Showing papers on "Field (Bourdieu) published in 1991"

More Than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor

Abstract: \"The authors restore metaphor to our lives by showing us that it's never gone away. We've merely been taught to talk as if it had: as though weather maps were more 'real' than the breath of autumn; as though, for that matter, Reason was really 'cool.' What we're saying whenever we say is a theme this book illumines for anyone attentive.\" -- Hugh Kenner, Johns Hopkins University \"In this bold and powerful book, Lakoff and Turner continue their use of metaphor to show how our minds get hold of the world. They have achieved nothing less than a postmodern Understanding Poetry, a new way of reading and teaching that makes poetry again important.\" -- Norman Holland, University of Florida

Conceptualizing and Measuring Knowledge Change Due to Writing

Abstract: This article reviews the recent complex and somewhat confus- ing evidence on writing-to-learn and discusses why this lack of clarity exists. It then draws on the field of cognitive psychology to offer a way to reconceptualize how researchers might approach the study of the impact of writing on learning. This reconceptualization involves a modification in both how researchers select writing tasks and condi- tions in writing-to-learn investigations and how they assess the possible knowledge changes due to writing. In the selection of writing tasks and conditions, it is suggested that researchers draw on theories of knowledge change to guide their selections. Four basic theoretical mechanisms potentially related to knowledge change due to writing are discussed. In the measurement of knowledge change, it is argued that writing may more likely influence structural than reproductive as- pects of knowledge. Five methods for assessing structural changes in knowledge due to writing are considered. In the past decade there has been increasing interest by writing re- searchers in what has become called writing-to-learn. Numerous articles have speculated on the important role that writing may play in aiding stu- dents to better understand and learn school related materials. Emig (1977), for example, catalogued the unique correspondences between writing and learning. She noted that by its nature writing forces integra- tion of ideas, requires the establishment of relationships, provides imme- diate and tangible feedback, and forces personal involvement with the material. Odell (1980) noted that writing entails conscious exploration of the information one is writing about and that different kinds of writing necessitate different and often very detailed kinds of conceptual activities. Van Nostrand (1979) observed that composing involves the joining of pieces of information into relationships; consequently by writing about something individuals come to know more than they did before writing. The various activites noted by these authors appear crucial to the very es- sence of learning. In fact, the belief that writing is crucial for learning is a well accepted fact in the education community. Gage (1986) captured this

The Work Of Pierre Bourdieu: Recognizing Society

Abstract: Introduction Algeria, 1957-1964 early research in France from "Les Heritiers" to "La Reproduction" on practising sociology "field studies", 1970-1975 from the theory to the logic of practice distinction from practical logic to logical practice scientifically speaking ways of recognizing.

Para fazer história ambiental

Abstract: The author undertakes a historical reconstruction of the emergence of environmental history as part of an effort to lend the field of history greater breadth of narrative. Rejecting the idea that environmental history is just another esoteric or passing fad, the author traces what has recently been organized into a specific field of knowledge back to the classical matrices of French and U.S. historiography.

The export of ideas from information science

Abstract: An economic analogy is used to explore the contributions made by information scientists to other disciplines. The study analyses the major classes of ideas exported by SLX grandees within the field. The limitations of the methodology are dis cussed and questions for further research identified.

Teaching thinking in europe

Abstract: Summary. This review of European research in cognition and instruction aims to categorise current trends in the teaching of thinking and problem solving. A diversity of theoretical orientations sustains research and practice in this field: Vygotskian, neo-Piagetian, phenomenographic, information-processing. Research-driven intervention studies and across-the-curriculum reforms are reviewed. Promising lines of development include the concepts of metacognition (or self-regulation), mediation by peers and adults, and computer tutoring. Cognitive psychology now has a sharper focus on classroom learning; and the boundaries between cognitive, affective and social aspects of learning are being eroded.

Hydrophilic impression compositions

Abstract: The present invention relates to hydrophilized impression or duplicating compositions based on polysiloxane, which are used in particular in the dental field, and to a process for their production.

Endowed Positions: Entrepreneurship and Related Fields:

Abstract: Just as nations take a small measure of their success in their counts of Olympic medals, academics and the media see counts of professorships and chairs as indicative of the strength of a field. Fo...

A Profile of Entrepreneurship Research Centers: Orientations, Interests, Activities, and Resources:

Abstract: One indication of progress in the field of entrepreneurship is its growing number of research centers. Their potential to hasten and guide the field's development warrants scholars’ attention to th...

Social psychiatry : theory, methodology, and practice

Abstract: This volume is a major international compilation in the field of social psychiatry. Building upon the work of John Wing, director of the Social Psychiatry Unit of the Medical Research Council in Great Britain, these essays make up a series of variations on one of the basic themes of human existence--the interaction between people and their environment. The authors are concerned with social psychiatry; their attention is focused on those aspects of the environment that affect psychological states, whether of persons previously healthy or already suffering from some form of psychiatric illness or disability. Social relationships and psychiatric disturbances are murky ground for investigators, many of whom have become lost or returned with nothing but truisms or unvalidated assertions. In this collection, the editor has brought together leading international researchers in the field who combined a primary emphasis on theory and methodology with an equal regard for direct observation and practice and a scrupulous attention to detail. Insistence on the most accurate measurement possible is the natural consequence of an adherence to clear theoretical positions, which both informs and demands such an approach. This book springs from the work of the Medical Research Council's Social Psychiatric Unit, but because of the breadth of the Unit's concerns over the years, it is also a comprehensive work in the field of social psychiatry. It draws contributions from the leading international figures and will be a landmark work for professionals in social and clinical psychiatry, as well as for anyone with an interest in the social aspects of mental health.

A Review From a High Place: The Field of Judgment and Decision Making as Revealed in Its Current Textbooks

Abstract: Decisions, decisions…. PS takes a broad look at a currently active field that provides a model for the fruitful combination of theory, research, and application

Critical Issues in Social Theory

Abstract: Critical Issues in Social Theory is an analytical survey of persistent controversies that have shaped the field of sociology. It defines, clarifies, and proposes solutions to these "critical issues" through commentary on the writings of such influential social theorists as Hobbes, Marx, Durkheim, Weber, Mead, Merton, Parsons, and Schutz. Instead of being just another history, or another classification of theories, Rhoads's four-part model allows him to focus attention on issues that remain at the core of sociological theory today. First, Rhoads analyzes the controversy over positivism as the proper methodological model for the study of human society. Is there one science, of which sociology is a branch, or do the peculiarities of sociology's subject matter require a modification of the scientific method borrowed from the natural sciences? Rhoads next considers the relationship of individuals to society and its structures. Does society have a mode of existence distinct from its members, or is it merely an abstraction derived from the characteristics of individuals? Third, a discussion of social order raises the question of whether social order is the consequence of rules and their underlying moral values, or the product of continuous construction based on self-interest. Finally, the relative importance of consensus and conflict in social relationships is addressed. Is society better understood as a community united by beliefs, values, and rules, or is the social dynamic of continual conflict over beliefs, values, and rules more fundamental? In coming to grips with these issues, the author in some instances takes sides and in others arrives at a synthesis of diverse perspectives. In the final chapter he points to the limitations on the possibility of rational action that come to light in the clashes over these basic issues.

Subsumption, a Sometimes Undervalued Procedure

Abstract: Rarely do circumstances permit one to simultaneously acknowledge a colleague's contributions, evaluate the relative importance of the basic elements of a field, and compare various paradigms for attacking a class of problems. However, through a fortuitous set of occurrences, we have that opportunity. We shall, therefore, take full advantage of the situation by presenting an evaluation of J. A. Robinson's contribution of

Ten Questions : A Sociological Perspective

Abstract: Raising ten important questions, (Why is there inequality in the world? and What does it mean to be human?), Charon examines how classical sociologists (Marx, Weber, Durkheim, Mead, Berger, and others) approach these important, timeless questions and how the field of sociology has approached them over the past 150 years. By describing the basic principles behind sociology, Charon encourages readers to think critically about their assumptions concerning their lives and society. The authors goal is for readers to realize how our thinking and actions are largely the result of the social context within which we live.

Acceptance of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 By Persons Preparing to Enter the Business Field

Abstract: Attitudes toward persons with disabilities, gender, race, contact with persons who have disabilities, size of anticipated occupational setting, anticipated type of business occupation, and subject disability were investigated as possible predictors of personnel management students' acceptance of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). The students were found to be relatively accepting of the ADA, however, only one of the predictor variables, attitudes, was shown to account for acceptance of this legislation. Implications of these findings are discussed and recommendations are provided for rehabilitation professionals.

The Rhetorical Construction of "the Teacher"

Abstract: Authors in the field of education inevitably use rhetorical strategies that embody particular, and often implicit, theoretical, epistemological, and political positions. In this article, Jan Nespor...

Controversial Issues in Social Work

Abstract: Members of every profession agree on many things - and disagree on many others. Social work education often downplays controversy, making teaching in, and learning about, the field much less stimulating than it otherwise could be. qit- Controversial Issues in Social Work -qit highlights the value of controversy by using a debate format to present both sides of 24 topical and timely issues.

Comparative Field Studies: Methodological Issues and Future Possibilities:

Abstract: The review of field studies in Part One raised a number of methodological questions, some of which were taken up at the end of that article. We have reserved for this paper a discussion of more general issues of design, measurement, analysis, and interpretation. At the conclusion of the paper, with the aid of a specific research example, we shall attempt to illustrate an application of many of these methodological points.

Emerging Roles of Social Work in Perinatal Services

Abstract: Perinatal social work is a recent field of practice with expanding opportunities and responsibilities for social workers in direct practice, research and education. This paper discusses the emergence of high technology in the perinatal field and the specialization of social work knowledge, skills and roles which are developing in tandem with bio-medical advances. The need to reconcile compelling needs for preventive social work practice with those of specialization are examined.

The significance of hermeneutics to child psychotherapy.

Abstract: Increasingly the philosophical discipline of hermeneutics is being applied to a systematic study of the human sciences. Yet a hermeneutic approach to psychotherapy has barely been considered. In this paper, the possible significance of a hermeneutic approach to the field of child psychotherapy is explored. Despite the fundamental differences between the two disciplines, both are faced with the task of understanding and interpreting the meaning of human expressions through words and images. Both encounter texts that call for deciphering. The author focuses first on the central concepts of experience, understanding and interpretation which lie at the heart of both disciplines. Subsequently, a hermeneutic approach to the expressions of experience in the form of child play and narratives is explored and some implications for child psychotherapy are drawn. Finally, a possible hermeneutic approach towards child psychotherapy is discussed.

Two Models of Social Work Field Education

Abstract: Learning by doing has been a consistent theme in social work education since the early Charity Organization Society movement within the profession and this emphasis continued after the introduction of formal university-based training programs. Over the years, the social work literature has focused on conceptualizing various models of field education and delineating the variables involved in the multidimensional network of students, social work faculty and field instructor. Focusing on expectations of student's readiness to start the field placement, the authors explored this network and found differences among students, faculty and field instructors which appeared to be related to the individual's own perspective rather than the realities of the field instruction model in question.