Showing papers on "Fare evasion published in 2016"

What is behind fare evasion in urban bus systems? An econometric approach

Abstract: Fare evasion is a problem in many public transport systems around the world and policies to reduce it are generally aimed at improving control and increasing fines. We use an econometric approach to attempt explaining the high levels of evasion in Santiago, Chile, and guide public policy formulation to reduce this problem. In particular, a negative binomial count regression model allowed us to find that fare evasion rates on buses increase as: (i) more people board (or alight) at a given bus door, (ii) more passengers board by a rear door, (iii) buses have higher occupancy levels (and more doors) and (iv) passengers experience longer headways. By controlling these variables (ceteris paribus), results indicate that evasion is greater during the afternoon and evening, but it is not clear that it is higher during peak hours. Regarding socioeconomic variables, we found that fare evasion at bus stops located in higher income areas (municipalities) is significantly lower than in more deprived areas. Finally, based on our results we identified five main methods to address evasion as alternatives to more dedicated fine enforcement or increased inspection; (i) increasing the bus fleet, (ii) improving the bus headway regularity, (iii) implementing off-board payment stations, (iv) changing the payment system on board and (v) changing the bus design (number of doors or capacity). Our model provides a powerful tool to predict the reduction of fare evasion due to the implementation of some of these five operational strategies, and can be applied to other bus public transport systems.

Four Types of Fare Evasion: A Qualitative Study from Melbourne, Australia

Abstract: Fare evasion on public transport can reduce revenue by millions of dollars, undermining the financial viability of transit. However little research examines how public transport users think about fare evasion or attempts to understand why people fare evade. This paper presents the results of a program of qualitative research conducted in Melbourne, Australia to understand the attitudes toward and motivations behind fare evasion. A total of 67 people participated in face-to-face or online focus groups. Results established a spectrum of perceived circumstances where someone might travel without a valid ticket. ‘Fare evasion’ was considered to be at only one end of that spectrum. The degree of intent to evade was a critical factor explaining the severity of fare evasion from user perspectives. People’s attitudes toward fare evasion differed significantly; four key attitude segments were uncovered based on the attitudes and behaviours that group members tended to share. These included 1. ‘Fare evasion is wrong – the accidental evader’ who held strong views against fare evasion, 2. The ‘it’s not my fault’ evader who meant to pay but sometimes find themselves fare evading due to barriers to payment, 3. The ‘calculated risk-taker’ evader who deliberately fare evade if they think the reward outweighs risk and 4. ‘Career evaders’ who always fare evade. Attitudes, feelings and motivations for these segments are described and implications for revenue protection policy are discussed.

Cinema audience quantity counting and ticket information management system

Abstract: The invention provides a cinema audience quantity counting and ticket information management system, which comprises cinema local server systems, an information management overall system and ticketing terminals, wherein the information management overall system can be connected with a plurality of cinema local server systems and a plurality of ticketing terminals at the same time, so that real-time monitoring on audience quantities of multiple movie halls in a plurality of different local cinemas is realized, phenomena such as ticket fare evasion and repeating of audiences are effectively eradicated; meanwhile, the cinema audience quantity counting and ticket information management system can also realize ticket information management, including ticket consignment and ticket information counting, for a plurality of cinemas, so that labor investment of the cinemas in such aspect is greatly lowered, and the operation cost is lowered; finally, the system also can provide big data for statistic analysis on information such as film watching and tickets, and achieves an effect of promoting integral development of the industry.

Subway ticket buying and checking system based on Bluetooth technology

Abstract: The invention provides a ticket checking method and device based on low-power-consumption Bluetooth. The method comprises the following steps that the ticket checking device obtains electronic ticket information and user information through a Bluetooth way and determines the legality of a user and the legality of an electronic ticket, the ticket checking device obtains ticket price information of a ticket price system and then determines whether a user balance is enough then, the ticket checking device deducts the sum of consumption if the user balance is enough, the ticket checking device finally generates a user consumption bill, and the ticket checking device opens a turnstile through calling of industrial personal computer equipment. Ticket checking efficiency is improved, a queuing time at passenger-flow rush hours is saved, information is read rapidly, an adverse consequence of trailing fare evasion is prevented from occurring, and popularization and application market prospects are good.

Evaluating Pay-on-Entry Versus Proof-of-Payment Ticketing in Light Rail Transit

Abstract: Pay-on-entry (POE) fare control for on-street transit allows effective revenue protection. However, the POE systems requires single door boarding and therefore increased stop dwell times compared with proof-of-payment (POP) systems. Most light rail transit (LRT) uses POP but is often criticized for poor revenue protection. This paper explores the trade-offs between the POE and POP systems through the comprehensive modeling of revenue protection, dwell time, ridership, revenue, and operational resource impacts in a case study of the conversion of the Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, POP system to a POE system; the paper uses data from LRT in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, which uses a POE system. The results show that the POE system increases journey times (+15%) and decreases ridership (−10%) and that 49 (+14%) additional light rail vehicles are required. POE conversion costs a net 29.4 million Australian dollars (A$) per annum and A$276 million for new vehicles, compared with a fare evasion reduction of A$8.1 ...

Fare evasion prevention monitoring system and method

Abstract: The invention provides a fare evasion prevention monitoring system and method. The system comprises a user side and a background control side. Mobile Internet technology and GPS (global positioning system) technology are comprehensively applied, fare evasion behaviors are monitored by monitoring riding station and speed information of a user without purchasing any draw-in ticket checking equipment and draw-out ticket checking equipment, monitoring accuracy is improved, cost is saved, and fare evasion is pivotally prevented.

Intelligent bus fare collection system

Abstract: The invention discloses an intelligent bus fare collection system. The intelligent bus fare collection system comprises a data recorder; the data recorder is connected with a terminal; the terminal is provided with a coin and paper money recognition system, a card swipe machine of bus cards, a mobile application payment system, a printer for bill printing and a server computer client end for monitoring management and data statistics. The intelligent bus fare collection system of the invention can replace a conductor to realize sectional fare collection, monitor and calculate the number of passengers in real time and prevent fare evasion cases.

Impact of a Loan-Based Public Transport Fare System on Fare Evasion: Experience of Transantiago, Santiago, Chile:

Abstract: With the arrival of Transantiago, the integrated public transport system of Santiago, Chile, a new payment method was implemented: the smart card. A critical aspect for smart cards is the loading network. Transantiago had a weak loading network, and, to tackle fare evasion, a loan was given through the smart card to those with insufficient funds, to complete one additional trip. The benefit was active from 9 p.m. to 9 a.m. (the next day). No extensive analyses have examined the benefit—specifically whether the operating hours were optimal to reduce fare evasion. On May 1, 2014, an unannounced pilot plan extended the time window of the benefit until 11 a.m. Data analysis showed that this extension could effectively reduce fare evasion, as new smart card users took advantage of the benefit, effectively lowering failed trip attempts of users with positive but insufficient funds, and slightly increasing failed trip attempts by users with negative funds (who previously used the benefit). Estimates showed that ...

Fare evasion preventing method and fare evasion preventing device

Abstract: The invention provides a fare evasion preventing method and a fare evasion preventing device. The fare evasion preventing method comprises the steps of acquiring a front head image and a side projection of a person in fare evasion; calculating a side projection width upper limit values of the chest part and knee part of the person through the acquired front head image; acquiring the widths of the chest part and the knee part of the person from the side projection; comparing the side projection width upper limit values of the chest and knee of the person with the widths of the chest part and the knee part; and when the acquired widths of the chest part and the knee part of the person are larger than the calculated side projection width upper limit values of the chest part and the knee part of the person, determining a fact that two close persons pass through a brake machine. The fare evasion preventing method and the fare evasion preventing device can identify and prevent the fact that two close persons pass through the brake machine.