Showing papers on "FOIL method published in 1983"

Radiation energetics of a laser-produced plasma

Abstract: The energy transport in a laser-heated thin foil is investigated with the use of a detailed radiation-hydrodynamic model. The calculation is performed for a long laser pulse (3 nsec full width at half maximum) at relatively low irradiance (${10}^{13}$ W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$), incident on an 8-\ensuremath{\mu}m-thick aluminum foil, and results confirm earlier experimental hypotheses that the dense plasma at the rear side of the foil is heated predominantly by radiation. The model couples a one-dimensional, planar hydrodynamic calculation with a detailed description of the radiation-ionization dynamics in a totally self-consistent manner, thereby assuring that the dominant physical processes determining the energy transport are characterized accurately. The specific radiative mechanisms responsible for energy transfer from the front to the back surface of the foil are found to be quite complex and are described in detail. The front and rear spectral emission are presented and discussed from the point of view of both energetic and diagnostic considerations. Shifting absorption edges due to ionizing plasma are shown to be responsible for many interesting phenomena affecting the energy transport. Time integration of the $K$-shell spectral features is also studied and its effects on the temperature and density diagnostics are analyzed. Finally $K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ emission lines are shown to be a promising new diagnostic in determining the time development of the temperature near the foil ablation surface.

Electrochemical treatment of copper for improving its bond strength

Abstract: A process and apparatus for treating a metal foil to enhance its ability to be bonded to a substrate comprise immersing the metal foil in an electrolytic cell having an electrolyte bath solution containing copper and applying a current having regularly recurring pulses and preferably flowing in only one direction to the cell. The current causes a dendritic layer of copper to be deposited on at least one surface of the metal foil at a first current density and bonded thereto at a second current density. The process and apparatus are particularly suited for treating copper foil.

Foil welding device

Abstract: The foil welding device for welding thermoplastic foil bags in its upright position enables the hanging of the bags onto the suction nozzle whereat the bag can be filled with food and thereafter air can be sucked therefrom and it can be welded, while in lying position the device is provided for welding bags from which air need not be sucked.

Single step electro chemical etch process for high volt aluminum anode foil

Abstract: Aluminum electrolytic capacitor anode foil of a high cubic texture is etched using a two step process by treating the foil in an electrolyte bath containing 3% hydrochloric acid and 1% aluminum as aluminum chloride under the influence of a direct current of high current density and at a temperature of 75° C., and in a second step treating said etched foil in a similar bath with a much lower current density and at a temperature of 80° to 82.5° C. The foil thus etched has a significantly higher capacitance resulting from a greater density of tunnels, and a fairly linear tunnel structure.

Method of transfer lamination of copper thin sheets and films

Abstract: A copper-clad laminate having special utility in the production of high resolution printed circuit patterns by either subtractive or semi-additive processing is made by vapor depositing a film of zinc on a copper film on a silica-coated aluminum carrier sheet, vapor depositing a silica film on the resulting zinc-copper foil, bonding the resulting body to a substrate and then stripping the silica-coated aluminum carrier sheet from the copper-clad laminate.

Planar contact array switch having improved ground path for dissipating electrostatic discharges

Abstract: An improved planar contact array switch having reduced susceptibility to electrostatic discharge includes a printed circuit board which carries at least one switch contact foil pair. Sandwiched between the circuit board and an insulative overlay is a dome-shaped disc which, when depressed, completes an electrical circuit between the switch contact foil pair. Bordering the periphery of the printed circuit board so as to bound the area occupied by each of the switch contact foil pair is a ground foil which advantageously is provided with at least one inwardly extending charge conductive foil which runs adjacent to each of the switch contact foil pairs for conducting any electrostatic discharge which penetrates the overlay within the area bordered by the ground foil. To facilitate the conduction of electrostatic discharges to the perimeter ground foil through the charge conductive foil, a spark gap is provided between each of the switch contact foil pairs and the charge conductive foil so that an electrostatic discharge may jump the spark gap and be conducted via the charge conductive foil on the ground plane to circuit ground.

Shear foil having protrusions on its skin-contacting surface thereof

Abstract: A method for producing a shear element having protrusions on the skin contacting surface thereof, including the steps of coating an electrically conductive surface with a photoresist, exposing the photoresist to a hold pattern and developing the photoresist to produce a grid pattern wherein the electrically conducting surface is exposed, the grid pattern defining hole areas wherein the electrically conductive surface is covered by islands of photoresist of a predetermined thickness, introducing irregularities into the surface elevation of the exposed grid, the surface irregularities being of lesser dimension of the thickness of the photoresist islands, depositing an intermediate foil onto the exposed grid overlying the introduced surface irregularities, the intermediate foil being of sufficient thickness to extend above the photoresist islands when deposited, depositing a shear foil overlying the intermediate foil, and removing the shear foil from the intermediate foil, thus producing a shear foil having protrusions on the skin contacting surface thereof but having relatively smooth surface in the regions surrounding shear openings corresponding to the locations of the photoresist islands.

Manufacture of semiconductor device

Abstract: PURPOSE:To relieve inequality of stress distribution inside of the surface to be generated when an electrode is adhered by pressure, and to flatten the surface when a temperature compensating plate is to be provided on the main surface side on one side of a semiconductor substrate having the two main surfaces and P-N junction of one or more by a method wherein the compensating plate forming surface is processed to form a spherical surface shape, and they are alloyed together. CONSTITUTION:The anode side of the semiconductor substrate 31 is covered with a protective film 48a consisting of wax, tape, etc., being the acid-proof matters, and etching is performed using a mixed liquid of fluoric acid and nitric acid to make thickness of the substrate 31 thin. Then a protective film 48a the same is provided on the substrate 31 surface on the opposite side from the film 48a, and thickness of the substrate 31 is made thin moreover. At this time, the mixed ratio of fluoric acid and nitric acid in the mixed liquid is prescribed at 1:3 to make the substrate 31 to be curved according to the bimetal effect. After then, the temperature compensating plate 14 is adhered on the side protruded in the spherical shape of the substrate 31 interposing Al foil 15 between them, a heat treatment is performed to alloy the substrate 31, Al foil 15 and the compensating plate 14, and the substrate 31 is returned to the flat shape.

Process for anodizing aluminum foil

Abstract: In an integrated process for the anodization of aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors including the formation of a hydrous oxide layer on the foil prior to anodization and stabilization of the foil in alkaline borax baths during anodization, the foil is electrochemically anodized in an aqueous solution of boric acid and 2 to 50 ppm phosphate having a pH of 4.0 to 6.0. The anodization is interrupted for stabilization by passing the foil through a bath containing the borax solution having a pH of 8.5 to 9.5 and a temperature above 80° C. and then reanodizing the foil. The process is useful in anodizing foil to a voltage of up to 760 V.

Temperature sensor for determining mass transfer rate and/or temperature rate of a flowing medium

Abstract: A thin tantalum foil is sufficiently stable mechanically for supporting a bridge of thin film resistors with a glass insulating layer interposed between them and the foil, while a fluid medium flows past the resistors for measurement of its temperature or for thermal measurement of the rate of flow of the mass of the medium. The resistors form a bridge one half of which is heated to maintain a predetermined temperature for measurement of the rate of flow by means of the heating current, while the other half provides a reference for the regulation of the heating current. A slot in the metal foil between the halves of the bridge provides thermal decoupling between the heated and unheated parts of the bridge.

Quickly liquid-cooled alloy foil strip for brazing

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a quickly liquid-cooled alloy foil strip for brazing ceramics and metals which consists of specific amt. of Ti, Zr and Hf and Cu and can adhere securely the ceramics and metals having any shape with a simple operation. CONSTITUTION:A titled alloy foil strip consists of 25-75atom% >=1 kind among Ti, Zr and Hf, and the balance Cu, and is used to adhere ceramics to each other, ceramics to metals and metals to each other. The above-described balance may be, if necessary, composed of 100atom% in total of =1 group within the limit of each group of a) =1 kind among Co, Fe, Ni, Pd, Rh and Be, b) =1 kind among Cr, Mo, W, V, Nb, Ta, and Mn, c) =1 kind of Ag and Au, d) =1 kind among Sc, Y and La groups, e) =1 kind among B, Si, Ge, P, As and Sb, and f) =1 kind among Al, Ga, In, Sn, Cd and Zn, as well as <=20atom% Cu.

Manufacture of semiconductor device

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent the generation of a strain by scribing and the adhesion of solder fine particles by melting and separating solder foil fixed temporarily onto a semiconductor wafer by using a double beam heat source wire and scanning a heat source wire melting and cutting the semiconductor wafer in the solder foil and the semiconductor wafer. CONSTITUTION:The solder foil 5 with external size the same as a silicon wafer 1, which has glass 4 and SiO2 4a as surface protective films and is separated into a plurality of pellets and the surface thereof has metallic electrode films 6 such as Ni, Cr-Ni-Ag films, is heated in a reducing atmosphere and fixed temporarily onto both surfaces of the silicon wafer 1, and one laser beams 10 of double beam laser beams are scanned as shown in the arrow so that only the solder foil 5 fixed temporarily onto the silicon wafer 1 is melted and separated. The solder foil 5 on the silicon wafer 1 is separated into a plurality of silicon pellet shapes by scanning the other laser beams 8 so as to melt and cut glass 4 on the silicon wafer 1 and the silicon wafer 1 from a clearance section melted and separated, and the solder electrodes of the silicon pellets are formed collectively under the state of the silicon wafer.

Copper-clad polyester-epoxy-glass fiber laminates using zinc-coated copper

Abstract: A metal foil laminate including at least one sheet of metal foil directly bonded to one face of a sheet of glass fiber reinforced polyester and epoxy resin, and a continuous process for preparing such laminates.

Foil bearing rubbing surface coating application methods

Abstract: A specially designed method is used to apply a graphite fluoride (CFx)-polyimide binder dry lubricant coating to the rubbing contact surface of a foil element used in a high speed gas foil bearing.

Process and apparatus for producing surface treated metal foil

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing surface treated metal foil is described. The process comprises plating a relatively smooth metal foil onto a cathodic surface and thereafter forming a dendritic layer on the foil and firmly bonding it thereto while the foil is still on the cathodic surface. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises an electrolytic cell containing an electrolyte, a rotating drum cathode at least partially immersed in the electrolyte, at least two primary anodes and a plurality of treatment anodes embedded in one of the primary anodes.

Electrically heated steering wheel with adhesively attached foil strip heating element

Abstract: A steering wheel having cross spokes and mounted for rotation on a steering column is provided with an electric heating arrangement including a thin strip of metal foil adhesively bonded to and extending substantially about the entire outer periphery of the wheel. The outer surface of the foil strip is coated with an electrically insulating plastic film and a protective cover is disposed over the foil strip and steering wheel outer periphery and secured by lacing. A control switch mounted on one of the spokes is connected to the foil strip by power supply leads extending along the spoke. A current limiting resistance element is interposed intermediate the length of the metal foil strip to insure moderate current levels therethrough and is carried by another spoke of the wheel.

Reflective film and method of applying same

Abstract: A reflective film suitable for reflecting light and radio frequency energy includes a thin annealed metal foil affixed to a polymeric carrier layer or substrate wherein the polymeric carrier is thicker than the metal foil so that the foil tends to assume the physical properties, and particularly the elongation of the carrier without rupture or surface cracking of the foil upon stretching. In this manner, the polymer-metal foil laminate can be substantially deformed and stretched to fit complex shapes while maintaining a continuous, 100% reflective foil layer. The elasticity and yield strength of the substrate are selected to permit the combined foil and substrate to be stretched to fit complex shapes.

Method and device for laminating foils

Abstract: A device for laminating two different foils in vacuo with the aid of an electrical gas discharge has two separate treatment chambers or areas, in which different vacuo can be set, so that the treatment can be adjusted in accordance with the corresponding foil, i.e. it can be performed in an optimum manner in accordance with the physical and chemical characteristics of the foil. The electrical gas discharge is a plasma discharge, i.e. a low energy gas discharge in vacuo. Advantageously, the electrodes can be operated at different power levels in the individual, separate treatment areas. For adapting the atmosphere in the treatment areas to the foil characteristics, it is also possible to introduce different gases and optionally carry out an additional heat treatment.

Apparatus for manufacturing foil shapes having a cast plastic cap

Abstract: @ in an apparatus for forming foil shapes having a cast plastic cap such as decorative inlays, emblems or automobile body side mouldings, a continuous foil member (36) is advanced along a horizontal path through a station (46) where at least one surface of the foil member is cleaned and primed. An applicator (54) then applies an adhesive composition to the latter surface of the foil member, and rollers (50) affix a release liner (38) to the surface of the foil member provided with adhesive. The foil member-release liner composite then passes through stations (56, 58, 60, 62) where the foil member is printed with a plurality of decorative patterns in one or more colors, whereafter the foil member is embossed in registry with the decorative patterns by an embossing roll (80). A kiss-cutting roll (84) then cuts foil shapes from the foil member in registry with the decorative patterns. The foil shapes are transported on the release liner to a station (94) provided with casting heads (96) for casting a clear fluent plastic material onto the foil shapes, and then to a curing station (100) where the plastic is cured or otherwise hardened.

Automatic production of printed circuit cards

Abstract: The automatic production of printed circuit cards uses a card with a carrier board (10) of insulating material that has apertures (12,13) for connection (18) and component (17) access. A thin foil (14) of conducting material is bonded to the carrier and is produced with isolating gaps (16). Typically the foil is produced from copper and is 70 microns thick. The integrated circuit elements are secured to the foil and the connecting wires (18) are bonded to the conductor tracks using insert tools (19). The bonding process may be performed using either ultrasonic or thermo compression techniques. The integrated circuit chip and connections are then covered by a layer of hard resin.

Dialysis membrane and method of making

Abstract: A single or multilayer dialysis membrane, constructed as a flat film, a tubular foil or especially as hollow fibers, the membrane being made of a regenerated cuprammonium cellulose which may be unmodified or partly modified by alkyl, carboxyalkyl or hydroxyalkyl groups, and said membrane being characterized by an ultrafiltration capacity at 37° C. of 7 to 30 ml/hr·m2.mmHg, an average molecular permeability, based upon vitamin B12, of about 3·10-3 to 12·10-3 cm/min, and a water retention value of more than 145%, calculated according to the German Industrial Standard (DIN) 53814. The new membrane is prepared by the known cuprammonium process but with the addition of a finely ground CuO with a maximum particle size of 20 microns to the standard cuprammonium solution. After casting, extruding or spinning this solution into a coagulating bath, e.g. an alkaline coagulating bath, the regenerated and shaped cellulosic film, foil or filament is given an acid treatment, preferably with sulfuric acid, sufficient to substantially remove the solid CuO particles and to provide a significantly higher pore volume content and other favorable properties in the final membrane.

Production of aluminum alloy foil having excellent formability

Abstract: PURPOSE: To produce aluminum alloy foil having high strength and elongation and excellent formability by hot-rolling an Al alloy casting ingot contg. a specific amt. of Fe then subjecting the hot rolled alloy to intermediate annealing for recrystallization followed by cold-rolling at an adequate draft. CONSTITUTION: An Al alloy contg. 0.8W2.0wt% Fe and consisting of the balance Al and unavoidable impurities is subjected to intermediate annealing at ≤500°C for the purpose of recrystallization and is subjected to cold rolling at ≥50% draft in the intermediate annealing during the process after hot rolling of the casting ingot consisting of said Al alloy until final annealing is accomplished. The above-mentioned intermediate annealing is preferably accomplished between the primary cold rolling and secondary cold rolling and the temp. is preferably in an about 300W500°C range. The aluminum alloy foil having high strength and elongation, contg. fine crystal grains and having excellent formability is obtd. by the above-mentioned treatment. COPYRIGHT: (C)1985,JPO&Japio

Mica-electrode laminations for the generation of ions in air

Abstract: A method for fabricating laminations of mica and conductive foils of particular utility in constructing apparatus for generating ions in air. A layer of mica is laminated to sheets of metallic foil using a thermoplastic adhesive. The foil is etched in order to form electrodes in a prescribed pattern. The mica-foil laminate may be appended to additional structures to interface actuating electronics, provide a heat sink, and for other purposes. The preferred bonding material is a thin film of thermoplastic organopolysiloxane adhesive.

Transducer of the half-wave type with a piezoelectric polymer active element

Abstract: The invention relates to electromechanical transducers of the half-wave type in which the active element is a foil of piezoelectric polymer surrounded by electrodes. The invention provides a transducer in which the vibrating structure comprises, integral with the active piezoelectric polymer foil, at least one passive foil serving as a support for the electrodes.

Machine for applying transfer foil to a shaped edge of a substrate

Abstract: Mounted in tandem on an elongated frame, a plurality of applicator head assemblies affords a versatile machine for bonding a decorative coating even to a relatively complicated pre-shaped edge of a workpiece. Means on the head for accurately positioning a rotatable applicator wheel having a circumference of silicone rubber profiled to match the edge permits the wheel to urge the coating with precision and uniformity onto the contoured edge of the substrate. An external radiant heat source raises the temperature of the silicone rubber periphery which, in turn, transfers heat by conduction to a transfer foil, thereby releasing the foil carrier and bonding the decorative film to the substrate edge. Pressure applied by the wheel in the plane of the wheel creates a wheel flat resulting in increased contact area and dwell time, thereby enhancing bonding precision and strength.