Showing papers on "Heritiera fomes published in 2020"

Impact of increased salinity on the plant community of the Sundarbans Mangrove of Bangladesh

Abstract: The overreaching objective of the study was to assess the changes in eco-regional forest composition and the colonization of invasive plant species in the Sundarbans, the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest globally. The study also aimed to examine the relationship between different plant types and the salinity level. Additionally, the interconnection between the salinity and the ‘top dying’ disease of the pioneer and dominant species was also measured. Thirty sample plots were established at the mouths of an equal number of canals to collect the plant community’s primary data. In addition, secondary historical data were utilized to understand the natural dynamics of the forest eco-regions in this mangrove. The study revealed that the fresh swamp forests disappeared from their historical range. Over time, the Screw Pine (Pandanus tectorius) became extinct from the study area. Simultaneously, rice grass (Leersia hexandra) and wild rice (Potresia coarctata) stand on the brink of extinction. Sundari (Heritiera fomes), the pioneer and dominant species, suffers from the increased salinity, and its stocks are declining due to intensified “top dying” disease. In contrast, the salt lover species, notably white mangrove (Avicennia marina), enjoy the incremental hegemony. The abundance of the indicator species, Nypa Palm (Nipa fruticans), and Mangrove Date Palm (Phoenix pelludosa) show a declining trend because of increased salinity. A total number of 25 invasive plant species were enumerated in this study. Immediate mitigation actions are required to protect this alteration in the vegetation composition of this mangrove. Hence, the study proposed a conceptual model of a mitigation plan spotlighting the local pressures.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Heritiera fomes (Buch.-Ham), a mangrove plant of the Sundarbans

Abstract: The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of Heritiera fomes ethanolic extract was evaluated.Query Ethanolic extraction of dried and grinded plant leaves and bark was performed. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and β-carotene bleaching inhibition assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were also determined. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by in vitro human RBC membrane stabilizing assay and in vivo mice paw edema test. Ethanolic bark and leaf extracts of H. fomes (S1 and S2, respectively) showed significant scavenging effect on DPPH scavenging 68.51 µg/ml for S1 and 108.64 µg/ml for S2. Potent reduction potential (FRAP) was observed in S1 (83.75 mM of ferrous equivalent) while the FRAP of standard ascorbic acid was found 86.66 μM of ferrous equivalent. S1 also exhibited 87.43% β-carotene bleaching inhibition as comparable to standard butylated hydroxytoluene with 98.85% inhibition. Substantial phenolic and flavonoid content was also observed in S1 (136.83 μg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract and 76.67 μg quercetin equivalent/g of extract, respectively). S1 could provide 61.73% and 53.27% protection of RBC membrane in hypotonicity and heat induced lysis of RBC, respectively while the standard diclofenac sodium provided 91.66% and 86.66% protection, respectively. Furthermore, 44.16% reduction in mice paw edema at 40 μg/kg bw concentration was observed in S1 as compared to standard indomethacine (53.54% in 10 μg/kg bw concentration). The results revealed that the bark extract (S1) of H. fomes possesses significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

One-Step Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extracts from Sundarbans Mangroves Revealed High Toxicity on Major Mosquito Vectors and Microbial Pathogens

Abstract: Mosquitoes act as vectors for several deadly diseases that have devastating effect on millions of people throughout the world. Controlling the spread of these mosquito vectors is a challenging task. Here, we propose a mangrove-mediated production of AgNPs from cheap aqueous extracts of Heritiera fomes from the Sundarbans UNESCO World Heritage Site against mosquito vectors and bacterial pathogen. The bio-fabricated AgNPs were analyzed using UV–vis spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The fabricated Ag nanocomposites were crystalline and spherical shaped. Our experimental results indicated that minimal doses of H. fomes extract and H. fomes-AgNPs exhibited excellent toxicity against Anopheles stephensi as well as the Aedes aegypti with the LC50 of AgNPs ranging from 7.44 ppm (I instar) to 15.61 ppm (pupae) for A. stephensi and 8.39 ppm (I instar) to 17.66 ppm for A. aegypti. In antibacterial assays, then mangrove fabricated-AgNPs also highly inhibited the growth of B. subtilis, K. pneumoniae, and S. typhi in low doses. Overall, this study highlighted that H. fomes extracts and H. fomes-mediated Ag nanomaterials could be potentially applied for dengue, Zika and malaria vector control operations.

Selection of mangrove species for shrimp based silvo-aquaculture in the coastal areas of Bangladesh

Abstract: The purpose of this work was to assemble information with which to help identify and select mangrove species most likely to be useful and locally acceptable for use in transforming the dominant current non-mangrove shrimp culture practice in Bangladesh towards more sustainable shrimp silvo-aquaculture in the coastal regions of the country. We reviewed current mangrove use in the extensive aquaculture setting, compiled published evidence on mangrove properties and characteristics that influence their suitability for such use and assessed farmer preferences of the various species. Thirteen mangrove species (all of which are available in Bangladesh) were documented as being used in silvo-aquaculture system in the tropics. Followed by these already “established” mangrove species, Aegialitis rotundifolia, Heritiera fomes and Lumnitzera racemosa could be enlisted as additional “optional” mangrove species to consider, while Ceriops decandra, Excocaria agallocha and Phoenix paludosa were found to be unsuitable for silvo-aquaculture. Based on their experience and indigenous knowledge on mangroves, shrimp farmers ranked (in declining order of preference) Sonneratia apetala, S. caseolaris, Avicennia officinalis, Nypa fruticans, Bruguiera sexangula, Heritiera fomes, and also, the mangrove-associate wild rice species Oryza coarctata as the most suitable species to be used for promoting silvo-aquaculture in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Thus, the focus group interviews with the farmers not only identified which mangroves enjoy most local support for use in transforming current shrimp culture towards more sustainable shrimp silvo-aquaculture but also provided additional leads for species interesting to further investigation into their suitability for silvo-aquaculture.

Screening of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Acetone Extracts of Heritiera fomes Whole Plant against Pathogens

Abstract: Background: Phytochemicals are well known to have many important pharmaceutical properties. Heritiera fomes grows in low saline environments. The present study was initiated to explore the biologically beneficial properties of H. fomes. Methods: The crude extracts of H. fomes were extracted in acetone by orbital shaker and concentrated using rota evaporator. Total flavonoid content and Total phenolic content were estimated spectrophotometrically and the in-vitro antioxidant capacity was estimated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) Scavenging Assays. Anti-microbial activity was determined by Disc diffusion method. Results: Phytochemical screening of acetone extract of H. fomes showed the presence of major classes of phytochemicals like alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, phenols and sterols in considerable quantity. The total amount of phenolic and flavonoid content was found to be 75.3 mg GAE/g dry weight and 61.3 mg QE/g dry weight respectively. Antioxidant activity of plant extract determined by using different assays like H2O2 radical scavenging, DPPH and FRAP. A positive correlation between all the pairs of antioxidant assays was observed. Further, antimicrobial activity against various pathogens was evaluated by disc diffusion method where the zone of inhibitions were found to be in range from 5± 0.35 to 12 ± 0.50 mm. Conclusion: The study concludes that the plant Heritiera fomes has its effect in scavenging free radicals and has a potential to be a power antioxidant. Several in-vitro studies possess significant antioxidant, antimicrobial activities. The present study plays an important tool for new drug discovery.

Spatiotemporal mapping mangroves of Tengragiri wildlife sanctuary under Barguna district of Bangladesh using freely available satellite imagery

Abstract: Naturally grown mangrove forest is the south coastal community’s green barrier from any type of hydro-meteorological hazard and disasters. South-western coastal area of Bangladesh is covered by the Sundarbans, and mid-central zone is covered by Tengragiri wildlife sanctuary which is taken as a protected area in this recent era but not mapped properly with considering different species diversification and temporal changes pattern which is required for successful co-management of this mangrove forest. This study identifies species composition, plant diseases, degradation of the mangrove forests and further focuses on mapping mangroves by conducting plotting-based primary field visit, variability analysis using different indices and cross-matching with secondary databases. Existing mangrove forest boundary’s 200 m buffering with three-time series satellite imagery 2000, 2010 and 2017 is considered for further analysis. Including all buffering zone, this protected area considered 9 major classes that included four subclasses for presenting result like Baen (Avicennia officinalis), Gewa-Goran (Excoecaria agallocha, Ceriops decandra), Keora (Sonneratia apetala), Sundri (Heritiera fomes), Plantation trees Samanea Saman (Raintree), agriculture-grassland (agri-grass) and homestead settlement, sandbar and waterbody. Mapping accuracy assessment purpose automatically generated 996 points cross-matched with previously mangrove species level detailed survey results and found highest accuracy in Sundri species (70%) and all others above 50%. During 2000–2017, the Keora area showed the highest increase 129% over 2000 and increasing rate 13.17 ha/yr. About 26% Sundri and Baen–Passur increased around 13.45 ha/yr. In case of Sundri, 70% area coverage remained intact during 2000–2017, while other 25% classified in 2017 as Avicennia officinalis, Gewa-Goran classes. Furthermore, using refracted electromagnetic energy from various physical characteristics of plants application, four indices (NDVI, DVI, MSAVI-2, RVI) are usable where single-species-level crop density analysis has limitations, but identification of Sundri and Keora by MSAVI-2 and NDVI found significant and alternately lower accuracy values from RVI. Identification of dominant mangrove species groups as well as area gains and losses over 2000–2017 is a robust biophysical baseline for management of the sanctuary. Natural hearts of this area and working as first-step warriors against natural disasters originated from Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal; so far, it is very much required to save this forest and the coastal communities as well. The results of the study and maps will be helpful for the scientific community, planners, government-international bodies and the activists, Forest Department and the local community in effective planning, monitoring the effectiveness of co-management in conservation of the sanctuary.

Litterfall release, vegetative, and reproductive phenology investigation of Heritiera fomes Buch-Ham in the Sundarbans mangrove forests, Bangladesh: relationship with environmental variables

Abstract: The study of vegetative and reproductive phenology through litterfall collection of mangrove species is vital for mangrove management and restoration in climate change situation This study was car

Predicting multi-enzyme inhibition in the arachidonic acid metabolic network by Heritiera fomes extracts.

Abstract: Heritiera fomes is a mangrove plant with a rich history of ethnomedicinal usage against chronic inflammation. Biochemical analyses of H. fomes have exposed a plethora of bioactive phytochemicals th...

In vitro callus induction from nodal and leaf explants of Heritiera fomes Buch - Ham: An endangered mangrove

Abstract: Heritiera fomes (an important threatened mangrove) belongs to the family Sterculiaceae, is well known to be used as folk medicine for curing heart diseases, diabetes, pain, diarrhoea, skin disorders and hepatic disorders. Moreover, the ethanolic extract of stem bark had been reported to have the properties like antioxidant, lipoxygenase inhibitory, antihyperglycemic, antinociceptive effects and antibacterial activities. Being an important species, its multiplication is must. But in general, its multiplication through seeds is difficult due to having problems of seed collection, habitat type, seed viability and short storage life of seeds. In contrary, in vitro micropropagation could be one of the options. Hence, a study was conducted to investigate the callus induction from nodal and leaf explants of H. fomes under in vitro micropropagation for development of a protocol for future work. The result revealed that, the MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium containing BAP (2.0 mg/l) + NAA (1.0 mg/l) was found to be the most suitable for callus induction and mass of callus (i.e., fresh weight and dry weight) from nodal explants and the MS medium containing BAP (2.0 mg/l) + NAA (2.0 mg/l) was best for the callus induction and mass of callus (i.e., fresh weight and dry weight) from leaf explants of H. fomes.

Micronutrient Contents of Heritiera fomes Species at Three Saline Zones of the Sundarban Mangrove Forest, Bangladesh

Abstract: Micronutrient or essential heavy metals viz Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) distribution trend were studied at the age of 6, 9 and 30 months old Heritiera fomes seedlings at three distinct saline zones viz Chandpai (Oligohaline), Jungra (Mesohaline) and Munshiganj (Polyhaline) of the Sundarban mangrove forest Among the observed micronutrients, Fe content comparatively lower than Cu and Zn Relatively higher Cu was found in the root of 6 month age Heritiera fomes seedlings grown at the Chandpai (Oligohaline) zone but higher content of Zn was found in the both root and the shoot At the 9 month age, comparatively higher content of Cu was found in the root of the seedlings grown at the Jungra (Mesohaline) zone but in the shoot, comparatively higher Cu content was observed in the seedlings grown at the Munshiganj (Polyhaline) zone At the age of 30 months, Cu and Zn both contents found comparatively lower At the same age (30 months) Fe content was found relatively higher in the root and the shoot of H fomes seedlings grown at Chandpai saline (Oligohaline) zone but lower in 6-month-old seedlings At the older age seedlings may appear more metal tolerant/avoider than the younger age seedlings