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Showing papers on "IP Multimedia Subsystem published in 2012"


Patent
22 Mar 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a location-based service and method was proposed to provide recovery assistance for a misplaced or stolen mobile device, which is configured to locate (recover) high value mobile devices using location, presence and other IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) based telecommunications network assets.
Abstract: A location based service and method configured to provide recovery assistance for a misplaced or stolen mobile device. The location based system and method is configured to locate (recover) high value mobile devices using location, presence and other IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) based telecommunications network assets. The method includes leveraging location dips performed for other services to drive a recovery process for a mobile device to thereby reduce resource overhead on a location platform; locating the mobile device using the location dips performed for other services; and sending a notification to a subscriber of the location of the mobile device for recovery of the mobile device.

86 citations


Patent
30 Mar 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a call session control function (CSCF) unit may receive from a user a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) message, which may be transmitted via a communication terminal, identifying particular media content on a particular content server, and in response the CSCF unit may transmit a second message to a particular application server if the SIP message is associated with the application server. Submitting content requests in this manner may enable routing content requests through an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) thereby making use of filtering features of the IMS for user authentication
Abstract: A Call Session Control Function (CSCF) unit may receive from a user a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) message, which may be transmitted via a communication terminal, identifying particular media content on a particular content server, and in response the CSCF unit may transmit a second message to a particular application server (SIP-AS) if the CSCF unit determines that the SIP message is associated with the application server. The application server may generate and transmit to the communication terminal accessing information that may be used by the user to retrieve, via the communication terminal, the media content from the content server. Submitting content requests in this manner may enable routing content requests through an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), thereby making use of filtering features of the IMS for user authentication and access control, and obviating need for separate proprietary access control mechanisms for the content server.

35 citations


Patent
21 Mar 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the disclosed register method for CS user by IP multimedia subsystem comprises: a once detecting the relative CS register affair, the RPF selects to query and call the I-CSCF, and sends REGISTER message for SIP signaling; b the latter receives register message, and queries the CS assigned user register state to HSS.
Abstract: The disclosed register method for CS user by IP multimedia subsystem comprises: a once detecting the relative CS register affair, the RPF selects to query and call the I-CSCF, and sends REGISTER message for SIP signaling; b the latter receives REGISTER message, and queries the CS assigned user register state to HSS; c the latter generates the temporary data of the CS assigned user in IMS network, and returns the capacity of S-CSCF to the I-CSCF; and d the latter selects proper S-CSCF according to the capacity message to transmit the REGISTER message, the S-CSCF transmits the request to HSS to register in IMS network, and the CRPF completes the CS register

34 citations


Patent
09 May 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an open contact center formed from multiple contact center components that conform to open standards and that intercommunicate utilizing open standards, which can provide automated interactive communications with callers, can provide queue management for callers waiting to communicate with live agents, and can provide skills based routing for assigning live agents to callers based upon skills of the live agents and skills needed by the callers.
Abstract: The present invention discloses an open contact center formed from multiple contact center components that conform to open standards and that intercommunicate utilizing open standards. The open contact center can provide automated interactive communications with callers, can provide queue management for callers waiting to communicate with live agents, can provide skills based routing for assigning live agents to callers based upon skills of the live agents and skills needed by the callers, and can provide tooling for provisioning and monitoring the live agents. In one configuration, the contact center components can execute within a middleware solution, such as WEBSPHERE, that has IP Multimedia Subsystem capability. Additionally, the contact center components can be implemented as service oriented architecture (SOA) components that communicate over an enterprise service bus (ESB).

30 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
06 Aug 2012-Info
TL;DR: Are users really willing to adopt rich communication services and, if so, do issues like reliability, privacy and security impact their decision?
Abstract: Purpose – Fearing that their voice and SMS business will be substituted by IP‐based services from internet companies, mobile operators are developing various IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) based technologies to enable richer communication services. They reason that since the new rich communication services – such as enhanced presence, group communication and seamless switching between devices and media types within the same communication session – provide secure and more reliable services than those offered by internet companies – Skype, Whatsapp and Google+, for instance – consumers will readily appreciate their services and consequently use them. This paper seeks to address these issues.Design/methodology/approach – To validate these claims, this study analyzes the results of a conjoint survey among 82 respondents in The Netherlands, France and Spain. Are users really willing to adopt these rich communication services and, if so, do issues like reliability, privacy and security impact their decision?Find...

29 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: From the simulation it is inferred that tight coupling with gateway relocation is performing better from handover point of view, and two mechanisms such as neighbour bandwidth reservation and gateway relocation are employed.
Abstract: In wireless communication new technologies emerges regularly with faster data rates and larger coverage area. Therefore the forthcoming challenge is to make the best possible use of the available heterogeneous network. For connecting mobile between heterogeneous networks vertical handoff is mandatory. IP Multimedia Subsystem is an emerging architecture for interworking of heterogeneous networks. In this paper we used WLAN/WiMAX/LTE heterogeneous networks. Coupling architectures such as tight coupling and loose coupling are considered. In order to reduce the latency two mechanisms such as neighbour bandwidth reservation and gateway relocation are employed. The parameters such as vertical handoff delay, Mobile scanning interval activity, neighbouring advertisement received are obtained. From the simulation it is inferred that tight coupling with gateway relocation is performing better from handover point of view.

27 citations


01 Feb 2012
TL;DR: MIKEY- SAKKE has a number of desirable features, including simplex transmission, scalability, low-latency call setup, support for Lawful Interception (LI) and support for secure deferred delivery.
Abstract: This document describes MIKEY-SAKKE, a method of key exchange designed for use in IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) [3GPP.33.328] Media Plane Security, but with potential for wider applicability. The MIKEY-SAKKE mode uses Identifier-based Public Key Cryptography (IDPKC) to establish a shared secret value and certificate-less signatures to provide source authentication. MIKEY-SAKKE has a number of desirable features, including simplex transmission, scalability, low-latency call setup, support for Lawful Interception (LI) and support for secure deferred delivery.

23 citations


Patent
03 Feb 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, a system and method to determine a type of wireless network that is to be used for an emergency communication session that is initiated at a mobile device is presented, where a Session Initiation Protocol header is modified to introduce an emergency call mode preference (ECMP) field into the header.
Abstract: A system and method to determine a type of wireless network that is to be used for an emergency communication session that is initiated at a mobile device. A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) header is modified to introduce an emergency call mode preference (ECMP) field into the header. When a mobile device registers a session with an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), the ECMP field is populated by the service provider with information that conveys the preferred network to use when an emergency communication session is initiated by a user of the mobile device. In the event of a subsequent request to start an emergency communication session using the mobile device, the mobile device utilizes the preferred network to establish communication.

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A lightweight, robust, and architecture-compatible IMS authentication protocol that implements a one-pass IMS procedure by promoting efficient key re-use for a mobile user is presented and a reduction in user authentication delay is revealed.
Abstract: IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) introduces important advantages for users of LTE-femtocell heterogeneous access networks. In order to access services hosted in the IMS layer, the user has to undergo authentication procedure with the access network, followed by an authentication procedure with the IMS layer. This multi-pass authentication procedure is essential for securing IMS from malicious users, resulting in added overhead and possible quality of service degradations. The problem is further compounded when the user moves from one femtocell domain into another, which requires the authentication procedure to be repeated. To mitigate this problem, we present a lightweight, robust, and architecture-compatible IMS authentication protocol that implements a one-pass IMS procedure by promoting efficient key re-use for a mobile user. We make use of Home Node B femtocells to perform the role of IMS proxy. To verify the feasibility of using our protocol in mobile networks, an abstract model of our protocol is derived. The abstract model is emulated using Asterisk server and virtualization techniques. We also analyze the authentication delay of our proposed scheme. Numerical results reveal a reduction in user authentication delay of more than 50 percent compared to the existing authentication procedure.

22 citations


Patent
11 Oct 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a method for optimization of IP traffic between a user having access to an IP network via an IP Connectivity Access Network, and an IP connection endpoint in said IP network, for an application allowing a choice in the IP Connection Endpoint, is presented.
Abstract: In an embodiment, there is provided a method for optimization of IP traffic between a User Equipment having access to an IP network via an IP Connectivity Access Network, and an IP connection endpoint in said IP network, for an application allowing a choice in said IP connection endpoint, said method comprising at least one step based on a selection of an IP connection endpoint according to end-to-end IP traffic optimization criteria.

20 citations


Patent
21 May 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a method for restoring connectivity between a node in an IP Multimedia Subsystem, IMS, network, and a UE is presented, where the UE is associated with a Proxy Call Session Control Function node, P-CSCF, of said IMS network, with at least one control node of a packet access network, through which the UE connects to the IMS.
Abstract: A method for restoring connectivity between a node in an IP Multimedia Subsystem, IMS, network, and a User Equipment, UE. The UE is associated with a Proxy Call Session Control Function node, P-CSCF, of said IMS network, and with at least one control node of a packet access network, through which the UE connects to the IMS network. The method allows for restoring the connectivity of the UE to an IMS network node after said IMS node has failed to establish a communication to said UE via said P-CSCF node.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The article addresses integration problems and describing a practical design experience derived from the development of a socio-technical aware support for the management of mobile services based on the widely diffused and interoperable IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) session control platform.
Abstract: The ever-increasing people demand for mobile communications has widely been satisfied by novel socially-enabled services and communication styles, starting from the advent of instant messaging to Voice over IP (VoIP), from Web 2.0 to social networks, and beyond. Most people agree that now the new challenge is to explore the potential of that immense information and service deposit already collected, ever-increasing, and easy-to-access to promote a socially-aware recommendation and to foster a more efficient delivery of mobile services. The article addresses the above issues, still unexplored in literature, by focusing on integration problems and describing a practical design experience derived from the development of a socio-technical aware support for the management of mobile services based on the widely diffused and interoperable IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) session control platform. Our proposal is organized along three main original technical guidelines: an innovative support to monitor and describe via social, physical, and computation information the sociotechnical context where services and user interact; a recommendation system to automate and facilitate dynamic selection of the mobile services most suitable from both final user and operator perspectives; and a new IMS-based management platform to ease the composition of existing IMS mobile services and the monitoring and control of their usage at runtime. We believe that we contribute with a first step to the understanding of how full awareness of socio and technical information allows improving overall Quality of Experience (QoE) for the final users.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An original solution to opportunistically use client devices, that roam in geographically sparse environments (such as a smart city), as WSN data harvesters as well as compliant with standards and thus easily deployable, can significantly increase sensor battery lifetime with minimum impact on the freshness of harvested data.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel heterogeneous bandwidth sharing (HBS) scheme for QoS provision under IMS‐based NEMO (IMS‐NEMO) and demonstrates that the HBS can satisfy users' QoS requirement and obtain a more efficient use of the scarce wireless bandwidth.
Abstract: The network mobility (NEMO) is proposed to support the mobility management when users move as a whole. In IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), the individual Quality of Service (QoS) control for NEMO results in excessive signaling cost. On the other hand, current QoS schemes have two drawbacks: unawareness of the heterogeneous wireless environment and inefficient utilization of the reserved bandwidth. To solve these problems, we present a novel heterogeneous bandwidth sharing (HBS) scheme for QoS provision under IMS-based NEMO (IMS-NEMO). The HBS scheme selects the most suitable access network for each session and enables the new coming non-real-time sessions to share bandwidth with the Variable Bit Rate (VBR) coded media flows. The modeling and simulation results demonstrate that the HBS can satisfy users' QoS requirement and obtain a more efficient use of the scarce wireless bandwidth. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Patent
Ozgur Oyman1
13 Sep 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, a method of media repair in an IMS-based network is described, which includes communicating with IMS network using SIP to setup a download session with a BMSC over a MBMS bearer.
Abstract: Disclosed in some examples is a method of media repair in an IMS based network, the method includes communicating with an IMS network using SIP to setup a download session with a BMSC over a MBMS bearer; responsive to determining that one or more received encoding symbols of media downloaded using the established MBMS bearer cannot be decoded: requesting a file repair procedure from the IMS network component using a SIP re-invite request, the SIP re-invite request including an address of an HTTP repair server indicated by the IMS network component during the MBMS bearer setup; responsive to receiving a SIP acknowledgement indicating that the request was successful, requesting an HTTP connection with the HTTP server to re-download the one or more encoding symbols of the media that could not be decoded; and receiving the one or more encoding symbols from the HTTP server.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
04 Jan 2012
TL;DR: While users are most interested in "presence" features of rich communication services, they hardly appreciate other services like "switching devices", "media during communication sessions", "file sharing" and "group communication".
Abstract: To enable rich communication services, mobile operators are developing various IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)-based technologies for they fear that their present voice and SMS business will soon be substituted by newer IP-based services from Internet companies. They reason that since the new rich communication services -- such as enhanced presence, group communication and seamless switching between devices and media types within the same communication session -- provide secure and more reliable services than those offered by Internet companies --Skype, What Sapp and Google, for instance-- consumers will readily appreciate their values and consequently use them. To validate these claims, this paper analyzes the results of a conjoint survey among 82 respondents in Netherlands, France and Spain, examines if users are really willing to adopt these rich communication services and, if so, whether or not issues like reliability and security impact their decision to do so. Results indicate that while users are most interested in "presence" features of rich communication services, they hardly appreciate other services like "switching devices" and "media during communication sessions", "file sharing" and "group communication". Still, for any of these services, reliability, security and interoperability are valued as important requirements. These findings contribute to theoretical debate on platform competition.

Patent
Fredrik Lindholm1, Afshin Abtin1
14 Mar 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a handover protocol for an emergency call that is routed over an IP Multimedia Subsystem, IMS, network, where the emergency call is first transferred from an access in a first region served by a first Mobility Management Entity, MME, to a second region served as a second MME.
Abstract: A method performs a Single Radio Voice Call Continuity, SRVCC, Packet Switched, PS, to Circuit Switched, CS, handover of an emergency call that is routed over an IP Multimedia Subsystem, IMS, network. The emergency call is first transferred from an access in a first region served by a first Mobility Management Entity, MME, to a second region served by a second MME. The method includes sending a first handover request from the first MME to the second MME to transfer the call to the second region. The first handover request includes an Emergency Session Transfer Number for SRVCC, E-STN-SR, identifying an Emergency Access Transfer Function, EATF, in the first region. A second handover request for handover to a CS access is sent to a target Mobile Switching Centre, MSC, and includes the E-STN-SR. The emergency call is handed over to the CS access using the E-STN-SR to route the call via the EATF in the first region.

Patent
13 Dec 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a method for connecting a communications device to an Internet Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) network, which includes transmitting presence information indicating multimedia capabilities of the communications device and requesting multimedia content from a multimedia server to cause the server to transmit multimedia content.
Abstract: A method includes connecting a communications device to an Internet Multimedia Subsystem network. The method includes transmitting presence information indicating multimedia capabilities of the communications device and requesting multimedia content from a multimedia server to cause the multimedia server to transmit multimedia content. The method includes detecting connection of a peripheral device to the communications device and determining that the multimedia capabilities have increased due to the connection of the peripheral device. The method includes updating the presence information to indicate the increased multimedia capabilities and transmitting the updated presence information to cause the multimedia server to transmit the multimedia content adjusted for the increased multimedia capabilities indicated in the updated presence information. The method includes receiving the multimedia content adjusted for the increased multimedia capabilities and presenting at least some of the adjusted multimedia content on the peripheral device.

Patent
20 Jun 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for the support of IP connections for a UE having access to a 3GPP Core Network via at least a trusted non-3GPP Access Network AN that does not support Layer 2 signalling and per IP connection is provided.
Abstract: In an embodiment, there is provided a method for the support of IP connections for a User Equipment UE having access to a 3GPP Core Network CN via at least a trusted non-3GPP Access Network AN that does not support Layer 2 signalling and bearer per IP connection, said method comprising: —providing that traffic carried by an IP connection is tunnelled over said AN, through a Layer-2 tunnel associated with said IP connection.

Patent
14 Mar 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a method and device for communicating with server in an IMS (IP multimedia subsystem) core network by using a terminal to pass through a private network as well as a network system.
Abstract: The invention embodiment provides a method and device for communicating with server in an IMS (IP multimedia subsystem) core network by using a terminal to pass through a private network as well as a network system. The method comprises: the terminal sets a source address of to-be-sent service data as a virtual IP (internet protocol) address and sets a target address as the address of a local network server so as to obtain a first service message, wherein the virtual IP address is the address distributed for the terminal by the IMS core network; the first service message is packaged as a first tunnel message, a virtual private network VPN tunnel between the terminal and a safety tunnel gateway is used for sending the first tunnel message to the safety tunnel gateway so that the safety tunnel gateway sends the first service message in the first tunnel message to the local network server. By using the technical scheme provided by the invention embodiment, the terminal can communicate with the server in the IMS core network after passing through the private network without changing an enterprise network.

Book ChapterDOI
Stefania Gnesi1, Tiziana Margaria1
29 Nov 2012
TL;DR: This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Concepts of TTCN-3 An Introductory Example TTCn-3 Semantics and Its Application A Distributed Test Platform for the TTCN3 Case Study I: Testing of Open Service Architecture (OSA)/Parlay Services Case Study II: testing of IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Equipment.
Abstract: This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Concepts of TTCN-3 An Introductory Example TTCN-3 Semantics and Its Application A Distributed Test Platform for the TTCN-3 Case Study I: Testing of Open Service Architecture (OSA)/Parlay Services Case Study II: Testing of IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Equipment Conclusion References

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Dec 2012
TL;DR: In NTMobile, a packet manipulation method in the Linux kernel module is implemented so as to achieve high levels of throughput performance.
Abstract: IP mobility is the technology that realizes a continuous communication even when communicating wireless nodes switch access networks. NTMobile (Network Traversal with Mobility) is a new type of IP mobility technology for the IPv4 and IPv6 networks. NTMobile nodes can also achieve IP mobility in global IP networks as well as in private IP networks by creating a tunnel route between a pair of NTMobile nodes. In NTMobile, network applications use virtual IP addresses to achieve a continuous communication at the time when real IP addresses change due to the switching of access networks or node movements. In NTMobile, we implement a packet manipulation method in the Linux kernel module so as to achieve high levels of throughput performance.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Oct 2012
TL;DR: This paper research on the integration of RTCWeb technology with IP multimedia subsystem with added IMS-RTCWeb interworking gateway and the suitable protocols, and gives solution on how to realize the integration from two points of view: protocol, network and route.
Abstract: Over the last few years, some significant evolutions such as intelligent mobile phone, web 2.0, html5 and RTCWeb (real time communication in web browsers) take the Internet into the Telecommunication world. The gap between Telecom and Web Worlds is becoming smaller and smaller. In this paper, we research on the integration of RTCWeb technology with IP multimedia subsystem. We introduce the development situation of RTCWeb technology and give the analysis of why we need the integration and the aim of the integration. We give solution on how to realize the integration from two points of view: protocol, network and route. Through added IMS-RTCWeb interworking gateway and the suitable protocols, we can construct the integration architecture. At the last, we list the problems on this integration topic and give the prospect of future work on this topic.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work proposes a solution for interdomain mobility management with end-to-end service continuity of communication by combining a multihoming protocol (SHIM6), which ensures a seamless network change, with the IMS architecture, which allows the establishment of multimedia sessions with quality of service.
Abstract: Nowadays, wireless networks are largely deployed, and the number of smart phones has boomed, as well as data transfer via mobile phones. This has resulted in the emergence of multihoming, which allows the user to enjoy the best access for each application. The context of our work is mobile multihomed terminals in a heterogeneous environment. We propose a solution for interdomain mobility management with end-to-end service continuity of communication. For this purpose, we combine a multihoming protocol (SHIM6), which ensures a seamless network change, with the IMS architecture, which allows the establishment of multimedia sessions with quality of service. Our proposal enables a mobile terminal to change its access network seamlessly, without any application disruption. To achieve this, we implement a P-SIP inside the terminal to manage the signaling procedures. The proposed scheme can manage the interdomain mobility of a terminal in two modes: reactive and proactive. A testbed allows us to show the feasibility of our approach and the obtained gain by reducing considerably the handover delay and thus, the data loss.

Patent
30 Apr 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a method for session transfer with Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) from a Packet Switched, PS, access to a Circuit Switched CS, access of a telecommunications session that has been established over the PS access via an IP Multimedia Subsystem, IMS, network is provided.
Abstract: A method is provided of performing a session transfer with Single Radio Voice Call Continuity, SRVCC, from a Packet Switched, PS, access to a Circuit Switched, CS, access of a telecommunications session that has been established over the PS access via an IP Multimedia Subsystem, IMS, network. A request for the transfer of the session is received. An indication of a voice codec that is currently being used for the session is obtained from the IMS network. Allocation of resources for the session in the CS access network is initiated, including specifying the voice codec to be used based on the obtained codec indication. Transfer of the session to the CS access is initiated so that the session continues with use of the specified voice codec.

Patent
04 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, an online charging system detects the subscriber account profile of a user terminal (51) to determine whether there is an event for providing an end user with voice announcement or interactive voice response (S203).
Abstract: The present invention provides a ubiquitous solution for providing charge - related voice service such as voice announcement and interactive voice response in an IP multimedia subsystem. In particularly, an online charging system (10) detects the subscriber account profile of a user terminal (51) to determine whether there is an event for providing an end user with voice announcement or interactive voice response (S203). If there is such voice announcement event or interactive voice response event, the online charging system (10) will enter "redirection state" and send an instruction (S204) to an online charging client (20) for instructing the online charging client (20) to redirect the user terminal to a first server (30) for providing voice announcement or interactive voice response such that the first server (30) provides the user terminal (51) with voice announcement or interactive voice response. The online charging client (20) may comprise network gateway, session initiation protocol application server or media resource function controller, etc.


Patent
Ralf Keller1, Fredrik Lindholm1
27 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a handover with Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) for a telecommunications session from a UE accessing an IP Multimedia Subsystem, IMS, network via a Circuit Switched, CS, access network to a target Packet Switching, PS access network is described.
Abstract: A method is provided of performing a handover with Single Radio Voice Call Continuity, SRVCC, of a telecommunications session from a User Equipment, UE accessing an IP Multimedia Subsystem, IMS, network via a Circuit Switched, CS, access network to a target Packet Switched, PS, access network. The method includes receiving a handover request from the CS access network to transfer the session and determining that the telecommunications session comprises data media in addition to, or without, any audio media. The ability to perform the handover with SRVCC for the data media is determined. Bearer resources for the session when handed over to the PS access network are allocated, including a data media bearer and, if there is any audio media in the session an audio media bearer. The session is transferred from the CS to the target PS access network.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
04 Apr 2012
TL;DR: Using WLAN/WiMAX heterogeneous networks and three coupling architectures such as tight coupling, loose coupling and hybrid coupling are considered, it is inferred that tight coupling is performing better from handover point of view.
Abstract: In the fast changing field of wireless communication new technologies emerges regularly to satisfy the ongoing demand for faster data rates and larger coverage area. Therefore it is important for the user to make the best possible use of the available heterogeneous network for connection support. For movement of mobile between heterogeneous networks vertical handoff is necessary. IP Multimedia Subsystem is an emerging architecture framework for interworking heterogeneous networks. In this paper we used WLAN/WiMAX heterogeneous networks and three coupling architectures such as tight coupling, loose coupling and hybrid coupling are considered. The parameters such as vertical handoff delay, Mobile scanning interval activity, neighbouring advertisement received are obtained. From the simulation it is inferred that tight coupling is performing better from handover point of view.

01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: Providing the real-time applications on Internet is a challenging task for the conventional IP networks as it uses best-effort services which doesn't provide guarantee of services and Traffic Engineering (TE).
Abstract: Now-a-days Internet is playing a vital role in most of the people's life due to wide variety of applications and services provided on Internet. The increased number of Internet users made the popular services television and telephone to use the Internet as a medium to reach their customers. These services are provided by convergence of voice and data communications over single network infrastructure. Providing the real-time applications on Internet is a challenging task for the conventional IP networks as it uses best-effort services which doesn't provide guarantee of services and Traffic Engineering (TE). Moreover IP networks offer minimum predictability of services which is unacceptable for the applications like telephony and multimedia services (1).