Showing papers on "Holothuria published in 2007"
TL;DR: Findings strongly suggest that the gene expression profile varies among regeneration stages and provide evidence for the existence of differential gene expression.
Abstract: Repair and regeneration are key processes for tissue maintenance, and their disruption may lead to disease states. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underline the repair and regeneration of the digestive tract. The sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima represents an excellent model to dissect and characterize the molecular events during intestinal regeneration. To study the gene expression profile, cDNA libraries were constructed from normal, 3-day, and 7-day regenerating intestines of H. glaberrima. Clones were randomly sequenced and queried against the nonredundant protein database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information. RT-PCR analyses were made of several genes to determine their expression profile during intestinal regeneration. A total of 5,173 sequences from three cDNA libraries were obtained. About 46.2, 35.6, and 26.2% of the sequences for the normal, 3-days, and 7-days cDNA libraries, respectively, shared significant similarity with known sequences in the protein database of GenBank but only present 10% of similarity among them. Analysis of the libraries in terms of functional processes, protein domains, and most common sequences suggests that a differential expression profile is taking place during the regeneration process. Further examination of the expressed sequence tag dataset revealed that 12 putative genes are differentially expressed at significant level (R > 6). Experimental validation by RT-PCR analysis reveals that at least three genes (unknown C-4677-1, melanotransferrin, and centaurin) present a differential expression during regeneration. These findings strongly suggest that the gene expression profile varies among regeneration stages and provide evidence for the existence of differential gene expression.
52 citations
TL;DR: The two glycosides were found to exhibit in vitro cytotoxicities similar to or better than those of the potent anticancer drug etoposide against seven different human tumor cells, with IC50 values of 0.37–2.75 μg/ml.
Abstract: A new lanostane-type triterpene glycoside, impatienside A (1), was isolated from the sea cucumber Holothuria impatiens, together with a structurally related, known compound, bivittoside D (2). Their structures were elucidated by in-depth spectroscopic and mass-spectrometric methods, including (1)H-, (13)C-, and 2D-NMR, ESI-MS, and HR-ESI-MS experiments, as well as by chemical evidence. Compounds 1 and 2 possess the same hexasaccharide moieties, but differ slightly in their holostane-type triterpene aglycone. The two glycosides were found to exhibit in vitro cytotoxicities similar to or better than those of the potent anticancer drug etoposide (V-16) against seven different human tumor cells, with IC50 values of 0.37-2.75 microg/ml.
48 citations
TL;DR: This review will summarize the authors’ studies on the structure and the biological activities of the gangliosides from echinoderms, which were mainly neuritogenic activity.
Abstract: This review will summarize the authors’ studies on the structure and the biological activities of the gangliosides from echinoderms. Over 40 gangliosides have been obtained and characterized from 13 kinds of echinoderms, namely, Acanthaster planci, Asterina pectinifera, Asterias amurensis versicolor, Astropecten latespinosus, Luidia maculata, Linckia laevigata (starfish), Cucumaria echinata, Holothuria pervicax, H. leucospilota, Stichopus japonicus, S. chloronotus (sea cucumber), Comanthus japonica (feather star) and Ophiocoma scolopendrina (brittle star). The structural feature of the echinoderms gangliosides was their unique carbohydrate moieties. The biological property of the gangliosides from echinoderms, taking up in this review, was mainly neuritogenic activity.
38 citations
TL;DR: Two new triterpene glycosides, hillasides A and B, were isolated from the sea cucumber H. hilla Lesson together with one known glycoside holothuria B, and showed significant cytotoxicity against eight human tumour cell lines.
30 citations
TL;DR: In the hatchery, the juveniles attained an average size of 1, 30 and 48 on 20, 80 and 120 days respectively, and addition of Spirulina spp.
Abstract: The present study was conducted to develop the hatchery technology for seed production of the widely exploited commercial sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera Theel 1886, to facilitate an eiective stock enhancement programme. Broodstock collected by skin divers were used for spawning trials. The embryonic and larval stages were similar to other aspidochirotes. The larval survival rate was 43.5% on day 9, which decreased to 18.3% nearing metamorphosis on day 13, the growth rate was 48 m md ay � 1 and the settlement rate was 3.5%. Algamacs used to induce settlement also served as the food source for the early settled juveniles, followed by Sargassum spp. extract (o40 mm) for the ¢rst month. Sargassum spp. powder along with ¢ne sand (1:1) was given to juveniles420 mm. Addition of Spirulina spp. along with Sargassum spp. powder and ¢ne sand (0.5:1:2) enhanced the growth rate of the juveniles. In the hatchery, the juveniles attained an average size of 1, 30 and 48 on 20, 80 and 120 days respectively.
26 citations
TL;DR: Two aspidochirotid species, new to science, from the continental slope of southern Australia are described and a lectotype for Holothuria (Halodeima) signata Ludwig is designated.
Abstract: O’Loughlin, P. M., Paulay, G., VandenSpiegel D., and Samyn, Y. 2007. New Holothuria species from Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae), with comments on the origin of deep and cool holothuriids. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 64: 35–52. Two aspidochirotid species, new to science, from the continental slope of southern Australia are described: Holothuria (Panningothuria) austrinabassa O’Loughlin sp. nov. and Holothuria (Halodeima) nigralutea O’Loughlin sp. nov. The fi rst represents the southernmost documented holothuriid, and is the sister species of the northernmost holothuriid species Holothuria (Panningothuria) forskali Delle Chiaje. The second is a very recent offshoot of the wide-ranging Indowest Pacifi c Holothuria (Halodeima) edulis Lesson. Morphological and molecular genetic differences between these species pairs are detailed. Holothuria (Halodeima) signata Ludwig is raised out of synonymy with H. edulis.A lectotype for Holothuria (Halodeima) signata Ludwig is designated, The status of the subgenera Panningothuria Rowe and Halodeima Pearson is discussed. The occurrence of multiple madreporites in Halodeima is discussed.
25 citations
DOI•
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: Bioactive of sea cucumber, commonly known as holothurin, has drawn attention because of its wide spectrum of biological effects namely antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer or cytotoxic, haemolytic and anti-inflammation.
Abstract: Sea cucumber (Holothurians) is one of fisheries commodities which has a high economic value. Generally sea cucumber is traded in the dried form (beche-de-mer). Then these holothurians are consumed as dried gonads (konoko) or dried gut (konowata), either holothurians crispy. Bioactive of sea cucumber, commonly known as holothurin, has drawn attention because of its wide spectrum of biological effects namely antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer or cytotoxic, haemolytic and anti-inflammation. Keywords : anticancer, anti-inflammation, Holothuria, natural products, sea cucumber 1)Staf
5 citations
TL;DR: A new triterpene glycoside, hillaside C, was isolated from the sea cucumber Holothuria hilla Lesson, and its structure has been elucidated by spectral analysis (ESI-MS and NMR) and chemical transformations.
Abstract: A new triterpene glycoside, hillaside C (1), was isolated from the sea cucumber Holothuria hilla Lesson, which is found in the South China Sea, and its structure has been elucidated by spectral analysis (ESI-MS and NMR) and chemical transformations. Four known compounds, holothuria A, thymine, uracil, and cholesterol, were also obtained. Compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against eight human tumor cell lines (A-549, MCF-7, IA9, CAKI-1, PC-3, KB, KB-VIN, and HCT-8) with IC50 values in the range of 0.15-3.20 microg/ml.
4 citations
11 May 2007
TL;DR: Experiment on Holothuria atra provided evidence that asexual reproduction by fission was possible to be stimulated at laboratory and developing of new tentacles in posterior-end individuals and anal aperture in anterior- end individuals required 7-8 weeks after fission.
Abstract: Experiment on Holothuria atra provided evidence that asexual reproduction by fission was possible to be stimulated at laboratory. The success of the experiment was determined based on the high survival of stimulated individuals that grew into intact. After being tightened, induced individuals divided into anterior- and posteriorend individuals. During regenerating into intact individuals, the body weight decreased to relatively minimum weight. Developing of new tentacles in posterior-end individuals and anal aperture in anterior-end individuals required 7-8 weeks after fission. These indicators may lead to anatomical recovery which may be a sign of feeding necessity.
4 citations