Showing papers on "Geothermal desalination published in 2000"
TL;DR: In this article, the thermodynamic efficiency of single-basin and multiple-effect solar water desalination systems was critically reviewed with special emphasis on humidification-dehumidification processes.
143 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a solar desalination unit with humidification and dehumidification is presented, and experiments on the unit were conducted and it was found that the performance of the system was strongly dependent on the temperature of inlet salt water to the humidifier, the mass flow rate of salt water, and the process air.
123 citations
Patent•
16 Aug 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, an ion selective membrane at a variable pressure as a function of the cost of electricity is used to form a softened salt water that is blended in variable proportions, to increase the top operating temperature of the desalination system and increase recovery of potable water, with untreated salt water.
Abstract: The invention is directed to an improved desalination process to produce potable water. The process represents an improvement of hybrid of membrane and desalination technologies. The improvement of the invention comprises the operation of an ion selective membrane at a variable pressure as a function of the cost of electricity to form a softened salt water that is blended in variable proportions, to increase the top operating temperature of the desalination system and increase recovery of potable water, with untreated salt water.
63 citations
Patent•
27 Sep 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, an autonomous self-propelled desalination plant assisted by renewable energy on a marine artefact is presented, which consists of a floating platform on which is installed a plant for making drinking water by evaporation and inverse osmosis.
Abstract: Autonomous self-propelled desalination plant assisted by renewable energy.Autonomous self-propelled desalination plant assisted by renewable energy on a marine artefact that consists of a floating platform on which is installed a plant for making drinking water by evaporation (11) and/or inverse osmosis (10), temporary storage tanks for desalinated water (12), systems of supply of water to land (5), one or more wind-driven generators (21) for production of electrical energy necessary for plant, a thermal and/or photovoltaic solar power station (22), for the preheating of water on entry to the process and a diesel-electric propulsion plant (17) to complete the energy supply of the desalination plant and for the propulsion of the marine artefact. The plant will be capable of producing drinking water or water for irrigation and will be equipped with a system of physical/chemical analysis both for the water on entry and for the water produced in order to guarantee its quality.
21 citations
TL;DR: The seawater desalination facilities by reverse osmosis membranes in the world are reviewed in this article, where the state of the art of desalification technology development using reverse oasmosis membranes is discussed.
21 citations
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: The Nesjavellir combined power plant as discussed by the authors was the first to use geothermal steam and water from 10 production wells for co-generation of electric and thermal power.
Abstract: The third stage of the Nesjavellir combined power plant was commissioned in late 1998 after a record construction period of only 22 months. Two 30 MW turbine generator units were installed and considerable modifications of the thermal power plant were made. The nominal capacity of the plant is now 60 MWe electric and 200 MWt thermal power. Geothermal steam and water from 10 production wells are gathered in a central separator station, supplying up to 132 kg/s of steam and 240 kg/s of water. Electricity is generated in two condensing steam turbine units. The exhaust steam from the turbines is used to preheat fresh water in the condensers. The separated geothermal water is used in heat exchangers to heat the preheated water up to the required temperature. Finally, the water is treated in de-aerators to suit the requirements of the distribution system. Thus, the steam and the separated geothermal water are utilised, in the most economical way possible, for co-generation of electric and thermal power, which is also good for the environment as less heat is released to the atmosphere than in conventional geothermal plants. The paper gives a general overview of the process, the design and the layout of the Nesjavellir plant. The main features of the equipment used are described, as well as the planned operation with load variations during summer and winter seasons to achieve an optimal use of the geothermal source.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a small scale solar powered desalination system has been designed, analyzed, and optimized with regard to power needs and energy consumption both quantities scale linearly with the concentration of the total dissolved salt concentration (TDS) in the feed solution.
Abstract: A small scale solar powered desalination system has been designed, analyzed, and optimized with regard to power needs and energy consumption Both quantities scale linearly with the concentration of the total dissolved salt concentration (TDS) in the feed solution The desalination of brackish water at a TDS value of 3,000 ppm requires an energy of approximately 15 kWh/m 3 For seawater at a TDS value of 34,000 ppm, this value increases to 95 kWh/m 3 The selected type of membrane, the system design, and, in particular, the efficiency of the high pressure pump crucially affect energy consumption The desalination cost also has been estimated for a small scale system that linearly scale with the TDS value of the feed water
9 citations
04 Dec 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, the role and nature of water desalination is discussed with a special emphasis on the role of renewable energy for water desalinization by solar stills, ocean thermal energy conversion plants, wind, and photovoltaic cells.
Abstract: This article addresses water supply and use with special emphasis on the role and nature of water desalination The major desalination processes, using membranes or distillation, are described These are multistage flash evaporation (MSF), multi-effect distillation (ME), vapor compression distillation (VC), freeze–desalination, reverse osmosis (RO), and electrodialysis (ED) The use of renewable energy for water desalination by solar stills, ocean–thermal energy conversion plants, wind, and photovoltaic cells is presented Two of the key technical problems in desalination, scale deposition and prevention, and corrosion and the proper choice of materials to resist it, are discussed Basic equations are provided for the evaluation and preliminary design of MSF and RO, which are currently the leading water desalination processes The leading professional and governmental organizations involved with desalination, and their activities, are described
Keywords:
Water;
Desalination;
Supply;
Freshwater transport;
Problems;
Salination;
Water pollution;
Municipal distribution;
Saline water;
Industry water;
Agriculture water;
Desalination programs;
Associations;
Major processes;
Plant security
9 citations
Patent•
20 Jul 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, a method and a system for deep sea water desalination is described, in which the sea water is desalinated by utilizing pressure difference between the surface sea water and the deep-sea water.
Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a system for deep sea water desalination. The system consists of a purification and desalination device which includes several tubular purification and desalination units; and a desalted water storage and conveying means. The means includes a storage tank, pumps by which the desalted water is extracted, water level and pressure sensors, a pipe which is communicated with atmosphere, and a pipeline. The system is installed in the deep sea. The sea water is desalinated by utilizing pressure difference between the surface sea water and the deep sea water. The deep sea water pressure and atmorpheric pressure are applied to the reverse osmotic membrane module. The desalted water from the purification and desalination device is conveyed to a storage tank in the sea, then is pumped via a pipeline to a surface extraction point. The deslated water of the invention is not contaminated. The sea water can be sufficiently desalinated.
7 citations
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors developed a small size seawater desalination using nuclear heating reactor coupled with MED process, which was designed to supply potable water demand to some coastal or island where both fresh water and energy source are severely lacking.
Abstract: A small size plant for seawater desalination using nuclear heating reactor coupled with MED process was developed by the Instituted of Nuclear Energy Technology,Tsinghua University,China,This seawater desalination plant was designed to supply potable water demand to some coastal or island where both fresh water and energy source are severely lacking ,It is also recommended as a demonstration and training facility for seawater desalination using nuclear energy. the desing of small size of seawater desalination plant couples two proven technologies:Nuclear Heating Reactor(NHR) and Multi-Effect Destination (MED) process.The NHR desing possesses intrinsic and passive safety features,which was demonstrated by the experiences of the project NHR-5.The intermediate circuit and steam circuit were designed as the safety barriers betewwn the NHR reactor and MED desalination system.Wihin 10-200MWt of the power range of the hating reactor,the desalination plant could provide 8000 to 150,000m^3/d of high quality potable water,The desing concept could provide 8000 to 150,000m^3/d of high quality potable water,The design concept and parameters,safety features and coupling scheme are presented.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduced recent progress about the process of seawater desalination of SWRO, MSF and MED, and reported that total energy requirement is below 3 kWh/m 3, and the prices of desalted water fall to below $0.55 /m 3 for SWRO.
Abstract: The paper introduces recent some progress about the process of seawater desalination of SWRO,MSF and MED. With intensifying competition of the market of seawater desalination and the technical development, especial in SWRO, there has been significant progress in reducing the energy requirement. It was reported that total energy requirement is below 3 kWh/m 3, and the prices of desalted water fall to below $0.55/m 3 for SWRO. For large scale seawater desalting plant in international reguest for proposals, SWRO won bids at lowst capitalization, power requirement and price. A great development is anticipated for the 21st century in seawater desalination market, and SWRO will be mainly process.
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: The use of existing single holes, made during rock oil and earth gas exploration, is the most effective from an economical point of view as discussed by the authors, however, high expenditure on drilling of the hole in comparison to the total capital cost is a negative aspect of using this method of winning heat energy.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Geothermal heat plants and power stations in most cases work in two-hole systems with injection and production wells. In these systems the temperature of geothermal water extracted to the earth surface may be estimated precisely using known computational models in a relatively easy way and the temperature of geothermal water pumped back to its original source can be estimated. When the flows of drowned out water are great, changes in temperature of the geothermal water in injection and production conductors are relatively low. However, high expenditure on drilling of the hole in comparison to the total capital cost is a negative aspect of using this method of winning heat energy. The capital cost may be reduced by employing the one-hole injection system. The use of existing single holes, made during rock oil and earth gas exploration, is the most effective from an economical point of view. Therefore a double-pipe exchanger with intermediate fluid drawing heat from a geothermal deposit is located in the existing single hole. In the available literature the double-pipe exchanger is called the Field's exchanger.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the overall design, manufacture of equipment and the choice of its model as well as the processes of technology and system control of the sea water desalination pilot project wit 500 t/d.
Abstract: In this paper is described the overall design, manufacture of equipment and the choice of its model as well as the processes of technology and system control of the sea water desalination pilot project wit 500 t/d. Though the examination and test for the said system for 500 hours, it is shown that the system is in normal operation with stable operating parameters, qualified water quality for design requirements and product water meeting the national standard of living and drinking water. In light of the investment the project and local concrete conditions, the cost of water-making, economic and social benefits are summarily analysed.
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this article, a novel desalination system based on the use of ambient energy is described, where the energy is collected from the environment using an innovative harvesting collector made of extruded aluminum, which forms part of a building structure.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter describes the novel desalination system based on the use of ambient energy. The energy is collected from the environment using an innovative harvesting collector made of extruded aluminum, which forms part of a building structure. Feasibility work already carried out exhibits that when such ambient collection surfaces are linked with conventional flash evaporation equipment, it is possible to produce fresh water. The chapter describes the results of the an EC funded feasibility study carried out on a small-scale system based on the Isle of Wight and the potential of the system to produce fresh water at a commercial scale is also discussed. It is noted that the technology offers good potential for desalination in arid and semi-arid regions of the world where there is good solar and ambient energy for use in standard desalination equipment.