Showing papers on "Honour published in 2000"

Kinship and Continuity: Pakistani Families in Britain

Abstract: From Pakistan to Britain the process of settlement households and family relationships the idiom of caste Biradari solidarity and cousin marriage honour and shame - gender and generation health, illness and the reproduction of the Biradari taking and giving - domestic rituals and female networks public faces - leadership, religion and political mobilization.

Female adolescents and their sexuality: notions of honour, shame, purity and pollution during the floods.

Abstract: This paper explores the experiences of female adolescents during the 1998 floods in Bangladesh, focusing on the implications of socio-cultural norms related to notions of honour, shame, purity and pollution. These cultural notions are reinforced with greater emphasis as girls enter their adolescence, regulating their sexuality and gender relationships. In Bangladeshi society, adolescent girls are expected to maintain their virginity until marriage. Contact is limited to one's family and extended relations. Particularly among poorer families, adolescent girls tend to have limited mobility to safeguard their 'purity'. This is to ensure that the girl's reputation does not suffer, thus making it difficult for the girl to get married. For female adolescents in Bangladesh, a disaster situation is a uniquely vulnerable time. Exposure to the unfamiliar environment of flood shelters and relief camps, and unable to maintain their 'space' and privacy from male strangers, a number of the girls were vulnerable to sexual and mental harassment. With the floods, it became difficult for most of the girls to be appropriately 'secluded'. Many were unable to sleep, bathe or get access to latrines in privacy because so many houses and latrines were under the water. Some of the girls who had begun menstruation were distressed at not being able to keep themselves clean. Strong social taboos associated with menstruation and the dirty water that surrounded them made it difficult for the girls to wash their menstrual cloths or change them frequently enough. Many of them became separated from their social network of relations, which caused them a great deal of anxiety and stress. Their difficulty in trying to follow social norms have had far-reaching implications on their health, identity, family and community relations.

In Defense of Honor: Sexual Morality, Modernity, and Nation in Early-Twentieth-Century Brazil

Abstract: In this book, Sueann Caulfield explores the changing meanings of honour in early-twentieth-century Brazil, a period that saw an extraordinary proliferation of public debates that linked morality, modernity, honour, and national progress With a close examination of legal theory on sexual offences and case law in Rio de Janeiro from the end of World War I to the early years of the Estado Novo dictatorship, Caulfield reveals how everyday interpretations of honour influenced official attitudes and even the law itself as Brazil attempted to modernise While some Brazilian elites used the issue of sexual purity to boast of their country's moral superiority, others claimed that the veneration of such concepts as virginity actually frustrated efforts at modernisationMoreover, although individuals of all social classes invoked values they considered traditional such as the confinement of women's sexuality within marriage, these values were at odds with social practices - such as premarital sex, cohabitation, divorce, and female-headed households - that had been common throughout Brazil's history The persistence of these practices, together with post-World War I changes in both official and popular moral ideals, presented formidable obstacles to the Estado Novo's renewed drive to define and enforce public morality and private family values in the late 1930s With sophisticated theoretical underpinnings, "In Defense of Honor" is written in a clear and lively manner, making it accessible to students and scholars in a variety of disciplines, including Brazilian and Latin American studies, gender studies, and legal history

Patron-client ties among the Bugis and Makassarese of South Sulawesi

Abstract: In this article I do not intend to discuss the theoretical concept of patron client relationships.1 Its primary aim is to contribute to a better understand ing of how such ties have operated and continue to do so in Bugis and Makassarese communities. Much research has already been conducted, and, of course, more still needs to be done on the social rules upon which those societies are based, especially those concerned with the system of social hier archy, as well as with kinship and marriage. Likewise, much has been pub lished on such focal cultural concepts as siriq (honour/shame), rapang, pess? (and its Makassarese analogue pacc?, 'compassion'), and others, to which local inhabitants usually refer in orienting and justifying their social conduct, although not always consciously following them. Such concepts have been widely elaborated in the lore of the lontaraq (manuscripts) including such renowned works as the La Toa (Mattulada 1985), as well as in orally trans mitted precepts and aphorisms that are invoked time and again on such pub lic occasions as weddings and formerly at the installations of princes. However though, ethnographic research concerning how social life is con ducted in these societies, especially at the local level, is still needed. What I mean here by 'ethnographic research' is field research conducted by some body, who, while still having a deep knowledge of local traditions, history, and contemporary conditions, can, nevertheless, cast a detached and almost estranged look on the society under study Such a researcher should be able

Preaching Peace in Renaissance Italy: Bernardino of Siena and His Audience

Abstract: Bernardino of Siena (1380-1444) was one of the major religious figures of the 15th century. His charismatic preaching filled the "piazze" of Italian cities, as thousands of listeners flocked to hear him and to participate in dramatic rituals, which included collective weeping, bonfires of vanities, and excorcisms. He was also a renowned peacemaker, in the Franciscan tradition, who tried to calm feuding clans and factions in the turbulent political world of the Renaissance. His preaching visits would often culminate in mass reconciliation, as listeners were persuaded to exchange the "bacio di pace", or kiss of peace. This study discusses both the external forms of peacemaking and the underlying cultural assumptions that made forgiveness so difficult. Bernardino was sensitive to the demands of secular life and tried to negotiate between Christian ethics and a conflicting code of honour that stressed retaining face in a public world. He argued that the catalyst of civil discord in the urban setting was malicious gossip, which led to insults, and, too often, vendetta by aggressive males. His surprising allies in his peacekeeping mission were the women who comprised the majority of his audience. Because many of Bernardino's remarkable sermons were recorded as he preached, they provide a nuanced picture of the relationship between preacher and audience, and the dynamics of conversion. Students of mediaeval preaching, Renaissance society and popular devotion should be interested in the issues raised by this study of one of the greatest preachers in Western Catholicism.

Well-Being and Morality: Essays in Honour of James Griffin

Abstract: Does human well-being consist in pleasure, the satisfaction of desires, or some set of goods such as knowledge, friendship, and accomplishment? Does being moral contribute to well-being, and is there a conflict between people's self-interest and the moral demands on them? Are the values of well-being and of morality measurable? Are such values objective? What is the relation between such values and the natural world? And how much can philosophical theory help us in our answers to these and similar questions? Issues such as these provide the focus for much of the work of James Griffin, White's Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford, in whose honour Well-Being and Morality has been prepared. They are also among the main topics of these fourteen new essays by an international array of leading philosophers. Professor Griffin himself provides a further discussion of central themes in his thought, specially written in response to contributions to this volume.

"Mony Choaks": The Quaker Critique of the Seventeenth-Century Public Sphere

Abstract: By comparison with the Diggers, who are credited with nothing less than the genesis of a new political ideology in their call for the abolition of private property, the Quakers have received scant attention from intellectual historians of the English Revolution. In his magisterial account of radical ideas in the English Revolution, The World Turned UpsideDown (1972), Christopher Hill places Quakers in a pantheon including Levellers and Diggers. Yet the Quakers fare less well than these other radical groups in Hill's account, and his largely negative assessment of their contributions to radical thought has exercised an inordinate influence over subsequent treatments of the Quaker movement. Hill claims that the Quaker leader George Fox provided no "great theological novelty" or "original ideas." Hill praises Fox primarily as a stylist, who in The Lambs Officer (1659) produced "an extremely powerful Joycean monologue of denunciation, repetitive, almost liturgical, circling around one or two recurrent phrases." Hill speculates that the early Quakers provoked "rage" for such eccentric practices as "their refusal of hat honour, their 'thouing.' "1 Remarkably, in a historical field characterized by vituperative debate-that of the history of the English Revolution (the very phrase 'English Revolution' is, of course, a subject of debate)--Hill's assessment of the early Quaker movement has remained largely unchallenged in the nearly three decades since it was published. Yet Hill's view of Quaker writing as largely without

The Door in the Dream: Conversations with Eminent Women in Science

Abstract: A collection of personal stories of the few women scientists who have achieved the honour of election to the prestigious National Academy of Sciences. Including several Nobel laureates, the career profiles and personal interviews have much to say to those struggling to overcome obstacles. From their passionate love of research to their struggle to balance the demands of home and career, the women share a great deal. At the same time, the portraits offer different insights about how being female has affected their careers. Among the eminent women interviewed are: Mary Ellen Avery; May R. Berenbaum; Mary K. Gaillard; Margaret Kidwell; Judith P. Klinman; Nancy Kopell; Marian Koshland; Jane Lubchenco; Pamela Matson; Cathleen Morawetz; Myriam Sarachik; Joan Steitz; and Susan Taylor.

The Strozzi of Florence: Widowhood and Family Solidarity in the Renaissance

Abstract: Set in the context of other documentary evidence and of modern historical and anthropological studies, this text illuminates the role of women, kinship, solidarity, honour and profit. The letters provide nuanced insights into values and practices.'

Supreme but not infallible : essays in honour of the Supreme Court of India

Abstract: This volume commemorates and reflects on the fifty years of the Indian Supreme Court. It includes essays by eminent jurists, legal academics, and journalists who evaluate the workings of this highly esteemed institution.

The Shaping of Southern Culture: Honor, Grace, and War, 1760s-1890s

Abstract: Extending his investigation into the ethical life of the white American south beyond "Southern Honour" (1982), Bertram Wyatt-Brown explores three major themes: the political aspects of the South's code of honour, the increasing prominence of Protestant faith in white southerners' lives, and the devastating impact of war, defeat, and an angry loss of confidence during the post-Civil War era. This study first demonstrates the psychological complexity of race relations, drawing provocative comparisons between American slave oppression and the Nazi concentration camp experience. The author then reveals how the rhetoric and rituals of honour affected the revolutionary generation, and through a study of Andrew Jackson duelling and other demonstrations of manhood, how American politicians won or lost popularity. In perhaps the most subtle and intriguing section of the book, he discloses the interconnections of honour and religious belief and practice. Finally exploring the effects of war and defeat on former confederates, Wyatt-Brown proposes that the rise in violent racism following the Civil War had significant links to the shame of military defeat and the spurious invocation of religious convictions.

The Perils of Community: Reason and Unreason in Nationalist Ideology

Abstract: It is a great honour to have been invited by the Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism to give this Ernest Gellner lecture. Ernest Gellner was for some years a colleague here at LSE, but he had been an intellectual hero of mine ever since, in the midst of an undergraduate philosophy course in the mid-1960s, I read Words and Things. His contribution, in substance as in style, was unique. He did not put up with cant, he was provocative in judgement, transgressive in regard to disciplinary boundaries. In so doing he inspired many younger writers. They do not, as they say, make people like that any more.

Competition and Structure

Abstract: The essays in this volume, written by well-known economists and other social scientists from North America, Europe and Australia, share to an unusual degree a common concern with the competitive mechanisms that underlie collective decisions and with the way they are embedded in institutional settings. This gives the book a unitary inspiration whose value is clear from the understanding and insights its chapters provide on important theoretical and practical issues such as the social dimension and impact of trust, the management of information in bureaucratic settings, the role of political parties in constitutional evolution, inter-level rivalry and reassignments of powers in federal and unitary systems of government, the impact of ethnicity and nationalism on federal institutions or arrangements, and the response of governments and overarching institutions of globalization. The essays were written in honour of Albert Breton, a pioneer in this field of investigation.

Europe and Beyond

Abstract: The first day of May is earmarked in the calendar as May Day, ‘as a festival with dancing, or as an international holiday in honour of workers’.1 Indeed, it is otherwise known as ‘Labour Day’, being ‘celebrated in honour of working people’.2 As chance would have it, 1 May 1997 turned out to be a particularly notable day in the history of the Labour Party in Britain: the Labour Party […] received only 34 per cent of the vote in the general election of 1992. Tony Blair, who became leader in 1994, supported private enterprise and promoted many reforms in the party, finally abandoning the ideological [trade] union-led principles of ‘Old Labour’ under a more popular and pragmatic manifesto which gave Labour a landslide victory in the [1 May] 1997 [general] election. Once in power ‘New Labour’, with an overwhelming majority [in the House of Commons], set about [among other things] providing a more positive approach to the [UK‘s] participation in the European Union. (Isaacs, 1998, p. 783)

Sluggish economics affect health of Japanese 'business warriors'.

Abstract: Health among the Japanese people has been faltering since the ‘ bubble’ economy burst in the early 1990s. The consequences of the recession are now visible. A middle-aged man committed hara-kiri, a ritual form of suicide often committed in the name of honour. In the past, samurai were willing to

The challenges of uncertainty : an introduction to seventeenth-century Spanish literature

Abstract: An introduction to Spanish Baroque literature and culture, this text considers works by major Spanish novelists, dramatists, poets and painters. It covers issues such as honour and identity, the influence of the court, social and literary institutions, and the place of women in cultural life.

Alva Myrdal: Making the Private Public

Abstract: Alva Myrdal (1902-86), the Swedish feminist social scientist, is shown here to be a sociologist of honour. Her contribution to sociology is that she analysed the women's perspective of the societal division of labour, and made that private sector an important issue on the public political agenda. If women were to come out as citizens men must play their part in the care work of society and institutions had to be reorganized to accommodate women, men and children. She therefore studied family sociology, sexual politics, education and child care. She also researched peace and conflicts. Her main books are The Crisis in the Population Question (in Swedish with G. Myrdal 1934), Nation and Family (1941), Women s Two Roles (with V. Klein 1956) and The Game of

Judaism and Islam : boundaries, communication and interaction : essays in honor of William M. Brinner

Abstract: Several years ago an international conference was held at the University of California to honour Professor William Brinner, whose personal scholarship throughout the years has focused on both the Jewish and Muslim historical, cultural, and intellectual experiences. This volume, which consists of the works of many of the conference participants, is a collection of essays that deal with the interaction of Judaism and Islam over history from different perspectives. The book is divided into nine parts: introduction, overview, Jewish-Muslim interaction in medieval times, Jewish-Muslim interaction in modern times, Bible and Qur'an, law, philosophy and ethics, sectarian communities, and language, linguistics and literature. As a resolution the Arab-Israeli conflict slowly edges forward, we believe that this publication will serve the purposes of both serious scholarship and better cultural understanding.