Showing papers on "Heating system published in 1998"

Fire and rescue equipment dryer system and method

Abstract: A drying unit for drying fire and rescue equipment is disclosed. The unit includes a fresh air intake and heating system into which fresh air is drawn and heated. Once the air is heated it is passed into a drying chamber where wet items are placed. As drying occurs, excess moisture is collected in the water removal and exhaust system where it is evaporated by the heated air and then exhausted from the drying unit by an exhaust fan.

Image heating device and image forming device

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To eliminate the problem caused by the temperature rising of a paper non-passing part by preventing or mitigating the temperature rising of the paper non-passing part of an image heating device at the image heating device of an electromagnetic induction heating system and an image forming device provided with the image heating device. SOLUTION: In this image heating device which has a magnetic flux generating means having an exciting coil 3 and a magnetic material core 5 and an induction heating element 1 executing electromagnetic induction heat generation by the action of the generated magnetic flux of the magnetic flux generating means and which heats an image on a recording material by the heat of the induction heating element by introducing and carrying the recording material to a heating part N, the magnetic material core 5 is plurality divided into parts 5(b), 5(a) and 5(b) in a direction orthogonal with the carrying direction of the recording material, and is made movable by moving means 6(a), 7, 8, 9 and 10, and the core moving means incorporates a shape memory alloy member 10 or bimetal and moves a core by using displacement corresponding to the temperature of the shape memory alloy member 10.

Prevention of ground fault interrupts in a semiconductor processing system

Abstract: A pedestal heating system provided for heating a pedestal disposed in the processing chamber of a substrate processing system. A pedestal heating system according to the present invention includes: a heater power supply, a transformer, coupled to the heater power supply, a heater element coupled to the transformer, and an RF ground electrode. The transformer is configured to reduce leakage current from the heater element to various elements of the substrate processing system by localizing current leakage loops. The heater element and RF ground electrode are disposed within the pedestal. Preferably, the transformer is simply an isolation transformer. Where an RF energy source is used, such as in a plasma CVD processing system, an EMI filter may be coupled between the transformer and the heater element, or at another point in the power supply chain to prevent feed-through of RF energy to other of the substrate processing system's subsystems, or other sensitive electronic circuitry coupled to the facility's power supply.

Residential energy consumption for space heating in Norwegian households : a discrete-continuous choice approach

Abstract: In this paper the demand for space heating energy is estimated by using a discrete-continuous choice model which focuses on the relationship between the choice of heating equipment and energy consumption. The model is estimated on Norwegian micro data, and the two stages of the model are estimated simultaneously. The capital cost and the operating cost of the heating systems are both found to have a significant impact on the choice of heating system. Furthermore, the results show that household characteristics are important variables in residential energy models. Energy price elasticities and income elasticities are estimated.

Reduction of pressure drop of a cooling or heating system

Abstract: There are described apparatus and methods wherein ultraviolet light kills and/or degrades and vaporizes microorganisms and organic material which naturally form over time on a heat exchanger. As this matter is eliminated, the pressure drop is decreased (i.e., airflow is increased) and the heat exchange efficiency (capacity) is increased. Less energy per Btu removed is used by the cooling system, and less energy is used by the HVAC system to move air.

Heating systems based on alternating-current electrodes

Abstract: A self-protecting heating system and process of heating comprises an electrical circuit comprising an alternating current source (1), at least two electrodes (4, 5) made of passive metals, passive alloys, noble metals or alloys thereof, and electrically-conductive medium, wherein the two poles of said alternating electric current source (1) are in electrical contact with at least one electrode (4, 5) at each pole, and said electrodes (4, 5) are both in electrical contact with said electrically-conductive medium.

Incorporating a District Heating/Cooling System Into an Existing Geothermal Power Plant

Abstract: Geothermal energy has been used for power generation, space and process heating, and to a lesser extent, space cooling However, it is rarely used for cogeneration This paper shows how a district heating/cooling system can be incorporated into an existing geothermal power plant to make the best use of extracted hot brine In the power plant analysis, exergy destruction throughout the plant is quantified and illustrated using an exergy cascade The primary source of exergy destruction in the plant is determined to be the reinjection of used brine into the ground, which accounts for 48 1 percent of the total exergy destruction The overall first and the second law efficiencies of the plant are calculated to be 56 and 283 percent, respectively, based on the exergy of the geothermal fluid at downwell, and 5 7 and 286 percent, respectively, based on the exergy of the geothermal fluid at wellhead A binary system is considered for the heating/cooling district to avoid corrosion and scaling problems The heating system, as designed, has the capability to meet the entire needs of the Reno Industrial Park under peak load conditions, and has 30 percent reserve for future expansion An absorption system will be used for the cooling of the intended 40 percent floor space of the industrial park An economic analysis shows that the incorporation of the district heating/cooling system with 2,785,000 m 2 of floor space connected to the geothermal grid appears to be feasible, and financially very attractive Further, using the returning freshwater from the district heating/cooling system for partial cooling of the binary fluid of the power plant can save up to 15 percent of the fan work

Heating system and image forming device

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To restrain the temperature difference between a contacted place and a noncontacted place with a heating object material of the rotary body surface, and to improve heating efficiency by forming a rotary body as a multilayer structure. SOLUTION: A fixing roller 1 is formed as a multilayer structure having a surface separable layer 11, a conductive layer 12 heated by electromagnetic induction, a high heat conduction layer 13 having thermal conductivity higher than the conductive layer 12 and a low heat conduction layer 14 for preventing heat dissipation to the inside of a roller in order from the heating object material side (the outside). Therefore, when high heat conduction layer 13 is arranged inside the conductive layer 12 which is a heating layer, the layer function to uniformize the temperature difference in the surface of the fixing roller 1 like a heat pipe. Electric power consumption is reduced, since a heat radiation quantity into the air from the inside surface of the fixing roller 1 can be reduced by arranging the low heat conduction layer 14 inside the high heat conduction layer 13. Device start time can be shortened, without a special mechanism by these effects and an offset of an unfixed toner image 7 can be prevented.

Control and command system for a heating system

Abstract: The heating system has a boiler (1) with a feed line (5) and a return line (6). Connected between the lines are a number of branch connections that are in the form of loops (10) that connect with radiators (7-9). Each loop has a pump (14) and a three way bypass control valve (12). The valves and pumps are coupled to a heating system controller.

Chemical heat pump or reverse cycle heating system for covering heating and air-conditioning in buildings uses a minimum of two sorption reactors with internal circuitry

Abstract: Each sorption reactor (SR) linked to a solar collector (SK) contains an adsorber, a vaporizer and a capacitor, including heat exchangers and valve assemblies. The adsorber in a primary reactor is regenerated by a heating substance fed in with a heat exchanger. Condensing heat is released by this into a cooling circuit. The adsorber in a secondary reactor adsorbs water, feeding heat energy to the cooling circuit. A second reactor's vaporizer, fed by the vaporizer circuit, removes heat from the substance flowing through.

Thermostat with load relay cycling feature

Abstract: A thermostat for an environmental control load that includes a temperature sensor, a timer, and a controller, and a method of controlling the thermostat that allows temporary system outages including, but not limited to, outages caused by lockouts or failure of pulsed relays to operate, to be corrected automatically, by the thermostat itself. The environmental control load may include a heating system such as a heat pump or a millivolt heating system, although the thermostat and its method of operation could also be employed with cooling systems, or heating and cooling systems. The controlled load may be one that has a "lockout" mode to prevent activation when a problem is detected, such as a reduction in gas pressure. The temperature sensor detects whether, for example, a request for heat issued by the controller has been satisfied, or alternately, if the ambient temperature has risen within some period of time, usually about two hours. If the ambient temperature has not satisfied this condition within two hours, the environmental control load is turned off, and then on, to recycle and overcome the lockout condition, if the load is resettable and the condition causing the lockout has passed. This resetting may occur only once, or may be repeated after another period of time, with the repetitions optionally being limited in number. The thermostat can safely be used without noticeable degradation in service even with nonrecyclable systems.

Heating and ventilation device for a vehicle with additional fitting

Abstract: The heating system has a duct (10) where the air is heated by a heat exchanger (18) fitted in the duct and traversed by a flow of air (F1). The heat exchanger has a body (22) connected to two collecting boxes (24, 26) which have plates (40, 42) to allow fitting of an electric heating element (20). The heat exchanger and the electric element can be slid into place in the duct.

Central heating control: a new technique to gauge room temperature

Abstract: The project criteria and common evolution in design and restructuring central heating systems are leading to the complete elimination and substitution of the old, enormous central heating boilers (only one of them was planned to heat up to 40 flats), for one-family stand-alone systems. This tendency-encouraged by the Italian law-has the favorable effect to install new, well-operating devices in the place of the old ones; at the same time it allows the user to regulate the heating according to his own requirements and finally he will pay only his own gas bill: not more, not less. This new system is designed to operate on a central heating system (no matter what size), but takes its maximum advantage when implemented in district heating: the incoming constant-flow hot water is piped in a heat exchanger. Water temperature at the flowing in and out is gauged by two sensors, in order to obtain a reliable value for the power consumption; two other sensors are employed to gauge room temperature. A local unit processes signals and data, and communicates by a serial bus (only one line serves up to 64 remote units) with a remote computer. This last one acquires in real time all temperature data, compare them with data fixed by users and calculates power consumption. Each user can at any moment choose and request one of the eight heating programs, from maximum economy to maximum comfort.

Simplified thermal comfort evaluation of MRT gradients and power consumption predicted with the BCAP methodology

Abstract: Accurately predicting the thermal comfort in a room requires careful consideration of the energy balance in a room. Not only does an accurate thermal comfort analysis include conductive, convective, and radiative heat exchanges, but also wall properties, heating system data, and room geometry. Since these calculations are often complex, thermal comfort calculations are not readily done without the aid of a computer. The thermal comfort algorithm employed for this analysis was the Building Comfort Analysis Program (BCAP) methodology initially developed under Jones and Chapman (1994) and modified under Chapman and DeGreef (1997). This thermal comfort evaluation focuses on the mean radiant temperature gradients and power consumption for two different room geometries using three different heating systems. The results from the analysis are presented with detailed discussion. This simplified thermal comfort evaluation provides the design engineer with an additional tool for determining the appropriate type of heating system in a room.

Automotive air-conditioner having hot-water heating system

Abstract: An air-conditioner has a hot-water heating system 110. The system includes a switch 140 for setting a temperature in an interior, a sensor 134 for sensing a temperature of water, a first relay 116 for controlling the water temperature, and a second relay 118 for preventing an overheating. A controller 130 is provided which controls the first relay to adjust the water temperature to a certain temperature based on the set temperature and the detected temperature. When the water temperature has increased to a predetermined temperature, the controller controls the second relay to disconnect between a heater 114 and a power source 120.

Humidifier with evaporation surface and liquid film producer

Abstract: The humidifier has evaporation surface (1) and film producer (2), the prodn. of a liquid film (3) on the front evaporation side (7) and the rear side (8) lying opposite the evaporation side of the evaporation surface. A unit (4) is included for heating the liquid film and evaporation surface (1) or the front evaporation side and the rear side of the evaporation surface. The system (4) for heating, uses a hot air fan, or a microwave heater and IR emitter and a body radiating heat or a convector, in addition focussed or non-focussed sunlight, electric wire resistance heater or an essentially plate or tubular conducting system. The system (6) carries out one by one evaporation surface, heating of a solar engineered, photovoltaic, geothermic or across an electrical or a fired heating system in conjunction with a gaseous or liquid fuel heating medium. A pump (15) is provided along with a probe (17) for measuring the humidity of the ambient air or thermometer probe (18).

Device for cooling engines and for heating the interior of a hybrid vehicle

Abstract: The combination unit includes a radiator bypass (56,62,66,70), in which an electric heater (80) and a heating system heat exchanger (68) are arranged, for heating the vehicle interior. Respectively according to the operating mode of the hybrid vehicle, the heat exchanger can receive heat from the IC engine (12) or the electric heater. Thus in the electric operating mode, without the engine running, for maintaining a small heating loss, an uncoupling of the engine and the radiator (26) from the heating system heat exchanger is possible, using a thermostat valve (24) and an electro valve (28).

Electric boost heater for deep fryer

Abstract: A fryer system having a vat containing shortening, a first heater for supplying heat to the shortening, and a second heater for supplying heat to the shortening. The second heater is preferably activated only when the temperature of the shortening falls below a predetermined minimum temperature and disabled when the temperature of the shortening reaches a predetermined maximum temperature. In one preferred embodiment, the first heater is a heat exchanger with a gas burner while the second heater is an electric heating element. In another preferred embodiment, the first heater is an electric heating element and the second heater is an autotransformer supplying an overvoltage to the electric heating element. A method for operating a heating system for a fryer is also disclosed.

Gas heated appliance with a device for controlling the heating

Abstract: The heating system has a gas powered boiler with a burner (4) that is fed from a supply line via a valve unit (5) that is adjusted, dependent upon the type of gas used. The unit has a movable two-way valve element that switched between two different gas supplies to different gas nozzles in the burner that are specifically designed for the gases. The valve is coupled to the boiler controller (2).

On-demand direct electrical resistance heating system and method thereof

Abstract: A liquid heater includes an electrical power supplier and a heating passage configured to receive unheated liquid. The heating passage is defined by a first electrode and a second electrode. The first and second electrodes are electrically connected to the electrical power supplier. The unheated liquid received into the heating passage generates heat when an electric current flows through the liquid and between the first and second electrodes. The liquid heater is utilized in beverage product dispensers and heated liquid food product dispensers.

Akranes and Borgarfjordur district heating system

Abstract: Akranes and Borgarnes are two towns in the western part of Iceland, about 100 km north of Reykjavik Geothermal investigations for Akranes started as early as around 1950; but in spite of several attempts, a geothermal field, which could be utilized economically, was not found for a long period After the increase in oil prices in the early 1970s, further studies were carried out On the basis of the results of those studies, it was decided to build a combined district heating system for Akranes, Borgarnes, Hvanneyri (agricultural school) and some farms in the Borgarfjordur region The water is piped from the hot spring Deildartunga, which is one of the largest hot springs in the world Besides that, the system utilizes two wells at the farm Baer The utilization of the hot spring makes the system different from most other district heating systems in Iceland, which are based on water from wells Akranes and Borgarfjordur District Heating System was established in 1979 Before that time, space heating in this area was both by oil (93%) and electricity (7%) The system has now been split into three companies: one that is responsible for all the hot water production and transmission, andmore » one district heating system for each of the two communities« less

Cooling/heating system using ground heat, building furnished with cooling/heating facility, and cooling/ heating method

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To ensure cooling of indoor air in the case where there are successive tropical nights, in a system for cooling indoor air of a building by using a heat exchanging method which employs a heat storage material. SOLUTION: A large quantity of water to be used as a heat storage material is stored in a reserve tank 3 which is provided underground. Water is thus cooled by the ground heat. Then, a portion of the water stored in the reserve tank 3 is taken out therefrom and supplied to a heat exchanging tank 4 having a small capacity, followed by sending air to a ventilation pipe 10 which is furnished in the heat exchanging tank 4 in a immersed condition. Thus sent air is discharged to the inside of a building 2 through a supply air duct 15 to lower indoor temperature. Since the reserve tank 3 has a large capacity, and therefore, the water therein is maintained cool by the ground heat during heat exchange, water having a given temperature can be constantly supplied to the heat exchanging tank 4, thereby realizing a continuous use. COPYRIGHT: (C)2000,JPO