Showing papers on "Honour published in 1997"

Empire of Honour: The Art of Government in the Roman World

Abstract: Jon Lendon offers a new interpretation of how the Roman empire worked in the first four centuries AD. A despotism rooted in force and fear enjoyed widespread support among the ruling classes of the provinces on the basis of an aristocratic culture of honour shared by rulers and ruled. The competitive Roman and Greek aristocrats of the empire conceived of their relative standing in terms of public esteem or honour, and conceived of their cities - towards which they felt a warm patriotism - as entities locked in a parallel struggle for primacy in honour over rivals. Emperors and provincial governors exploited these rivalries to gain the indispensable co-operation of local magnates by granting honours to individuals and their cities. Since rulers strove for honour as well, their subjects manipulated them with honours in their turn. Honour - whose workings are also traced in the Roman army - served as a way of talking and thinking about Roman government: it was both a species of power, and a way - connived in by rulers and ruled - of concealing the terrible realities of imperial rule.

The Invisible Code: Honor and Sentiment in Postrevolutionary France, 1814-1848

Abstract: Starting from the premise that private feelings cannot be contained or eliminated from public deliberation or action, this text embarks on an inquiry into the influence of honour on behaviour in 19th-century France. It considers how French society was goverend by a strict code of honour and that males in particular were vunerable to acute feelings of shame, while any other feelings referred to as "sentiment" were considered the special domain of women. Examining the realms of both marriage and the public sphere, the author uncovers the feelings of shame and self-esteem, fear and desire, that entered in an unperceived yet fundamental way into the sense of self that many elite men and women worked out in the course of their lives.

‘Adultery à-la-Mode’: Privilege, the Law and Attitudes to Adultery 1770–1809

Abstract: After a brief examination of the vices which were condemned as the constituent elements in an aristocratic code of licence, this article considers the complex public discussions of the duties of marriage and the relations between marriage, property and aristocratic privilege, and the attacks on adultery that took place in Britain between 1770 and 1809. In order to understand the nature of the public contentions that occurred over this issue, both parliamentary debates and reaction out-of-doors (in pamphlet and newspaper comments and in public debating society meetings as well as in courts of law) will be examined to see how, and with what unanimity, the attack on fashionable adultery took place. For, by the early nineteenth century, the campaign against both upper-class infidelity and its corrosive effects on law and property was systematically and powerfully articulated. Though unsuccessful in passing a parliamentary Act to curb this activity, the work of the campaigners itself heightened public awareness of and focused public antipathy towards the code of gallantry, the sexual equivalent of the code of honour, and the privileged morality of the higher orders.

Social Work and Blood Vengeance: The Bedouin-Arab Case

Abstract: The practice of blood vengeance, the obligation to kill in retribution for the death of a member of one's family or tribe, is illegal in most countries of the world; however, many traditional cultures still demand this form of maintaining honour. This paper outlines the cultural and historical contexts of the practice of blood vengeance among the Bedouin of the Negev of Israel. It considers the consequences for the targeted family and details the coping strategies adopted by the family, especially the children, under conditions of extreme social, emotional and economic deprivation. It discusses social work intervention, from initial contact to partial resolution; strategies of cultural sensitivity are also outlined.

A rational-actor perspective on the origin of liturgies in ancient Greece

Abstract: In the classical period, it was a duty and an honour for rich Athenians to perform liturgies - to provide services for the common good. Using a rational-actor perspective, it is shown that the origin of this practice may go back to 594 B.C., when Solomon introduced a property qualification for office. This reform gave the rich Athenians an incentive to signal their wealth by publicly visible spending and provided an important impetus to liturgical spending. Institutional change is seen here to occur as an interplay between formal and informal rules, between institutions and individual behaviour.

Culture and the commonplace : anthropological essays in honour of David Hammond-Tooke

Abstract: Inspired by the work of David Hammond-Tooke, the essays in this collection explore the inter-relationshi p of culture and practice in social life. '

The Ideology of the Eunuch Priest

Abstract: Roller explores the evidence for eunuch priests who castrated themselves to honour the Great Mother Goddess Cybele. While the custom of sacred eunuchism originated in Phrygia (in central Turkey), such priests are best attested in Greek and Roman society, where they were viewed with disgust and loathing because of their asexual condition and because they adopted the dress, hairstyles and mannerisms of women. The negative reactions to the eunuch priest rest on an unspoken assumption of the superiority of masculine appearance and of the inviolability of appropriate gender roles for men and women.

Mothers, Marraines, and Prostitutes: Morale and Morality in First World War France

Abstract: A novel describing French women on the eve of mobilization for the First World War, the popular French author Marcelle Tinayre remarked: 'Woman's patriotism is not of the same nature as that of man. It does not possess the brutality of an instinct or the austerity of an idea. It's a sentiment ... that does not know the bloody drunkenness of battle. The France of women is above all the hearth, the spouse, the child.'1 Here was a patriotism grounded not in the abstract love of country or in ideas of duty and honour, but in home and family life. While this statement expresses one set of powerful ideas about the proper role of women in wartime, it is but one end of a wide spectrum of cues given to women during the First World War. Within hours of the declaration of war in 1914, the president, Raymond Poincare, had called upon the French to forge a union sacree to put aside their individual differences to fortify the nation against its enemies. Although the most obvious emblem of the union sacree was the political alliance between anti-clerical Republicans and religious Catholics, the maintenance of the union sacree, as Jean-Jacques Becker suggests, required constant effort, even after France had been invaded and the northern part of the country had been occupied by Germany. Thus, careful attention was given to keeping up the morale not only of soldiers but also of civilians and non-combatants. In an oft-cited example of the attention focused on civilians, in 1915 the cartoonist Forain depicted two trench-bound soldiers, known colloquially as 'poilus': one says to the other 'let's hope they hold on,' and, when asked to whom he refers, answers 'the civilians'.2 Like workers and the religious, women were among the not fully

Scholar and sceptic : Australian Aboriginal studies in honour of L.R. Hiatt

Abstract: Celebrates the life and work of one of Australia's foremost anthropologists who sought to bring the study of Aboriginal societies to the academic world and the public.

The spirit of open adoption

Abstract: An outspoken and ardent advocate for openness in adoption, James Gritter writes of the need for members of the adoption triad to emphasize services that benefit adoptees first and foremost. Open adoption serves children first by reversing the traditional hierarchy - by treating adoptive families as resources for birth families. Adoptive parents, birthparents, and adoptees come together in a spirit of extended family that helps the participants overcome the fear, pain, shame, and loss of adoption with honour, respect, and reverence. Drawing on the profound insights of contemporary thinkers in the fields of adoption, theology, philosophy, and literature, Gritter guides the reader along a spiritual journey that explores the candor, commitment, community, and cooperation that defines successful open adoptions.

Synd och skam : ogifta mödrar på svensk landsbygd 1680–1880

Abstract: The situation of unmarried mothers in Swedish rural society during 1680–1880 is the subject of this thesis. It focuses on the judicial and religious discourse concerning extra-marital sexuality. The state felt duty-bound to control extra-marital sexuality, and this resulted in a dynamic legislative arena. An important objective has been to study the local consequences of legislative changes and examine how men, women and children were affected by them. Court records from Torna hundred in southernmost Sweden have provided the main source material. One can discern an older, orthodox perception of sexual morality in Swedish society during the Age of Greatness via legislation. The strict orthodox period was characterised by a manifest intolerance towards extra-marital sexual relationships. This, however, resulted in not only women but also men being held to account for their sexual conduct. As the majority of accused men in paternity cases were found guilty as charged, women could in most instances expect their economic support towards the child’s upbringing. In 54% of fornication cases there is an agreement to this effect noted in the court records. Orthodox sexual legislation was essentially swept away by Gustav III’s penal law reform, the so-called Infanticide Bill of 1778. This contained a number of clauses which, collectively, were designed to lessen the risk of infanticide in connection with extramarital births. In actual fact the bill made it possible to disrupt all existing judicial criteria, even if the older legislation was not abolished. Through the Infanticide Bill unmarried mothers were allowed anonymity when giving birth, and attending midwives were forbidden to enquire as to the father’s name, something that was earlier, on the contrary, specifically demanded of them. The bill gave courts clear directives to change attitudes towards sexual crimes. The later period’s milder view towards bastardy certainly liberated women from punitive sanctions meted out by the judiciary, but more were now faced by unwanted pregnancies and their consequences in the form of economic and social destitution. The testimony of women lost prestige at the same time that the court’s ambition to convict men lessened dramatically. Judging from this outcome, men were now less careful, realizing that they could escape both punishment and child-support obligations. There was a rapid development towards a situation where extra-marital children were fatherless, and women abandoned to the shameful situation of being single parents. It also seems likely that the new legal praxis gradually influenced popular attitudes towards sexuality. One hypothesis forwarded is that sexual control in Sweden throughout the period could be maintained because it conformed to collective notions of a relationship between women’s sexuality and their honour. This theory could explain why opinions on women’s extra-marital sexual relations continued to be so condemnatory even when such acts were de-criminalized. Analysis of defamation cases in Torna hundred demonstrates that a woman’s honour was primarily attacked by means of sexual imputations. 54% of these insults contained sexual taunts and the pattern appears to be gender-specific.

Trade, technology and economics : essays in honour of Richard G. Lipsey

Abstract: Part 1 The theory of the second best. Part 2 Macroeconomic issues. Part 3 Trade theory and policy. Part 4 Industrial organization. Part 5 Other perspectives.

Advancement in Organizational Behaviour: Essays in Honour of Derek S. Pugh

Abstract: Part 1 The Aston legacy. Part 2 The changing nature of organizations. Part 3 Organization and management worldwide. Part 4 The future of management research.

The human face of law : essays in honour of Donald Harris

Abstract: Prologue: Donald Harris and the Early Years of the Oxford Centre Law's Relationship with Social Science: The Interdependence of Theory, Empirical Work and Social Relevance in Socio-Legal Studies Profit and Virtue: Economic Theory and the Regulation of Occupational Health in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth century Britain Regulation after Command and Control Exemplary Damages and Economic Analysis Four Offers and a Trial: The Economics of Out-of-Court Settlements Professional Inattention: Origins and Consequences Knowing the Buzzwords and Clapping for Tinkerbell: The Context, Content and Qualities of Lawyers' Knowledge in a Specialised Industrial Field Creative Compliance and the Defeat of Legal Control: The Magic of the Orphan Subsidiary Doctrine and Practice in Commercial Law Property and Financial Adjustment after Divorce in the 1990s - Unfinished Business Judges, Politics, Politicians and the Confusing Role of the Judiciary

Loyola's Acts: The Rhetoric of the Self

Abstract: This revisionist review of Ignatius Loyola argues that his "autobiography" - until now taken to be a literal, documentary account - is in reality a work of rhetoric, a moral narrative that exploits the techniques of fiction. In radically reinterpreting this canonical text, the main source of information about the founder of the largest and most powerful religious order in Roman Catholicism, Boyle paints a vivid picture of Loyola's world. She surveys rhetorical and artistic theory, religious iconography, everyday custom, and an array of scenes and subjects: from curiosity, to codes of honour, to the holy places of Spain, the significance of apparitions and flying serpents. Written in the tradition of Renaissance studies on individualism, this work engages current interest in autobiography and the history of private life. The book also provides a heuristic for interpreting a range of texts of the Christian tradition. Finally, this secular treatment of a canonical saint provides insights into how a prestigious 16th-century figure like Loyola understood himself.

A vision for the Church : studies in early Christian ecclesiology in honour of J.P.M. Sweet

Abstract: What is the Church? Perhaps more importantly, what is it meant to be? How did ti's earliest members understand this body of which they had become a part? How did they envisage what it ought to be and might become? This collection of fifteen early essays by an international group of New Testament experts is made in honour of John Sweet. They bring together in one volume a dynamic range of perspectives on how the early Christians viewed the Church: its origin, purpose and relation to the Jewish Scriptures and to Jesus Christ; its place in the world and in God's plan; its community life and worship, both in theory and in practice. The concluding chapter draws together the various recurrent strands of early Christianity's relationship with Judaism. Concise and accesible, with reading lists for each chapter, the book covers every New Testament author and ranges in time from the Greek Old Testatment to the Apostolic Fathers. Markus Bockmuehl is University Lecturer in Divinity and Fellow and Tutor of Fiztwilliam Collge, Cambridge. Michael B. Thompson is Director of Studies and Lecturer in New Testament at Ridley Hall, Cambridge.

Lordship and the Landscape: A Documentary and Archaeological Study of the Honor of Dudley c. 1066-1322

Abstract: The author uses his evidence to discuss the nature of an Honour' and the degree to which the local aristocracy identified with this regional division. He considers how the landscape reflects the existence and nature of an aristocracy, asking How real and...extensive was seigneurial influence in the honour of Dudley?'

Rereading texts, rethinking critical presuppositions : essays in honour of H.M. Daleski

Abstract: Contents: From closed systems to open configurations - Interactions between text and context: ethical, social, ideological, political, psychoanalytic, and biographical dimensions of the text.

American Political History: Essays on the State of the Discipline

Abstract: In 1995 more than 100 historians gathered at the University of Notre Dame for a conference convened to honour the American historian Vincent P. De Santis. This collection of essays from the conference aims to describe and define the state of political history at the end of the 20th century.

"Las leyes del honor". Honor y estratificación social en el distrito de la Audiencia de Quito (siglo XVIII)

Abstract: The present article studies the nature and junction of the concept of «honour» in the district of the audiencia of Quito during the 18th century. It analizes a broad selection of documents, for the most part of judicial origin. Honour is presented basically as a concept of social distinction and exclusion, employed by the higher strata of the different local societies. The honour discourse reflects social identities which go beyond purely economic features and shows in this way caracteristics which are typical for societies of the Old Regime.