Showing papers on "Heat sink published in 1977"

Solar panel unit

Abstract: The elements of the solar panel are arranged generally in parallel planes that, starting from the top, include a transparent sheet, a plurality of converging lenses, a plurality of solar cells arranged in electrical series respectively aligned with the converging lenses, an electrically insulating support plate that together with the sides of the solar unit and the top sheet form a vacuum chamber for the lenses and solar cells to reduce heat transfer by convection and conduction upwardly from the solar cells, a thermopile, a heat sink plate receiving heat from the thermopile, heat transfer fins receiving heat from the heat sink plate, a serpentine conduit in heat exchange with the heat fins, thermal insulation, and a bottom plate that is connected to the side walls. Two side walls contain mating couplings for each of the conduit, thermopile, and photoelectric cells so that two adjacent panels may be interconnected with such couplings to provide fluid connection and electrical connection between the adjacent panels.

Thermal energy storage by means of reversible heat pumping utilizing industrial waste heat

Abstract: An improved process for storing the off-peak electrical output of an electricity generating plant in the form of heat by using said off-peak electrical output to raise the temperature level of a quantity of stored low vapor pressure thermal energy retention material and recalling said stored heat during periods of peak power demand in the form of electrical power, or industrial process heat wherein the excess electrical power, running a compressor (i.e. heat pump), compresses low grade heat containing vapor thereby raising the temperature and said compressed high heat is transferred to a LVP thermal energy retention material, the improvement comprising using as a source of low grade heat the waste heat generated by industrial and/or municipal installation such as refineries, steel mills, incinerators, etc. The process utilizes hot low vapor pressure (LVP) thermal energy retention material and appropriate storage means and cold LVP thermal energy retention material and appropriate storage means, low level, low grade waste heat either alone or in combination with stored hot water, most preferably alone, heat exchanger means, heat pumping means, turbine means, electric motor means and generator means and/or industrial process heat utilization means.

Storage arrangement for thermal energy

Abstract: Heat of liquefaction and solidification is transmitted between a heat storing material undergoing the phase transition and a heating medium in a heat exchanger by means of a partly gaseous, partly liquid fluid sealed in a heat pipe a portion of which is received in the container for the aforementioned material, and which is equipped with fins in direct contact with the heat storing material while a second portion of the heat pipe is in thermal contact with the heating medium in the heat exchanger.

Heat pipe thermal mounting plate for cooling electronic circuit cards

Abstract: Heat pipe technology may be utilized to cool circuit card-mounted electronic components A heat pipe thermal mounting pipe has a very high thermal conductivity and provides a relatively uniform temperature surface for attaching of circuit card-mounted electronic components It comprises thin evaporator and condenser wicks (for low temperature gradients) as well as a relatively porous sintered metal artery wick (for high heat transfer capability) The heat sink or other heat exchanger may be mounted at the edge of the thermal mounting plate in the vicinity of the condenser wick The electronic components are mounted in the vicinity of the evaporator wicks

Arrangement for heat transfer between a heat source and a heat sink

Abstract: An arrangement for improving the transfer of heat from a heat source to a heat sink. The improvement is provided by the use of a malleable dimpled wafer which is deformed between the heat source and heat sink so as to improve the direct contacting of the juxtaposed adjacent surfaces of the heat source and heat sink, thereby resulting in improved thermal conductivity therebetween.

Geothermal heat recovery system

Abstract: A system for recovering heat from a geothermal well includes a quantity of heavy drilling mud filling the bottom of the geothermal well. A hollow heat absorber is disposed within the drilling mud in the well bottom. The heat absorber is supplied with a working fluid such as freon through a supply pipe extending from the top of the well, the pressure head of the working fluid at the heat absorber being commensurate with the depth of the well. A high pressure gas delivery pipe extends from the heat absorber to the top of the well, and is connected to a heat exchanger disposed within a water boiler. The outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to a working fluid supply tank, which is connected in turn to the upper end of the supply pipe. A thermostatic valve interposed between the supply tank and the supply pipe controls the amount of working fluid entering the heat absorber in accordance with the temperature and heat demands of the water boiler. The amount of working fluid in the heat absorber is computed to fill the absorber to the proper height for efficient heat transfer. The working fluid vaporizes in the heat absorber at a pressure equal to the pressure head of the supply pipe, and the pressure and temperature of that vapor causes the vapor to rise at a very high rate and disperse its latent heat into the water boiler.

Semiconductor laser device equipped with a silicon heat sink

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device in which at least one of the main surfaces of a semiconductor laser crystal body which generates heat during operation is brought into thermal contact with a silicon crystal heat-sink body.

Terminal block with encapsulated heat sink

Abstract: A printed circuit panel connector comprises an encased heat sink for maintaining all electrical connections to the connector at substantially the same temperature. The heat sink is disposed between a plurality of tubular electrical connector elements adapted to receive corresponding external conductors, and a like plurality of electrical contact elements for making electrical connections between each one of the tubular electrical connector elements and a corresponding terminal adjacent the edge of a printed circuit board. Portions of the contact elements are in spring loaded contact with the heat sink such that the heat sink positively retains the contact elements within the terminal block body and maintains the various tubular electrical connector elements and electrical contact elements at substantially the same temperature.

Air conditioning apparatus including a heat pump

Abstract: Apparatus are disclosed for conditioning the air within an indoor space and include first heat transfer means for selectively heating air passing to the space and a heat pump selectively operable in a heating mode, also for heating air passing to the indoor space. Control means are provided for effecting operation of the first heat transfer means and the heat pump which include means for sensing the demand for heat within the indoor space and for distinguishing between a relatively low demand and a relatively high demand. Operation of the heat pump is effected in response to a relatively low demand for heat until such demand is satisfied. In the event that a relatively high demand for heat is sensed, operation of the heat pump is terminated and the first heat transfer means is operated until such time as both the relatively high and low demands for heat are satisfied. In the event that outdoor ambient temperature drops below a predetermined level, means are provided for preventing operation of the heat pump and for effecting operation of the first heat transfer means in response to the relatively low demand for heat.

Modular assembly of a photovoltaic solar energy receiver

Abstract: There is provided a modular assembly of a solar energy concentrator having a photovoltaic energy receiver with passive cooling Solar cell means are fixedly coupled to a radiant energy concentrator Tension means bias a large area heat sink against the cell thereby allowing the cell to expand or contract with respect to the heat sink due to differential heat expansion

Apparatus for cooling electrical components

Abstract: In a cooling assembly including a heat conductive block mounting an electronic part, and a heat pipe attached to the heat conductive block, a connector connected to the leads of the electronic part is arranged in the heat conductive block.

Focusing solar energy apparatus

Abstract: An apparatus employing cylindrical focusing parabolic mirrors (parabolic troughs) of an optimized configuration capable of being manufactured by techniques of mass production to focus sunlight onto a specifically designed heat pipe which is to carry water or other heat transfer fluid. Focused sunlight energy is absorbed by the pipe, converted to thermal energy and transferred to heat the fluid in the pipe. Groups of mirrors are sequentially arranged so that the fluid in the pipes progressively absorbs more heat as it travels through the heat pipe. At some point in the fluid movement, depending upon the intensity of the specular sunlight the fluid, if liquid, may be converted to vapor. Transfer liquids other than water with higher boiling points may be used within the heat pipe and exit from the heat pipe in the liquid state. In either case, the steam, hot gas or superheated liquid is transmitted to a collector system which is then transported by standard steam pipes enclosed within a silvered glass envelope to a central thermal/electrical generating station. Collector mirror arrays are mounted to permit a single tracking motor to steer a large number of mirrors. All components are optimized for low maintenance and low cost to manufacture.

Desk mounted tube sealer

Abstract: A desk mounted tubing sealer useable by either seated or standing operators heat seals liquid filled plastic tubing on command. The sealer generates a source of RF energy to heat seal plastic tubing on placement thereof between a fixed jaw and a tube compressing movable jaw. The jaws and attendant structure serves as a heat sink to dissipate heat and prevent a heat buildup during rapid repetitive operation of the sealer. Adequate space and drainage are provided about the operating components for cleaning purposes in the event of a burst tube during formation of a seal.

Approximate formulas for the thermal resistance of IMPATT diodes compared with computer calculations

Abstract: Two analytical formulas, which allow the thermal resistance to be calculated approximately for layered heat sinks with finite radii, are presented. They are shown to agree closely with finite-difference computer solutions of the steady-state heat equation for typical diode structures. The approximations allow rapid calculations without recourse to a computer.

Solar energy unit

Abstract: A solar energy unit comprising a housing adapted to be mounted on the roof of a building or otherwise suitably supported. The housing has a central cavity which contains a reservoir for a heat absorbing liquid. A heat exchanger containing a circulating heat exchange fluid is immersed in the heat-absorbing liquid. The heat exchange fluid circulates to areas to be heated. A transparent dome covers the upper end of the housing and the cavity and is provided with prismatic facets on its inner surface to magnify the sun's rays and to focus or concentrate the rays on the heat-absorbing liquid. The dome is substantially hemispherical and will receive the sun's rays regardless of the position of the sun relative to the housing.

Power switching device having improved heat dissipation means

Abstract: A insulating housing has a recess in which a ceramic substrate is inserted for the first side of the substrate to be inside of the recess and the second side to be exposed and to extend outwardly from the recess slightly beyond the bottom surface of the housing. Clamping the housing against a heat sink compresses the second side of the substrate against the heat sink to enhance heat transfer by reason of the number of junctions or interfaces being minimized. Electric circuit means are disposed on the first side of the substrate and at least one heat generating electric component is in the circuit. A new method and means for connecting leads to the lead frame which is adhered to the substrate is disclosed.

Multi source heat pump air conditioning system

Abstract: An air conditioning system utilizing low temperature heating sources of the environment, so as to maximize the heat coefficient of performance (COP H ) by conserving subterranean heat, atmospheric heat, solar heat and auxiliary heat sources in combination with a reversible-cycle water source heat pump, by absorption of heat energy into a liquid (water) and by applying said heat energy to the heat pump evaporator during the Heating Mode of operation to be absorbed by the refrigerant at low temperature, later to be rejected by the heat pump condensor at a higher temperature, thereby increasing the coefficient of performance, the capacity requirement of the heat pump unit being reduced by utilizing heat energy storage (hot and chilled), and by recirculating air therethrough for the accumulation and storage of supplemental heated and chilled water as required; and, discharging any excess heat through louvered solar panels opened for heat exchange and closed for heat absorption.

Electronic assembly with heat sink means

Abstract: An electronic assembly consisting of at least a pair of modules, a control and power semiconductor module and a filter module interconnected by means permitting ease of assembly and disassembly. The control and power semiconductor module comprises a pair of spaced heat sinks forming side enclosures for the assembly and connected by bracket means to a printed circuit board (PCB) which mounts electronic components on its upper face including high heat generating elements carried by the bracket means. The PCB is located at one end of the heat sinks which is secured at their other end to the base of the filter module. The large capacitors and reactors supported on the base nest in the chamber or cavity formed by the PCB and heat sinks to provide a compact assembly.

Conduction-cooled circuit package

Abstract: A circuit package exhibiting an excellent heat transfer path from a semiconductor chip or other heat-generating device to the heat-sink can or cover of the package. A heat-conducting pad is metallurgically bonded to either said cover or a surface of said device; the pad is also separably attached, but metallurgically unbonded, to the other. In one preferred embodiment, a readily deformable metal or alloy, such as indium, is metallurgically bonded to a limited central region of the heat sink cover. The deformable metal is separably attached to a major surface of the chip so that there is no stress between the chip or its joints and the solder during the electrical operation of the chip when it generates heat. The preferred method of fabrication involves the mechanical deformation of a mass of solder against the back side of the chip, after the solder has been metallurgically bonded to heat sink. The process may be accomplished either at high or low temperatures, depending upon the solder composition and the relative strength of the leads which join the chip to conductive lands on its supportive substrate.

Structure and technique for achieving reduced inductive effect of undesired components of common lead inductance in a semiconductive RF power package

Abstract: An RF power transistor device, or package, which includes a transistor, a capacitor, an electrically insulating but thermally conducting substrate, a metallic ground lead member on the substrate having input output and common portions, a heat sink on which the substrate is mounted and, input and output microstrip conductor means mounted on the heat sink has the common lead inductive effect of at least one component of common lead inductance of the transistor reduced by tightly coupling the input ground current and the input current as by a film of dielectric material such as Kapton or Teflon of about one half mil in thickness. Alternatively the output current and the output ground current may be tightly coupled.

Flexible thermal connector for enhancing conduction cooling

Abstract: A conduction heat transfer connection is made between a heat source and a heat sink which is flexible so as to adapt to variations in distance between the source and sink and which maintains the required force on the heat source to obtain the required heat transfer across the junction therebetween. The connection consists of a heat conductive metallic foil bundle of sufficient thickness to contact sufficient surface area of the heat source to provide the required heat transfer and of sufficient thinness to be flexible enough to absorb the expansion and contraction due to temperature changes as well as the differences in distance between the heat source and sink and of sufficient length to contact at or near the other end thereof the heat sink.

Modular printed circuit board assembly having cooling means incorporated therein

Abstract: A modular printed circuit board assembly has a plurality of printed circuit boards each of which is integrated with a separate heat sink to form a modular unit. Each such modular unit is removably supported in a housing on a separate pair of support tracks in the base and top cover of the housing, bottom edges of the printed circuit board and a runner formed on the edge of the heat sink riding in these tracks. Each of the heat sinks has a flange portion to which the associated printed circuit board is attached and on which elements such as power transistors which generate a substantial amount of heat are directly mounted. The main body portion of each heat sink has a plurality of fins in the form of longitudinal strips with longitudinal slots being formed between the fins. The printed circuit boards and their associated heat sinks joined together to form integral units are installed on the chassis in side-by-side relationship with the fins and slots in alignment with each other such that the slots of adjacent heat sinks form longitudinal channels. Continuous air circulation is provided through the channels thus formed by means of a blower which communicates with the ambient air and is positioned along the channels at one end of the stack of heat sinks and an outlet to the ambient air positioned along the channels at the other end of the heat sink stack, thereby affording a high flow of cooling air through the heat sinks.

Thermal control canister

Abstract: A heat dissipating instrument package of a spacecraft, located in a canister having walls in heat transfer relationship with the package, is maintained at a substantially constant temperature. Fixed conductance heat pipes on the canister walls are connected to variable conductance heat pipes, mounted on a radiator structure separated from the canister walls by a thermal blanket. The effective radiating area of the radiator structure is controlled by the variable conductance heat pipes in response to a comparison of a sensed temperature of the instrument package or the canister wall with a seat point value. The comparison controls a heater in a gas reservoir containing a non-condensable gas of the variable conductance heat pipe. To enable the set point to be varied over a relatively wide range, such a 0°-30° C., a thermal radiation shield for the gas reservoir prevents radiant energy from the exterior environment and thermal energy reflected from the spacecraft from overheating the non-condensable gas. In one embodiment, variable conductance heat pipe headers are provided between the canister and radiators, with isothermalizer feeder pipes on the radiators and canister walls; in further embodiments, variable conductance heat pipe feeder pipes are coupled directly between the canister walls and one or more radiators.

Surgical light assembly

Abstract: A surgical light assembly employs three fixed, coaxially-arranged curved reflectors with a single movable light source mounted for limited movement along the axis of the reflectors to focus the light. The light source and at least the reflective surfaces of two of the reflectors are enclosed so that convective currents over these surfaces are precluded. The light is cooled by a heat sink mounted in heat transfer relation with the light source, with the heat sink having a major surface exposed to atmosphere to dissipate heat. Glare is minimized by precluding direct viewing of the light source from outside the light assembly.

Ceramic solar collector

Abstract: In abstract a preferred embodiment of this invention is a flat plate type solar collector constructed of specially prepared ceramic material and designed to give maximum heat exchange with either liquid or gaseous fluids.

Heat store and installation for the utilization of solar energy

Abstract: A heat accumulator is provided which has a heat exchanger embedded in a crystalline substance and has a maximum operating temperature greater than the melting point of the crystalline substance. The latter and the heat exchanger are integrated in a moulding bonded by means of crosslinked plastic. Preferably, the crosslinked plastic is crystalline and, at the same time, forms the crystalline substance. There is also provided an installation for the utilization of solar energy. The installation comprises a heat accumulator as described hereinbefore, a useful-heat exchanger and a solar energy absorber, which are connected together to form a heat transfer circuit. The installation is of particular use for the production of warm water.

Heat storage systems

Abstract: The present invention provides systems for transfer of heat such as useful in solar energy systems. A heat storage medium is used, preferably salt conditioned by anti-caking anti-corrosive treatment whereby hydrated salts have increased utility by remaining granular during severe temperature and humidity changes, permitting the salt to be used more effectively as a heat storage and exchange medium. The heat storage medium is coated with a heat transfer liquid preferably silicone oil which functions to preserve salt, prevent rust and corrosion therefrom, and to serve as an efficient heat transfer medium between the heat storage medium and transfer means such as heat coils. A solar heat system comprises a solar energy concentrator, a heat input system to a granular particle storage medium, and a heat output system extracting heat from the storage medium.