removals) and the main predictors (child welfare notifications and family support services). It was found that family support services are associated with child removals. The more children there are in family support services, the more there are also child removals in a municipality. The key finding of the analysis is that a higher rather than lower proportion of clients in family support services buffers the increased effect of demand (child welfare notifications) on child removals better. In this sense, the demand for child removals is not only associated with the characteristics of children and families but may be partly explained by the role of family support services in a municipality. The present study underlines the significance of a system-level approach to child protection.

Family Support for HIV Patients Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy in Subang City

Abstract: Without family support, HIV patients face negative responses and a tough life situation, which can lead to worries, guilt and sometimes ideas about ending their life. Family support can improve the confidence of HIV patients and it can lead to a longer life if it encourages the HIV patient to take their antiretroviral therapy (ARV) medicine. ARV treatment is necessary for HIV patients. When HIV patients do not comply with their ARV treatment or stop their ARV therapy, resistance to ARV becomes more likely, there is an increased risk of infecting other people with HIV, and a higher likelihood of the HIV patient dying. This study aimed to determine the relationship between family support and adherence of HIV patients to ARV therapy. This study was conducted using an analytical survey with a cross-sectional design. The total sample was 40 subjects. Data were analyzed using the Chi Square test. The results showed that there was a relationship between family support and HIV patient compliance with undergoing ARV therapy (p = 0.001). Types of family support included emotional support, instrumental support and informational support. It can therefore be concluded that the role of the family is very influential on the adherence of HIV patients to ARV therapy. Keywords: family support, obedience, HIV

Role of family and community support in the eliminating restraint of persons with mental illness

Abstract: This study aims to identify and analyze the potential and challenges in dealing with cases of shackles for persons with mental disabilities through family support for PDM who has been deprived of shackles, or restraint, or who have been released from shackles, and the community support for families and PDMs who experience shackles, re-sharing, or those who have been released from shackles. This study used the descriptive qualitative research method. Data collection techniques are interviewing focus group discussions and observation. The result of this study found that the average support for families with mental disabilities in pasung is still low but in general, it is in the moderate category. To improve and restore PDM recovery, it is necessary to have the attitude and support of families who are directly involved in handling it, avoiding hostile actions, providing support, warmth, and giving a little criticism. The family has a strategic function in reducing the recurrence rate, increasing independence, living standards, and adaptability to return to society and social life. Family support is an important factor in preventing shackles and re-incarceration.

The Relationship Between Family Support and Depression among Patient with Renal Failure Patients

Abstract: Background: Family support is an essential factor supporting psychological conditions during hemodialysis. Purpose: We analyzed the relationship between family support and depression in kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis in Hemodialysis Room Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang Methods: A cross-sectional study was used. Sample selection technique determined by quota sampling method then 107 patients were obtained as participants. Data were collected using MOS-Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) & Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) questionnaire. Data analysis used the Spearman Rho test with α = 0.05. Results: Data showed that 48 respondents (44.9%) had sufficient family support. Most of the respondents, 46 respondents (43%), experienced mild depression. The statistical test showed a significant relationship between family support and depression with p < 0.001. Relationship strength value (r) is -0.530 or negative, and family support is inversely related to the incidence of depression. The correlation strength category is vital. Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between family support and depression in patients with kidney failure in Hemodialysis Room Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital. The study suggests that the nurse provides family education to encourage positive family support.

Family Support and Social Support Associated with National Essential Public Health Services Utilization among Older Migrants in China: A Gender Perspective

Abstract: China provides National Essential Public Health Services (NEPHS) free of charge to all citizens to ensure access to essential health services. The present study aimed to explore the associations between different sources of support and NEPHS service utilization among older migrants in China with a gender perspective. We used a national cross-sectional dataset derived from the 2015 China Migrants Dynamic Survey. Participants were included if they were aged ≥60 years and without household registration at the residence. Among 1989 participants, 35.2% enrolled in a free physical examination in the past year: 34.6% for males and 35.9% for females. Among male participants, having more local friends (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.99) and having insurance at the residence (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.96) were associated with enrolment in a free physical examination after controlling for age, education, and self-reported health status. Two additional factors, marital status and family structure, were found for female participants to be associated with enrolment in a free physical examination. NEPHS service utilization was far from satisfactory among older migrants in China, and both family support and social support played a role in it. There are common and unique factors associated with NEPHS service utilization in terms of gender.

Beyond survival: Strengthening community‐based support for parents receiving a family service intervention

Abstract: This paper presents parents' experiences of community support and their recommendations for how their communities, and the services within them, might support their families. Generated through a human-centred design methodology and using a desire-centred framework, the findings suggest that parents receiving a family service require support invoking feelings of intimacy, trust, reciprocity, inclusivity, connection and belonging. Parents' recommendations for community support include addressing material and attitudinal constraints impacting on engagement with services; creating non-judgmental services tailored to their needs but accessed as a last resort; and creating peer-based opportunities to support each other. Parents reflect that moving beyond basic survival of risk and vulnerability to a position where thriving is possible requires purposeful integration of parent's existing and desired community into service interventions. Facilitating deliberate change at the intersection of community and service support is pertinent to current and future social work policy and practice. Wider opportunities for understanding and enabling the needs and aspirations of parents, which are often overlooked because of a focus on addressing risk and vulnerability, are considered.

Tuberculosis Family Support Training’s (TB FaST) Influence on Encouraging TB Treatment Compliance

Abstract: Family support is necessary for tuberculosis (TB) treatment compliance. Family intentions and practices in providing support to TB patients require considerable improvement, which is possible via training. This study aimed to analyze the influence of tuberculosis family support training (TB FaST) on the family members’ intentions and practices in encouraging TB treatment compliance in the continuation phase. This quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design involved 56 TB patients and 56 family members of patients who had undergone the continuation phase of category 1 TB treatment in the third and fourth months. All patients treated with tuberculosis were directly observed with treatment short-course (TB DOTS) at primary health care. All the subjects were divided into intervention and control groups. TB FaST was given only to the intervention group and delivered using a combination of lectures, case-based focused group discussions, and role-playing in problem-solving over two consecutive days. The result showed a significant improvement in the family support practices five weeks after training in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, only a slight improvement was observed in the family intentions (p>0.05). TB FaST mainly affects the practices of family members in providing family support to encourage TB treatment compliance in the continuation phase. We recommend that TB FaST or other educational tools be used again after TB FaST to improve intention.

Family and friends' expected support to parents of children with disabilities

Abstract: Informal and formal support to parents of children with disabilities affects family functioning and life satisfaction of family members in many ways. Objective. The aim of this research was to determine the extent to which parents of children with disabilities expected support of their family and friends. Methods. The sample included 65 parents of children with disabilities, most of whom were mothers (N = 62, P = 95.4%). The Social Support Behaviors - SS-B scale (Vaux et al., 1987) was used to examine the expected support of family and friends. Results. Descriptive statistics showed that parents counted on family members' support much more than on their friends' support. Parents of children with multiple disabilities, unemployed parents, and those who lived in rural areas had lower expectations regarding family and friends' support compared to other groups. Their expectations were the lowest in the segments of financial and physical support. Conclusion. Extended family members were expected to provide greater help in all five support dimensions (emotional, social, physical, financial, and counselling). The analysis of individual items within these dimensions indicates the existence of various expectation levels within the same dimension, which is the result of specific requirements.

Exploring social support for women coping with a cardiac rehabilitation programme after acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review of qualitative studies

Abstract: Objective Female sex is a major barrier to completing a programme of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Women require significant social support to promote compliance and the ability to cope with CR programme attendance. The aim of this systematic review of qualitative studies was to explore social support among women coping with CR programme attendance at phase II CRP is 3 months after their cardiac event. Methods Articles were searched through CINAHL (Cumulative Index and Allied Health Literature), Science Direct and PubMed databases using the following terms: “women”, “acute coronary syndrome”, “coping”, “social support” and “cardiac rehabilitation”. Results A total of 6 articles were selected based on eligibility criteria. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data using line to line coding into descriptive themes, interpreting further to generate new insights. The 3 most common themes regarding social support for women attending the CR programme were: family support, female as the primary caregiver in the family, and peer support. For most women who perceived themselves as the primary caregiver in the family there was a negative impact on their ability to cope fully with CR programme attendance. On the other hand, encouraging support from family and peers positively improved their coping mechanism for attending the CR programme, leading to improved compliance. Conclusion Women with ACS consider that support from their family plays a vital role as a coping mechanism in their attendance at a CR programme. Healthcare providers should teach the importance of social support among women after discharge to help them cope with CR programme attendance. LAY ABSTRACT Women face a major obstacle to coping with a programme of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after a cardiac event. In order to promote attendance at a CR programme, women often require significant social support to ensure compliance with the programme. This review evaluated the results of 6 studies that explored women’s experiences and their coping process in attending an outpatient CR programme after a cardiac event. The review found that family support, being female as the primary caregiver in the family, and peer support are the main social supports for compliance with an outpatient CR programme. Women who were extensively involved as the primary caregiver in their families had difficulty complying with attendance at the outpatient CR programme. On the other hand, women with good support from family and peers had better compliance. Therefore, healthcare providers should initiate strategies for promoting good social support among women on an outpatient CR programme in order to enhance compliance with attendance.

Relationship between exercise motivation and social support in a support facility for persons with disabilities in Japan

Abstract: Abstract Purpose Exercise motivation (EM) is related to individual capabilities and social support. However, in support facilities for people with disabilities, it is susceptible to a lack of social support. In this study, we classified EM into Autonomous Motivation (AM) and controlled motivation (CM) and then examined the influence of social support. Method Thirty-three residents from a support facility for people with disabilities in Japan participated in this study. We conducted a hierarchical multiple regression analysis in which age, gender and time since admission were entered in Step 1, mobility and self-efficacy as individual capabilities in Step 2, and family support, facility support and peer support as social support in Step 3. Result A significant increase in variance from Step 2 to Step 3 was found for both AM (ΔR 2 = 0.504, ΔF = 12.18, p < .001) and CM (ΔR 2 = 0.269, ΔF = 3.491, p = .031). The results also showed that AM was higher among those with high family and facility support, and CM was higher among those with low family and high peer support. Conclusions Social support was a more significant predictor of EM among participants than individual capabilities. KEY MESSAGES Among residents of support facilities for people with disabilities, assessing not only individual capabilities but also social support status can lead to better understandings of exercise motivation (EM). To enhance facility residents’ autonomous motivation (AM), it is necessary to intervene after evaluating family and facility support. When family support is not readily available among facility residents, efforts should be made to encourage residents to interact with each other to increase peer support.

Support Now to Care Later: Intergenerational Support Exchanges and Older Parents’ Care Receipt and Expectations

Abstract: Older parents' previous support exchanges with adult children could influence which child currently provides care or which child they expect to provide care in the future. Distinguishing between support and care, we investigated how different types of past support exchanges with children were associated with care receipt and expectations from the parent's perspective.Older parents (N = 190; Mage = 79.98) reported on exchanges of tangible and nontangible support, and provision of childcare support with each of their adult children (N = 709; Mage = 52.69) in two waves of the Family Exchanges Study (2008 and 2013). Multilevel, within-family, logistic regression models were estimated to examine how past patterns of support exchanges were associated with which child the older parent receives or expects to receive care from.Parents with functional limitations at Wave 2 were more likely to receive care from children whom they received more tangible support from at the prior wave. Parents without current limitations more likely named children whom they previously provided childcare support to and received more tangible support from as their expected future caregiver.This study distinguished different types of support to examine unique pathways to received and expected care within families. Taking the older parent's perspective, these findings endorse previous studies that emphasize continuity in the transition from receiving tangible support to receiving and expecting care from adult children. The findings also suggest the importance of older parents' childcare support given to adult children, highlighting reciprocity in intergenerational care exchanges.

Barriers to gaining support: a prospect of entrepreneurial activity of family and non-family firms in Poland

Abstract: Research background: This paper explores the approach that focuses on entrepreneurial activities suppressed by restraining forces or different barriers. We investigated a particular type of obstacles reported by entrepreneurs, i.e., those which prevented their gaining access to support instruments. This paper delved into the specificity of family businesses and explained why perceptions of access to support could differ between family and non-family firms. Purpose of the article: This paper seeks to identify the differences between family and non-family businesses in terms of their perceptions of different barriers that hinder access to support instruments. Methods: The main research processes were based on logistic regression models with a dependent variable: 0 for a non-family firm and 1 for a family firm. As dependent variables 13 barriers to the access of public support instruments were adopted. The study was conducted on a sample of 386 Polish business entities. Findings & value added: The results confirmed the existence of differences between family and non-family businesses in perceptions of barriers towards gaining support in entrepreneurial endeavours. Obstacles, such as overly-complex bureaucratic procedures and requirements, lack of access to information disseminated by business support institutions, and complicated support settlement procedures, were perceived as far less crucial by family businesses than non-family businesses. Family businesses demonstrated a lower propensity to use real property as collateral for transactions. Additionally, family businesses with financial resources that overlap with their own familial resources declared that they found it easier to make their own contributions to satisfy the requirements for support programmes or services. This paper makes several novel and significant contributions to the field. First, we add to existing research focusing exclusively on family entrepreneurial activity by drawing a comparison between family and non-family firms in terms of the perceived barriers towards gaining support. Second, we address different types of barriers. Our findings provide further evidence that different types of businesses perceive certain types of barriers differently. Third, we extend current knowledge on family businesses study in Poland.