Showing papers on "Impulse generator published in 1971"
01 Apr 1971
TL;DR: In this article, the salient properties of 4-m spark created by impulse breakdown between a negative rod and a grounded plane by the Westinghouse Trafford 6.4 MV impulse generator are compared with those properties of natural lightning.
Abstract: Long laboratory sparks are often considered to be miniature lightning. The salient properties of 4-m sparks created by impulse breakdown between a negative rod and a grounded plane by the Westinghouse Trafford 6.4 MV impulse generator are compared with those properties of natural lightning. In particular, a comparison is made of the luminous processes associated with breakdown, the current, voltage, power, and energy inputs to the discharges, the radiated visible spectra, the temperature, electron density, and pressure in the discharge channels, the absolute broad-band radiation in the visible and near infrared wavelength range, and the radiated acoustic signals. The spark return stroke most resembles a weak subsequent stroke in a multiple stroke lightning flash. The leader processes of the spark differ considerably from those of lightning.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an impulse generator circuit of n stages with the overvoltage behaviour of the spark gap is considered. But the circuit is not considered in this paper, as it is not suitable for the measurement of the impulse voltage.
Abstract: The calculation of electromagnetic transients is applied to an impulse generator circuit of n stages with the overvoltage behaviour of the spark-gaps taken into account. Measurements of the impulse voltage by a damped-capacitive divider and of the subsequent firing of the sphere gaps by streak photography with an image converter camera illustrate good agreement between equivalent model and actual circuit.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it is demonstrated that an impulse circuit has an internal impedance different from zero, for which reason the interaction between the generator and the measuring circuit is of paramount importance to the voltage across the test object.
Abstract: After some basic considerations the dynamic properties of the measuring system are subjected to a general examination based on a number of responses, characteristic of the system. It is demonstrated that an impulse circuit has an internal impedance different from zero, for which reason the interaction between the generator and the measuring circuit is of paramount importance to the voltage across the test object. Based on the measured values the determination of the applied voltage is considered.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the amplitude measurement of the frequency components and the impulse generator repetition frequency are used to calibrate wide-band interference sources in the field of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), which is more accurate than existing techniques, such as that presented in Military Standard 462.
Abstract: Impulse generators capable of producing high voltage and narrow-width pulses are becoming increasingly useful as calibrated wide-band interference sources in the field of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). These generators produce a discrete spectrum having essentially a (sin x)/x envelope and may have a 3-dB bandwidth exceeding 1 GHz. However, spectral density calibration of these generators can become exceedingly involved and is usually subject to error. Frequently, one source of error is the inability of some calibrating instruments to respond to wide-band signals in the same manner as single-frequency signals. A new technique of impulse generator calibration is described, based solely on the amplitude measurement of the frequency components and impulse generator repetition frequency. The method is simple and straightforward and is inherently more accurate than existing techniques, such as that presented in Military Standard 462. It should be regarded as a potential replacement for the present calibration technique currently serving the EMC community.
4 citations
01 Dec 1971
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the impulse waveshapes, gas pressure p and polarity on the breakdown voltage vs of a sphere-plane gap in compressed air and nitrogen was investigated.
Abstract: Investication were made into the influence of the impulse waveshapes, gas pressure p and polarity on the breakdown voltage vs of a sphere-plane gap in compressed air and nitrogen. The pressure was varied from 01bf/in2 gauge to 150lbf/in2gauge, the gap spacings from 6.35mm to 102mm and the risetimes of the impulse voltages from 2.1?s to 189?s. For an impulse voltage of either polarity, certain gap lengths exhibited a certical-pressure effect, and the gap lengths and pressure at which this effect was observed depended on the risetimes of the impulse voltage. Observations of the dependence of vs on the risetime showed that vs decreased with increasing risetimes, for risetimes of 16?s or 40?s, beyond which it increased again to reach a maximum at risetimes of the orter of 100?s. For risetimes longer than 100?s, vs again decrased with increasing risetime. This behaviour was similar for both nitrogen and air. Possible mechanisms are suggested to explain this behaviour.
2 citations
TL;DR: The paper seeks to show the applicability of relaxation method in solving a vector differential equation that can be developed in an impulse generator circuit using a capacitance resistance type impulse generator.
Abstract: The paper seeks to show the applicability of relaxation method in solving a vector differential equation that can be developed in an impulse generator circuit. A capacitance resistance type impulse generator has been taken for illustration and the waveform of the impulse voltage has been determined and shown graphically.